Hakka Tulou, also known as Fujian Tulou, are mainly distributed in Yongding, Nanjing, Hua'an and other places in southwestern Fujian. They are residences where the Hakka people have inherited and thrived from generation to generation. With its long history, unique style, ingenious construction and magnificent scale, earth buildings are known as the wonders of residential architecture in the world. There are more than 23,000 existing earth buildings of more than 30 types, including round buildings, square buildings, pentagonal buildings, octagonal buildings, and stilted buildings, forming a group of earth buildings nestled in the mountains and greenery, well-proportioned and well-organized, such as: Yongding Chuxi Earth Buildings Group, Tianluokeng Tulou Group, Shuyang Township, Nanjing, etc.

The building not only attracted the attention of the architectural community, but also attracted strong interest from Chinese and foreign scholars and experts in history, geography, anthropology, folklore, etc. In 2001, the "Fujian Earth Buildings" composed of the earth buildings in Yongding, Nanjing and Hua'an, Fujian, were officially declared as world cultural heritage and have been inspected, evaluated and accepted by UNESCO experts.

The largest round building is the "Chengqi Building" in Gaotou Village, Dazhu Township, Yongding County.

The whole building is 73 meters in diameter, with three circles and four floors, and a total of 400 rooms. , living in 60 households. The smallest round building is the "Rusheng Building" in Yongding County, with 12 floors and 12 rooms, housing 6 families. The oldest round tower is the "Qitian Tower" in Shajian Township, Hua'an County, which has a history of more than 600 years. There is a "Bagua Fort" in Dongping Village, Shentu Township, Yunxiao County. The entire village is composed of five circles, with a complete round building in the center, and four outer circles intermittently arranged according to the Bagua array, surrounding the surrounding area. The Yuchang Building located in Xiaban Village, Shuyang Township, Nanjing County is known as the "Standing Tower". It was built during the Chenghua Period of the Ming Dynasty (1487). Almost all visible beams, columns, and couplets are crooked. It is said that the largest The tilt angle is 15 degrees!

More than 1900 years ago, the Central Plains area experienced turmoil, and the Hakka people moved southward. After several twists and turns, they came to the mountainous areas in southwestern Fujian. In order to avoid external impact, they had to rely on the mountains to operate and gather together as a clan. And live. Local raw soil, sand, gravel, and wood chips were used to build single houses, and then connected them into large houses, and then built thick and closed earth buildings. There is a well drilled in the building and a granary is prepared. In case of war or banditry, the door can be closed and it becomes a self-contained building. Even if it is surrounded, food and water can be supplied for several months. Coupled with the characteristics of being warm in winter and cool in summer, and resistant to earthquakes and winds, earth buildings have become a residence where the Hakka people have inherited and thrived from generation to generation

Edited on 2020-04-18

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The most distinctive residential houses in Fujian are undoubtedly the “Tulou”.

Tulou houses with unique styles are scattered in Yongding, Wuping, Shanghang in western Fujian and Nanjing, Pinghe, Hua'an, Zhangpu and other places in southwestern Fujian. Its shape, decoration and construction technology are rare in the world. Earth buildings are commonly known as "raw earth buildings". Because most of them were built by the Hakka people in Fujian, they are also called "Hakka earth buildings". It uses raw soil as the main building material, mixed with fine sand, lime, glutinous rice, brown sugar, bamboo chips, wooden strips, etc., and is built after repeated kneading, pounding and pressing

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Introduction to Fujian Tulou in less than 300 words

Fujian Tulou is a pearl of oriental civilization. It is famous for its long history, wide variety of Fujian Tulou, large scale, ingenious structure, complete functions and rich connotation. It has extremely high historical, artistic and scientific value and is known as the "Oriental Tulou". "Ancient castle", "a wonder of world architecture", "a unique and mythical mountain architectural model in the world".

