At the entrance of Cangpo Village, I saw the Cangpo Stream Gate, which was built in the Song Dynasty. With its heavy arch and Gu Zhuo-style structure, this gate still looks full of vitality, just like a majestic warrior facing a civilian. Entering the west gate, it is a stone arch bridge that has remained unchanged after a hundred years of wind and rain. It stands tall and straddles both banks. The deck of the arch bridge symbolizes the tiger's back, and the two lanterns hanging from the top of the archway on the back of the tiger symbolize the tiger's eyes, which symbolizes the rich humanistic color of the ancient village and the meaning of crouching tiger, hidden dragon.
Another small stone bridge facing the West Gate, the arched stone bridge body, sets the West Gate and one of the north-south long streets on a straight line that is not in the same plane, avoiding the taboo of the intersection of Feng Shui and the main street. According to the data, in ancient times, only champions were qualified to walk on this bridge. For hundreds of years, Cangpo people have been inheriting the teachings of their ancestors, dreaming that they can go once and throw away their lofty ambitions. Now, it has finally come true, and young men and women are walking happily, highlighting the position of "farming and reading culture" in the hearts of villagers.
Cangpo Village has a long history. It is said that in 955 AD, the last week of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Tang Dynasty, a man named Li Cen came to the foot of Bijia Mountain from Changxi, Cangpo Village, Fujian Province to avoid troubled times, took a fancy to this treasure trove of geomantic omen and settled down here. So far, it has a history of more than 1000 years, and its descendants have more than 40 generations. In the fifth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 179), there was a surname Xu in the history of Cangpo Village. Song Li loved his hometown deeply, and invited Li Ritian, a Buddhist at that time, to make careful planning and layout for his hometown. It is said that after investigating the geographical situation of Cangpo Village, Li Ritian thought that the geographical environment of Cangpo was "too angry" and there were fire hazards on all sides. Therefore, in the layout, we pay attention to the environmental setting of replacing fire with water. There are two pools in the east and west directions of the village. The east pool is a long and narrow rectangle, with a length of147m from north to south and a width of19m from east to west. Xichi, rectangular, 80 meters long from east to west and 35 meters wide from north to south, is sunny, and the reflection of Bijiashan is reflected in it, forming a still water landscape painting.
Most of the roads in the village are paved with pebbles, which are refreshing, natural and beautiful. The bamboo and green trees in the courtyard wall are quite idyllic. Most of the houses here are enclosed in a square or three-in-one style, that is, there are three, five and nine main rooms with wooden cloisters in front of them. The gatehouse is towering into the sky, and the windows are mostly woven with bamboo, which is also an attractive scenery.
So where is Four Treasures of the Study? How to appreciate this beautiful landscape in which man and nature live in harmony? Standing on a high place, I looked up and saw a Bijia Mountain in the west of the village. In the place facing Bijia Mountain, the villagers paved a long street of more than 300 meters with square bricks and stones, like a pen, called Pen Street. Bijie is the main street in the village. In the Song Dynasty, ancestor Li's cemetery was at the southwest end of the long street, which connected the village road and the ancestors' grave. This is also rare in ancient villages, which shows that Cangpo people admire and respect their ancestors. In the village, there are two large pools for fire prevention, called inkstone pool. Next to the East-West Pool, there is a long stone that looks like an ink edge. At one end of the strip stone, it is chiseled into a polished appearance. It is said that this 4.5-meter-long strip stone with a cross section of 0.5 and 0.3 meters was erected by a pool, and there were 565,438+0.5 holes in the inkstone. According to the old man in the village, the stone on it is. Most of the houses in the whole village are surrounded by pebbles in the square, and the walls of the houses are about one person high. The layout of the building is neat and rigorous, and the ridge of the house is well-defined and strewn at random, just like a big piece of paper written out. I really don't know if I don't look. Be clear at a glance.
The starting point of the main street is the center of the village, and Li's ancestral hall is at the starting point of Pen Street, on the east side of the village entrance. There seems to be a little more surnames on the plaque of the Lee Ancestral Hall. This is not a clerical error. Some villagers told us that because there were several non-Li families in the village at that time, it can be seen from here that the ancient village at that time did not mean exclusion, and the village accepted people with foreign surnames to live together, highlighting harmony.
