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In the eyes of most people, Shanxi people are addicted to pasta. That's true. It's an exaggeration to say that they don't lack food or bread. Shanxi people's eating habits of noodles have a long history, which is formed under the background of natural conditions, historical origins and offensive forces. There are all kinds of food crops in Shanxi, with dozens of varieties. The north-central part is rich in sorghum, millet (millet in northern Taiyuan is sticky), sorghum, naked oats, buckwheat, rice, beans (including peas, black beans, mung beans, soybeans, adzuki beans, cowpeas, tea beans, lentils and broad beans), corn and misha. The south is rich in wheat, corn, millet and rice. These grain varieties provide abundant food.
Through the ingenuity of peasant women, thousands of kinds of pasta can be made. Pasta in various shapes is delicious and attractive. Many farmers, three meals a day are mainly pasta, either coarse or fine, or dry or soup, coarse and fine, coarse grains are good at noodles and rice, and their cooking skills are very rich. Farmers in areas rich in millet use rice as porridge or rice and mix it with pasta, such as mixed soup and noodle soup. Add oil to the noodle soup, or add chopped green onion, or add tender buds of Toona sinensis. This simple food can not only satisfy people's appetite, but also has a strong peasant flavor in the Loess Plateau, which makes people enjoy a kind of spiritual enjoyment. In the Pingchuan area of Jinzhong, almost all farmers' lunches are pasta, such as noodles and noodles, which are picked or pulled, rolled or pressed, brushed or wiped, with their own characteristics.
Noodles are long and short, wide and narrow, thick and thin; The pulled pieces are thick and thin, big and small, soft and hard. It's really dazzling, as if you were in the kingdom of pasta. All kinds of pasta, together with toppings and condiments with local characteristics, make people feel that eating Shanxi pasta is really a beautiful enjoyment. People with good living conditions should pay attention to eating pasta within one month; Ordinary farmers eat miscellaneous noodles (sorghum flour mixed with white flour, bean flour, corn flour or sorghum flour mixed with elm bark is called "miscellaneous noodles"), and they change their patterns every day. The yellow wheat cake and oat flour in the north, and the white flour bun in the south have their own characteristics in shape and taste.
Of course, Lamian Noodles, Mian Mian, Daoxiao Noodles and Daoxiao Noodles, four famous Shanxi noodles, are appreciated by people. Among them, the popularity of picking tips is the highest, especially in Pingchuan, Jinzhong, where almost every peasant woman can pick tips with one hand. Miscellaneous noodles can be selected with the same thickness and length; The picking skills of white flour can be long or short, thick or thin. Thick is hollow and soft, thin is smooth and flat. In Lamian Noodles, peasant women are known as "Little Lamian Noodles". This kind of noodles can be drawn into various shapes, such as wide and narrow, round and peaceful, thick and thin or even triangular. It is such a single pasta (especially in the old society where materials were scarce) that has become so colorful in the hands of hardworking and intelligent peasant women! By cooking, steaming, frying and baking, the monotonous and tedious housework becomes poetic and beautiful!
2 Old vinegar is famous.
As we all know, vinegar is widely used in Shanxi folk meals. Shanxi's water is alkaline, and vinegar helps to digest miscellaneous grains, such as oatmeal, sorghum, corn, potatoes and other high-calorie digestible foods. Shanxi people are called "old acyl", and their noodles, steamed buns, jiaozi, pies and stir-fried dishes (mostly) are inseparable from vinegar. Otherwise, the cooked rice is not fragrant. Some mountain residents have the habit of replacing sauerkraut with sour soup. In the past, people in Shanxi mountainous areas were poor and could not afford vinegar, so they had to cook with sour soup. Shanxi people should make vinegar, and the vinegar pot and salt should not leave the table.
In the vast rural areas of Shanxi, almost every household has a set of experience in brewing vinegar, and there are one or two vats in the courtyard. Sorghum vinegar is brewed in Pingchuan area, and rice vinegar, jujube vinegar, persimmon vinegar vinegar and seabuckthorn vinegar are brewed by mountain residents, each with its own flavor. Vinegar is used to blend meals or cook dishes, which has high nutritional value and certain therapeutic effect. Almost all parts of Shanxi have their own famous vinegar, among which "Shanxi old vinegar" has the best taste and can be called a good condiment.