Earth building houses with unique styles are scattered in Yongding, Wuping, Shanghang in western Fujian and Nanjing, Pinghe, Hua'an, Zhangpu and other places in southwestern Fujian. Its shape, decoration and construction technology are rare in the world. Earth buildings are commonly known as "raw earth buildings". Because most of them were built by the Hakka people in Fujian, they are also called "Hakka earth buildings". It is made of raw soil as the main building material, mixed with fine sand, lime, glutinous rice, brown sugar, bamboo chips, wooden strips, etc., and is built by repeatedly kneading, pounding and pressing. The roof is covered with fire-heated tiles and will not be damaged for a long time. The earth building can be up to four or five stories high, allowing three or four generations to live together in the same building. The 46 Fujian earth buildings that have become world cultural heritage are composed of six groups with four floors. Yongding County in Fujian Province accounts for three groups with two floors, and Nanjing County and Hua'an County occupy three groups of buildings, including the Chuxi Earth Building Group and Hongkeng Earth Buildings distributed in Yongding County. The Tianluokeng Tulou Group, the Hekeng Tulou Group in Nanjing County, the Dadi Tulou Group in Hua'an County, etc. are mainly distributed in the high mountains in western and southern Fujian. They are famous for their unique architectural style and long history and culture. Not only are the most common round earth buildings, but they also include square earth buildings, chair-shaped earth buildings, etc., covering a complete architectural style of earth buildings. Fujian earth buildings are unique large-scale rammed earth residential buildings in mountainous areas in the world, and are creative masterpieces of earthen architectural art. Fujian earth buildings originated in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and matured in the late Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. The oldest and youngest earth buildings among the World Heritage Earth Buildings are both in the Chuxi Earth Building Group. The Jiqing Building with a diameter of 66 meters is over 600 years old, and the Shanqing Building with a diameter of 31 meters is only 30 years old. The formation of Fujian earth buildings is related to several famous migrations of Han people in the Central Plains in history. During the Yongjia period of the Western Jin Dynasty, that is, the 4th century AD, there were frequent wars and natural disasters in the north. Local people migrated southward in large numbers, which kicked off the continuous migration of Han people from the Central Plains to Fujian for thousands of years. The immigrants from the Central Plains who entered southern Fujian merged with the local residents, forming the Hokki ethnic group characterized by the southern Fujian dialect; the Han people from the Central Plains who migrated to the mountainous areas of western Fujian through Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province formed another important ethnic group in Fujian - Hakka. Hakka ethnic group characterized by dialect.

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Introduction to Fujian Tulou.