According to ancient architectural customs, ancestral halls are not close to temples. But Li didn't care about this. Renji Temple is on the east side of the ancestral hall. As Nanxi Folk Museum, it is Renji Temple. The Confucian Temple was built by Li Bojun, the tenth ancestor of Li, on 1055. The owner of this temple is not Guanyin Guan Gong, nor the ancestor of his own family, but the early Zhou Dynasty in folklore. In Shi Shuo Xin Yu, a man named Zhou Chu was described. When he was young, he ran amok in the village and hated his neighbors. Later, at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, he turned over a new leaf, removed great harm to the villagers in the village, and finally died on the battlefield. This is a model for people in past dynasties to educate young people to fight evil and do good. This shows the profound meaning of building a temple. Temples in other places are generally rigid and solemn, but Li paid great attention to the shaping of artistic atmosphere and aesthetic feeling when building them. Looking up at the temple, he suddenly felt that it was a kind of cultural education. .
There are three ancient cypresses in front of Renji Temple, which are 8 15 years old. It is said that Li Xizhai, the ninth ancestor of Li, planted Cooper himself. He not only advocated the villagers to plant trees and beautify their homes, but also made a ban: "Anyone who ties cattle to trees will be killed immediately." Once, unfortunately, a long-term worker put his cow in a cypress tree. After Li Xizhai found out, he killed his own cow and alarmed the whole village. Since then, no one has damaged the green trees. Li Xizhai lost a cow, but in exchange for the evergreen and beautiful Cooper, the villagers are convinced. Since then, this rule has not changed for thousands of years. When you walk into Cangpo Village and see the lush old trees, you can feel the long and ancient atmosphere, which is rich.
Wangdi Pavilion and Wangdi Hall in the village are two distinctive ancient buildings in Cangpo Village. It is said that they were built in 1 128, after the separation of Li Qiushan, the seventh ancestor of Cang Po Li, and his younger brother Li. At that time, my brother Li Qiushan moved to Fangdai Village on the other side. However, the two brothers have deep feelings, and they still communicate frequently after separation. They talked for a long time every night, and they had to be sent to the village when they parted. It was not until one party reached the other safely and raised the lantern in his hand to show peace that the two brothers turned around and went home separately. Later, the two brothers agreed to build a pavilion in Cangpo Village and Fangdai Village, with the pavilion facing north and the pavilion facing south. There is water between the two pavilions, so I can touch the pavilion to see my brother off and look at his hall. The pavilion has a unique shape, especially the eaves, which are full of curvature, extensive atmosphere, and the eaves are flying and very soft. The pavilion is open on all sides, windy on all sides, and far away from each other, indicating lasting friendship. Staring at the pavilion, you will naturally think a lot. This is also of great educational significance to people today, especially how to deal with and communicate with blood relatives in life.
In addition to traditional cultural and artistic traditions such as architecture, greening and Buddhism, the ancient Kunqu opera is a treasure of folk art in Cangpo Village. Mr Yu, a famous Beijing-Kunming opera artist in China, once said, "Nankun is not as good as Beikun", which refers to the folk Kunqu art in Yongjia area. Here, the art of Yong Kun, which is on the verge of extinction, is once again valued, which is a profound cultural heritage. Here, every holiday, the old stage will ring with eternal ancient songs, attracting guests from all corners of the country.
Walking in this beautiful courtyard of Ming and Qing houses and touching the surrounding scenery, in addition to seeing the scenic spots in the village, the villagers' hospitality is irresistible. Sitting in the local restaurant in the village, you can taste the rice wine brewed by the villagers themselves, as well as wild vegetables, native chickens and native ducks. You will feel a strong fragrance and a different kind of wildness and beauty.
Sitting in an ancient teahouse, drinking a cup of villagers' special green tea and letting the breeze blow slowly, you will feel that you have infiltrated a kind of beautiful green and imagination, and at the same time you will be excited to absorb the literary spirit of "Four Treasures of the Study".