(3) Like spicy food In addition to salt and vinegar, local residents also have considerable demand for spicy food. People have always regarded green onions, leeks, peppers, garlic, peppers and even ginger as essential side dishes and cooking condiments. Rich families pickled white garlic and green peppers into pickles to accompany their meals, which residents call "excellent pickles". This is also a delicious food for relatives and friends. Residents in north-central China have the habit of eating directly with green onions and garlic. It is more common to chop peppers and then mix them with salt and vinegar. In some places, even every meal is inseparable from Chili noodles, which are mixed with salt to make side dishes.
Eating spicy food is very common in southern Shanxi, and residents of Pingyao, Jiexiu, Lingshi and Fenyang are all in Jinzhong area. Among the spicy food in Shanxi, the best quality is Jincheng Bagong scallion, Yingxian Xiaoshikou garlic, Daixian pepper, Hejin, Linfen leek, Pingshun and Yuxian pepper. Ginger is generally imported from other places, and the demand of the people is also quite large. Shanxi is rich in pepper. Wutai's Dahongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum is very popular because of its red color and heavy taste. Pepper seeds can be pressed into oil and pepper leaves can be eaten as vegetables. Pepper can be used as both seasoning and food. Pickling and mixing, pickling salted peppers, mashing after drying, and frying can stimulate appetite and strengthen the spleen. Baking and grinding noodles is the best seasoning for Yuncheng people to eat boiled buns. Daixian pepper is famous in China for its rich oil, fat meat and spicy taste. Shanxi green onions and purple garlic are delicious, and peppers and fennel are also indispensable seasoning foods.
④ Good wine
Excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. Fenjiu in Xinghua Village, Shanxi Province has a brewing history of 1000 years. It is known as "immortal wine", "jade liquid" and "nectar and jade liquid" for its crystal clear color, pure and long fragrance and delicious taste, and has become the pride of Shanxi people. There are also bamboo leaves that are "ashamed to recommend you, and bamboo is fragrant"; Changzhi Lu wine, which is "fragrant Wan Li drunk in the middle of the mountain"; "Liuquxiang" Qixian Liuquxiang wine; Known as "thousands of miles away", Zhou Pu Mulberry Wine is full of fragrance; Xinzhou Tequ liquor with a long aftertaste; Fenyan fragrant wine "drunken autumn geese return to Fentan"; Xixian jade bottle wine can dispel wind, strengthen the body and improve intelligence; There are countless Yuanqu calamus wines that soothe the nerves, detoxify, refresh and improve eyesight.
Eating habits in Shanxi
(1) Daily eating habits
Three meals a day in most parts of Shanxi, and five or six meals a day in some places like Yangcheng. In the season of short leisure days in winter, it is generally changed to two meals, which is called "one morning". People call a meal a meal. Breakfast is called "breakfast", lunch is called "lunch" and "lunch", and dinner is called "dinner". Generally, when doing heavy physical work, it is called "making cake rice" between meals, and the common people also call it "moving to eat". Most breakfast in Jinzhong is cornmeal porridge, commonly known as "boiled bumps", with side dishes; In the southeast of Shanxi, we eat millet, coarse rice and shredded cold vegetables for breakfast. Lunch is very rich, eating noodles, cakes, steamed bread, plus potatoes, vermicelli, stewed cabbage and pickles. Dinner also prepared soup-like miscellaneous pot rice, rice pasta and so on, but do not pay attention to eat more. The boiled water in southern Shanxi is pepper, which is also a very delicious meal.
In the cold season of spring and summer, people in northern Shanxi always like to sit cross-legged on a hot kang when eating. Housewives sit in the pot and cook rice for men and children, and choose the rest for themselves. As the saying goes, "people eat before and after meals." After eating a bowl of rice, if the chopsticks are placed horizontally in the bowl, it means that you are full. If chopsticks are put aside or held in your hand, you are not full. Some rural areas have the habit of standing on the street to eat in the warm season of summer and autumn. Every household's Kazuhiro Mori bowl of rice walked out of the courtyard gate, or stood squatting at the door, or went to the street to grind bowls and trees, chat and eat, and exchange anecdotes and jokes. For example, when farmers are busy harvesting and threshing, they often have the habit of carrying black pottery rice pots to send rice to the fields. If you can't deliver meals from a long distance, you can bring some dry food and dried vegetables to satisfy your hunger temporarily, which is called "anti-hunger."