The most distinctive folk houses in Fujian are the “earth buildings”. Earth building houses with unique styles are scattered in Yongding, Wuping, Shanghang in western Fujian and Nanjing, Pinghe, Hua'an, Zhangpu and other places in southwestern Fujian. Its shape, decoration and construction technology are rare in the world. Earth buildings are commonly known as "raw earth buildings". Because most of them were built by the Hakka people in Fujian, they are also called "Hakka earth buildings". It is made of raw soil as the main building material, mixed with fine sand, lime, glutinous rice, brown sugar, bamboo chips, wooden strips, etc., and is built by repeatedly kneading, pounding and pressing. The roof is covered with fire-heated tiles and will not be damaged for a long time. The earth building can be up to four or five stories high, allowing three or four generations to live together in the same building. This kind of civil-framed house with raw earth as its walls has one of the most diverse styles among traditional Chinese houses. There are many types such as circle, square, semicircle, ellipse, cross-chair, pentagon, eight trigrams, five-phoenix, peach-shaped and irregular shapes, among which the round, square, cross-chair and five-phoenix towers are the most common ones. The square-shaped building is called "Sifang Building" in Yongding and "Four-Corner Building" in Nanjing. It has the earliest origin and is the most complete, closed and sturdy. This kind of earth building is about 16 meters high and can have up to 5 floors. Each floor is about 3 meters apart. The walls are thicker at the bottom and thinner at the top. The bottom wall is more than 1 meter thick and becomes narrower as you go higher. The top layer is only 0.8 meters thick. The building covers an area of ??up to thousands of square meters. The total construction area of ??the five floors is about 3,000 square meters. There are more than 20 rooms on each floor and one foyer. The whole building has about 100 rooms. There are stairs leading to the upper floors in the four directions of the building, east, west, north and south. One building can accommodate more than 100 people from 20 to 30 households. Representatives include "Hegui Tower" in Pushan Village, Meilin Township, Nanjing, "Da Fu Di" in Wuping, and "Fuxin Tower" in Xiazhai Village, Hulei Township, Yongding, etc. The "Fuxin Building" in Yongding, also known as the "Big Building" and "Huoshao Building", was first built in the fourth year of the Tang Dynasty (769) and has a history of more than 1,200 years. The residents in the building have been passed down to 27 generations. The "Wushi Building" in Guzhu Township, Yongding is a special type of square building structure. Its corridors are designed between the walls, saving a lot of wood and providing strong concealment. The round building is also called "round building" or "earth round building", and Yongding Hakka people call it "zhai". The circular cylindrical round building is the most representative type of Fujian earth building. Yongding, Nanjing, Pinghe, Shanghang and Hua'an are all dominated by this type of earth buildings. It is said that the Round Tower was developed from a military camp more than 1,300 years ago during the reign of Tang general Chen Yuanguang during the Ping Dynasty in Fujian. Round buildings have a huge and majestic appearance, with diameters of 50 to 70 meters abound. The "Chengqi Tower" Yuanzhai in Gaobei Village, Guzhu Township, Yongding County, Western Fujian, was built during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty (1662-1723). It is 73 meters in diameter and consists of a large ring, a small ring and three rings with the same center. It is a huge castle formed by a set of rings. Each ring is separated by a well-shaped patio. The circumference of the outer ring is 229 meters long, and the bottom earth wall is 1.5 meters thick. The outermost ring is 4 stories high, the middle ring is 2 stories, and the third ring is a bungalow. At the center of the central circle is a trigram-shaped octagonal ancestral hall. There are 400 rooms in the whole building, with a total area of ??5376 square meters. There are more than 600 people in 80 households. The "Pingzuo Juening" Yuanzhai in Lufeng Village, Luxi Township, Pinghe County, southern Fujian, has a circular diameter of 77 meters. It is the largest diameter round earth building known to be still inhabited in the world. The main building is 4 stories high, about 14.5 meters high, with 77 bays on each floor. There are still 77 households with more than 250 people living there, all of whom belong to the same clan with the same surname Ye. It was built in the early years of Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty. The construction lasted for 40 years. At its peak, more than 700 people lived there.

Ordinary round buildings usually cover an area of ??more than 1,000 square meters. Generally speaking, most Yongding round buildings have three floors, while Nanjing round buildings often have 4 to 5 floors. It is about 123 meters high, with about 30 houses on each floor and 2 to 4 staircases (depending on the size of the building). Many round buildings build a small round building covering an area of ??20 to 30 square meters. It is used as a place for ancestor worship and entertainment, with a unique style. Usually, the small round building can accommodate more than 20 households and 100 people. The architectural style of the round building is similar to that of the square building in terms of the thickness of the earthen walls. The difference is that the specifications of the rooms on each floor of the building are more uniform and standardized than that of the square building. The round building also overcomes some of the shortcomings of the square building. For example, a square building with four corners has dark light, poor ventilation, is close to wooden stairs, and is noisy. However, a round building eliminates corners, has uniform component sizes, relatively simple construction, and a simpler roof. Compared with the square building, the difference between the good and bad rooms is not obvious, which is conducive to the distribution within the clan. In addition, the area of ??a circle with the same perimeter is 1.273 times that of a square. Therefore, a round building has a larger inner courtyard space than a square building. Because there are no corners, the need for large timbers is reduced accordingly, and the performance of wind, earthquake and fire resistance is higher. The "Shengping Building" in Baoshan Village, Shajian Township, Hua'an County, built in the 29th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1601), is the only three-story round building in southern Fujian whose exterior walls are all made of strips of stone. It is also a unit structure. Because it is not protected from wind and rain, the eaves are small and look like stone mills. This stone round building is a unique branch of the earth round building family in Fujian, but its earthquake resistance is not as good as that of the earth building. In Nanjing and other places, there is also a raw earth building called "Jiaozhi Building", whose architectural form is roughly the same as that of a square building. But the front row house is slightly lower, with a bungalow or 2 floors, and the left and right sides are slightly higher, with 2 floors or 3 floors, just like the "armrests" of the seat. The rear row house is the highest, up to 3 floors or more, just like the "armrests" of the seats. With its backrest, the whole building looks like a "top chair", so it is commonly known as "top chair building". Its characteristics are that the earthen wall is low in front and high in back, with sufficient sunshine and fresh air, which is warm in winter and cool in summer. There are fifty or sixty rooms, housing 15 households with about sixty or seventy people. The "Changyuan Building" in Shiqiao Village, Shuyang Township, Nanjing County, built in the first year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1723), is its representative. In earth building architecture, round and square buildings are usually built separately, but in some places due to historical reasons, earth building groups that combine round and square buildings have also been formed. The Huang family in Tianluokeng, Shuyang Township, Nanjing County, has built a combination of five integrated round and square earth buildings over hundreds of years. Viewed from the air, a square building dominates the center and four round buildings surround the four corners. It looks like a huge plum blossom in full bloom, dotted on the green field, well-proportioned and beautiful. When the building complex was first built, there was only one square building. The ancestors of the Huang family named the building "Hechang Building". Later, as the population grew, four round earth buildings were built around the square building, from the east, west and south. "Hechang Tower" is guarded in the four directions of , , and north, making it look like a mountain