② Etiquette communication
Shanxi people usually eat frugally, but when guests come, they will do their best to entertain them warmly. Set more meals on the dining table, the guests will sit in their seats and the host will accompany them. Generally speaking, new bowls and chopsticks should be given to guests, and drinking more before meals will increase the fun. The poor who serve food are two cool and one hot, four cool and one hot, four cool and four hot; Rich people eat hot pot in seats 66, 88, 10 and 10.
After the host warms the wine, he pours the wine for the guests with both hands, which is called "seven meals and eight drinks in tea". Guests should raise their glasses to express their thanks: "I'll do it myself, I'll do it myself, you go first." The host raised his glass and the guests took a sip to show their courtesy. During the dinner, the host frequently pointed out and changed the position of the dishes, and enthusiastically made suggestions for the meal. Guests should take a bite of food and put chopsticks once. If they continue to eat and drink, they will be regarded as "no feng shui" and "rude and uneducated" Don't eat until you finish drinking. In the past, Chinese food was white steamed bread, jiaozi and oil cakes. Steamed bread is served on a plate and placed in front of the guests. After eating, the guests put chopsticks on the bowl and gently pushed them forward to show that they were full. Treat each other with tea after dinner. When visiting relatives and friends, you must have homemade white buns and other food, and avoid taking even numbers. If the host doesn't stay, he will return his food or local products when he leaves. For weddings and funerals, the dietary rules are more particular.
The general banquet is divided into chairman, relatives of aunt's family, aunt and uncle as guests, and dinner cannot be provided before the guests arrive. Hip flask, trolley handle and chopsticks should be put in front of others. Sit on the right, in order of elders. In the old days, the square table sat on three sides, leaving one side unhappy. For example, weddings, housewarming, having children, opening stores, celebrating, celebrating birthdays, getting together, getting banquets, etc. In the past, old people used to draw their fists gently and elegantly, such as singing and eulogizing beautifully and simply. When the wine reaches its climax, the host drinks with each guest in turn, which is called "playing customs clearance". Invite people to dinner should be posted in advance or verbally invited to the home. The common name is "Anren", and special guests should be invited to meet them before meals. Most farmers should distribute food to their neighbors after the wedding banquet to enhance friendship.
Shanxi food culture accumulation
Shanxi's unique food and eating habits have formed a unique culture. As one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation, since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the northern and central areas of Shanxi have become one of the areas where people in the Central Plains and ethnic minorities live together. Due to the integration of nationalities and cultures, various customs have gathered in Shanxi, and the dietary customs in Shanxi have become complex, diversified and complicated. At the same time, due to geography, climate, nationality and other reasons, it has become a common practice for Shanxi people to eat whole grains. Millet, corn, buckwheat noodles, bean noodles, sorghum noodles, oat noodles, and a variety of pasta structures make Shanxi people's diet very colorful. These numerous food components, from the production methods, varieties, modeling, technology and cooking process, have become a kind of food culture circulating in all walks of life and different corners of Shanxi. Formed a unique pasta culture and Jin cuisine culture in Shanxi. , has a long history, enduring, spread to this day.
The unique food culture not only embodies the regional customs of Shanxi, but also shows the simple folk customs of Shanxi. Pasta, vinegar and wine are expressions of Shanxi people's love for life and welcome to guests. Shanxi's unique diet is not only loved by local people, but also praised by people all over the country, especially pasta. In April 2007, China Cuisine Association held an award ceremony in Beijing, which officially awarded Shanxi the title of "Hometown of Pasta in China". The award of "Hometown of Pasta in China" clarified the origin, representativeness and uniqueness of Shanxi pasta.
Shanxi pasta culture is full of Shanxi's strong rural feelings and profound cultural charm. Its inheritance and development are of great significance to the times.
Shanxi special snacks
Enema, scar cake, dishes, buckwheat noodles, bean curd, xiaoyi fire, Shouyang dried bean curd, etc.
Shanxi special noodle
Daoxiao Noodles, picking tips, wiping noodles, pulling pieces, leaking rivers, fishing, cat ears, oatmeal, brain tonic, touching films, etc.
The more famous duet in En