village and a castle. The breathtaking grand idea makes people admire and admire it! In addition, there is also a round tower in Gaobei Village, Yongding Ancient Bamboo Township. Mainly, a group of earth buildings built with square and round buildings. This ingenious idea and unique combination have won praise from architectural experts at home and abroad. The bottom floors of round or square buildings are used as kitchens and dining rooms, and some are also used as cattle pens and pig pens. There are no windows on the ground floor to the outside world. The second floor is a utility room for storing grains and farm tools, and there are few windows to the outside. The third floor and above are bedrooms. The rooms upstairs and downstairs, as well as each single room, are all the same size, generally around 10 m2, and appear small, with room for only a bed, a cupboard, and a table. This reflects the Hakka family's habit of not focusing on bedrooms and using the living room as the main activity space. The corridors in most earth buildings are open corridors, which are used by everyone. The doors and windows of each room open to the corridor. There are also some earth buildings that are divided into Bagua-style units or each room from the first floor to the top floor is an independent unit. Families are connected up and down by stairs. The "Zhencheng Building" in Hukeng Township, Yongding, is divided into 8 groups of bedrooms in the shape of a trigram on the outer circle, with 6 rooms in each unit, 48 rooms on each floor, and a total of 192 rooms on the 4th floor. Each unit is separated by a firewall and connected by an arch, and each unit has a bathroom downstairs. In the Hakka residential areas of western and southwestern Fujian, there is also a kind of earth building style that is very different from the round and square earth buildings. It is commonly known as "Five Phoenix Building" (Nanjing people call it "big house building"). This is a mansion-style earth building. Residential. The five phoenixes are originally the meaning of the five elements extended by the five directions (east, west, south, north, and center) and the five colors. The famous house with five phoenixes represents the corresponding meaning of the four directions and the center. It resembles an ancient palace in the Central Plains and is also similar to the Forbidden City in Beijing. Highlight the central axis center, and on the basis of plane development, pay attention to the balance and symmetry of the left and right, the order of the front and rear heights, and the neat and orderly layout. The most common Wufeng Tower is the three-chamber and two-horizontal style. There are also three halls and one horizontal, four-horizontal, six-horizontal, and other forms. The architectural content of a three-hall and three-horizontal Wufeng building includes: fish pond, side hall, back room, heping, lower hall, middle hall, back hall, and two-sided horizontal rooms. In terms of styling design, the hall and patio have a unique configuration. Both halls are open, facing the patio and connected to the patio. The edge of the hall is the edge of the patio. The two form an inseparable whole, which is a very clever combination of space matching and communication and coordination. function. A five-phoenix building with three halls and two horizontal halls has 5 patios and 9 halls. There are three patios and three halls on the central axis. There are patios and open halls on the central axis. You can see the bottom from the door. There is a patio between the two horizontal rooms and the central axis. There are small entrance hall, middle hall and side entrance hall respectively. The corridor inside the building is a cloister that connects all parts of the building and every room. There are three patios on the central axis of the building, and ground sheds can be erected on the patios of the two horizontal houses. There is ample room for red and white ceremonial activities, which is very convenient. Wufeng Building usually has about 30 rooms, as well as several kitchens and warehouses, and can accommodate more than ten households and hundreds of people. The larger one has more than 60 rooms and can accommodate more than 200 people.

The Wufeng Tower emphasizes decorative art, with carved beams and painted buildings, and is very exquisite. It is the most "luxurious" among all types of earth buildings. The beauty of its color and shape is widely praised by experts. Representative works of Wufeng Tower include the "Da Fu Di" in Fuling Village, Gaopi Township, Yongding, the "Fuyu Tower" in Hongkeng Village, Hukeng Township, and the "Yijing Tower" in Shangyang Village, etc. The most unique characteristic of earth buildings is their long construction period, which usually takes two or three years to complete. For larger ones, it may even take decades and generations of craftsmen’s hard work. The wood used must be 300 to 500 cubic meters. Because the earth walls are thick at the bottom and narrow at the top, they are solid and strong. They have good "three defenses" (windproof, waterproof, and earthquake proof). Some are also fireproof (three-ring earth walls are three fire sealing walls), especially their extraordinary earthquake resistance. It is amazing to see that almost all earth buildings have been tested by earthquakes of varying degrees and have survived unharmed. For example, the "Huanji Tower" in Hukeng Township, Yongding, built in 1693 AD, has experienced several earthquakes in the past 300 years. The big earthquake on the sixth day of the fourth lunar month in 1918 only cracked between the 3rd and 4th floors on the upper right side of the main entrance. A 50-centimeter-wide crack is 1.2 meters thick at the bottom of the round building wall structure. When it extends upward, it is slightly inclined inward and has a trapezoidal shape with strong centripetal force. Over the past 70 years, it has miraculously healed naturally, leaving only a crack one to two centimeters wide. In recent years, in order to avoid the inconvenience of people entering and exiting through one door, people have opened another small door in the "Fuxin Building" with the most "experience" in Yongding. They invited stonemasons to spend a lot of effort to dig with steel chisels for several days. Opened, the toughness of this three-piece earth wall can be seen from this. Another characteristic of earth building architecture is that the structure is extremely standardized and the rooms are of the same size. Most earth buildings have only one door for entry and exit, and there is a patio inside the building, which can store food for more than half a year. It is like a strong castle and is easy to prevent theft and banditry (in the old days, the Hakka people often suffered from bandits, so they built tall earth walls to prevent accidents. ). Because the walls are taller and thicker, they can not only prevent moisture and keep warm, but also insulate and cool down, which has many advantages. When the Hakka people built earthen buildings, they built the chimneys into the earthen walls to protect the kitchen from black smoke pollution and make it very clean. The construction of earth buildings is also a manifestation of the old Hakka people's belief in Feng Shui. According to superstition, there is a "road evil" on the road, a "stream evil" on the stream, and a "concave evil" at the exit. When building a square building, they thought that one corner would encounter "evil spirits", so they carved the words "Taishan Shigandang" on the corner stone to ward off evil spirits, or nailed wooden boards with gossip and characters on the corner of the building. , used to "control evil spirits". Round buildings have no corners, and it is said that "evil spirits" can slip away. Therefore, in order to avoid "evil spirits", most earth buildings after the Qing Dynasty were round. Generally speaking, it is obvious that the construction of earth buildings should be practical. Earth buildings are not only distinctive in architectural style, but the names of most earth buildings also have meaningful meanings. Yongding earth buildings may be named after their orientation, such as "Dongsheng Building" which faces east and west, which means the rising sun rises from the east; or they may be named after their owners, such as "Zhenfu Building", which was built solely by Su Zhenfu; or they may be named in memory of their ancestors. For example, the "Qingfu Tower", "Fuyu Tower", "Zhencheng Tower" and "Qingcheng Tower" built by the descendants of Lin Fucheng in Yongding are always inseparable from the words "Fu" and "Cheng"; or they are named after the natural environment. For example, "Wangfeng Tower" is named because it faces the Bijia Mountain Peak, and "Huanxing Tower" is named because it is surrounded by water on three sides and is shaped like a circular building; or it is named for blessings, such as "Songzhu Tower" and "Fifty Building" respectively take the meanings of "green bamboos and luxuriant pines" and "five winds and ten rains are auspicious"; or named to encourage future generations, such as "Jingxun Building" and "Chengqi Building"; or to start a business. For example, "Fuqiao Building" was built by Jiang's overseas Chinese, which means the lucky house of overseas Chinese. "Qunxing Building" was built because everyone raised funds, and it means that the group lives in prosperity; or it is named with a pun of praise or derogation, "Ru Sheng" "Lou", sitting east and facing west, is likened to the rising sun. Later generations also joked that it was as small as a meter rising. As an architectural form that Fujian Hakka people are proud of, earth buildings are a treasure among Fujian folk houses. At the same time, it also incorporates humanistic factors, which can be called the epitome of the tripartite combination of "heaven, earth, and man". Dozens of households and hundreds of people go to the first floor together, reflecting the Hakka family tradition of living together and living in harmony. Therefore, a history of earth buildings is a history of rural families. The descendants of Tulou can often tell the story of their family's origins without the need for a genealogy. In addition, local materials and the most common earth materials were used to build tall castles, turning the ordinary into magic and reflecting the Hakkas' ingenious creation in the process of conquering nature. After the 1960s, the construction of traditional earth buildings has basically stopped. Today, there are hundreds of earth buildings of various shapes preserved in western and southern Fujian. Among them, Yongding County and Nanjing County have the largest number, with more than 100 large and small earth buildings each. In Yongding, there are many Tulou squirrels in a few towns such as Hukeng and Guzhu. There are 54 in Hukeng Township alone; in Nanjing, they are mostly found in Shuyang, Meilin and other towns. Most of the earth buildings are well preserved and still inhabited. Mixed with ordinary residential buildings, the huge earth buildings stand out from the crowd and are particularly eye-catching. The "Chengqi Building" in Gaobei Village, Guzhu Township, Yongding County has frequently appeared in movies and TV shows. It has also been included in the "Chinese Dictionary of Scenic Places" and has become one of China's "Residences" stamps. With its unique round building specimen, it has made the reputation of "Yongding Earth Building" spread like wildfire and has become synonymous with Fujian Hakka Earth Building.

Discussion from the emotional circle 445,209 experts in the emotional field came and went to circle to see all 5 answers Visit the interesting attractions in Xiamen, Gulangyu Island, Yunshuiyao Ancient Town, Nanputuo Temple, Xiamen University, Zengcuo'an, Huandao Road, Jimei Mei Village... Xi'an Yinqiao International Travel Agency... Advertisement? "Must See" Xiamen Travel - Travel to Xiamen How to play guide and cost 2020 Xiamen tourism personal experience, super reliable and practical Xiamen tourist attractions, routes, food, accommodation guide, Xiamen tourism Xiamen classic and fun routes, how to visit Xiamen attractions? What are the must-see attractions in Xiamen? Which attractions to visit Book a ticket in advance? How much does it cost? Qingdao Baijiakang Network Technology.. Advertisement? All related questions and ads. Share one-day tour to Xiamen. All routes, attractions and accommodations are available. I have been to Xiamen twice. Before, I went with two people, and next. The whole family went there. I felt that those who went earlier were cheated and spent a lot of money, so I wrote this one-day trip to Xiamen. I hope it can help everyone. 572020-05-18 Introduction to Fujian Tulou Fujian Tulou is a star of Eastern civilization. Pearl, it is famous for its long history, wide variety of Fujian earth buildings, large scale, ingenious structure, complete functions and rich connotation. It has extremely high historical, artistic and scientific value and is known as the "Oriental Ancient Castle" and "World Architectural Wonder" , "a unique and fabulous mountain architectural model in the world". Earth building houses with unique styles are scattered in Yongding, Wuping, Shanghang in western Fujian and Nanjing, Pinghe, Hua'an, Zhangpu and other places in southwestern Fujian. Its shape, decoration and construction technology are rare in the world. Earth buildings are commonly known as "raw earth buildings". Because most of them were built by the Hakka people in Fujian, they are also called "Hakka earth buildings". It is made of raw soil as the main building material, mixed with fine sand, lime, glutinous rice, brown sugar, bamboo chips, wooden strips, etc., and is built by repeatedly kneading, pounding and pressing. The roof is covered with fire-heated tiles and will not be damaged for a long time. The earth building can be up to four or five stories high, allowing three or four generations to live together in the same building. The 46 Fujian earth buildings that have become world cultural heritage are composed of six groups with four floors, including the Chuxi Earth Building Group and Hongkeng Earth Building Group in Yongding County, Fujian Province, the Tianluokeng Earth Building Group and Hekeng Earth Building Group in Nanjing County, and the Dadi Group in Hua'an County. Tulou groups, etc., are mainly distributed in the high mountains in western and southern Fujian. They are famous for their unique architectural style and long history and culture. Not only are the most common round earth buildings, but they also include square earth buildings, chair-shaped earth buildings, etc., covering a complete architectural style of earth buildings. Fujian Tulou is a unique large-scale rammed earth residential building in mountainous areas in the world, a creative masterpiece of earthen architectural art. Fujian earth buildings originated in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and matured in the late Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. The oldest and youngest earth buildings among the World Heritage Earth Buildings are both in the Chuxi Earth Building Group. The Jiqing Building with a diameter of 66 meters is over 600 years old, and the Shanqing Building with a diameter of 31 meters is only 30 years old. The formation of Fujian earth buildings is related to several famous migrations of Han people in the Central Plains in history. During the Yongjia period of the Western Jin Dynasty, that is, the 4th century AD, there were frequent wars and natural disasters in the north. Local people migrated southward in large numbers, which kicked off the continuous migration of Han people from the Central Plains to Fujian for thousands of years. The immigrants from the Central Plains who entered southern Fujian merged with the local residents, forming the Hokki ethnic group characterized by the southern Fujian dialect; the Han people from the Central Plains who migrated to the mountainous areas of western Fujian through Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province formed another important ethnic group in Fujian - Hakka. Hakka ethnic group characterized by dialect. The mountainous area in southwestern Fujian where Fujian Tulou is located is the intersection of the Hokki and Hakka ethnic groups. The terrain is steep and sparsely populated. Once upon a time, wild beasts were infested and bandits were everywhere. Living together as a group is not only a requirement of the deep-rooted traditional Confucian concepts in the Central Plains, but also a practical need to gather strength and defend against foreign enemies. Fujian earth buildings are located on the mountain and have a reasonable layout. They absorb the "Feng Shui" concept of traditional Chinese architectural planning, adapt to the requirements of living and defense among ethnic groups, and skillfully make use of the narrow flat land in the mountains and local raw soil, wood, and Cobblestone and other building materials are a self-contained system of raw earth high-rise buildings that are economical, sturdy, highly defensive, and highly aesthetic. These unique mountain residential buildings push the time-honored earth ramming technology to its extreme. According to historical records, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7 cracked the wall of the Yongding Huanji Building by 20 centimeters, but it was able to recombine on its own. This shows the tenacity of Tulou. "Tulou is a primitive ecological green building." Huang Hanmin said. Tulou is warm in winter and cool in summer. It uses local materials and recycles them. In its most primitive form, it fully embodies the "latest concepts and highest standards of green buildings that people are pursuing today." Realm", "The construction of a new generation of green earth buildings should be highly valued." Fujian earth buildings are a colorful small society where ethnic groups live together. Yongding Chengqi Building has 384 rooms, and more than 800 people lived there at most. "Tulou is the most useful for building a harmonious society." Xu Songsheng said that when living in an earthlou, everyone will help each other and the neighbors will be harmonious. "Whether a child is filial or not will have a reputation, good learning, bad criticism, and play the role of educational restraint." Many Fujian earth buildings have perfect defensive functions. The outer wall is one to two meters thick, there are no windows on the first and second floors, and the only solid door once closed, the earthen building becomes an indestructible fortress. To prevent fire attacks, the door is equipped with a water and sand leakage device, so residents in the building can escape from the underground passage in an emergency. Today, the earth buildings are no longer fortresses, but the complete and exquisite defense facilities still amaze people. The thick Fujian earth buildings carry rich traditional culture.

The thought-provoking couplets and plaques, the private school that exists next to the building, and the educational murals all inspire the ideals of Tulou people in the past dynasties to "cultivate oneself and manage the family" and the pursuit of "stopping at perfection". Zhencheng Tower has a subtitled couplet that is highly praised: There is no leisure time to cheer up. When you are young, strong or old, you always have to work hard; becoming famous is not an easy task. Family affairs, state affairs, and world affairs should be concerned about everything. China's "Fujian Earth Buildings" were officially included in the World Heritage List at the 32nd World Heritage Conference held in Quebec City, Canada, on July 6, 2008. 5 View 1286 information about Fujian Tulou? Fujian earth buildings, including southern Fujian earth buildings and some Hakka earth buildings, total about 3,000. It usually refers to the large-scale residential and defensive buildings unique to southwestern Fujian, which are made of unprocessed raw soil and rammed earth-bearing walls. They are shaped like flying saucers in the sky and are scattered among the green mountains and green waters. The main distribution areas are in the mountainous areas of southwestern Fujian, China, at the junction of Fujian, Jiangxi, and Guangdong provinces where Hakkas and Hokkien people live together, including Zhangzhou City, where Hokkien people are the main people, and Longyan City, where Hokkien people and Hakka people are mixed. Fujian Tulou is a unique large-scale residential form in the world and is known as the treasure of traditional Chinese residential buildings. 5 Views 4272020-05-12 Introduction to Fujian Earth Buildings Fujian Earth Buildings are also called “Hakka Earth Buildings” because most of them were built by the Hakka people in Fujian. Earth buildings originated in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and matured in the late Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. It is a two-story building made of soil, wood, stone and bamboo as the main building materials, mixed with unbaked soil and a certain proportion of sandy clay and clayey sand, and rammed with sandwich panels. houses. Fujian Tulou includes Gaobei Tulou Group, Hongkeng Tulou Group, Chuxi Tulou Group, Yanxiang Tower and Zhenfu Tower in Yongding County, Fujian Province; Tianluokeng Tulou Group, Hekeng Tulou Group, Guilou and Huaiyuan Tower in Nanjing County , the Dadi Earth Building Group in Hua'an County. Among them, Eryi Building is located in Dadi Village, Xiandu Town, Hua'an County. It is an outstanding representative of the ancient folk houses of Yuanshi Building in my country. It is known as the "King of Earth Buildings" and "Treasure of the Country". It is known for its large scale, scientific design, reasonable layout, and It is well-preserved and well-known, and is a national key cultural relic protection unit. As an architectural form that Fujian Hakka people are proud of, Fujian Earth Building is a treasure among Fujian folk houses. At the same time, it also incorporates humanistic elements, which can be called the epitome of the three-dimensional combination of "heaven, earth, and people". Dozens of households and hundreds of people share the first floor, reflecting the Hakka family tradition of living together and living in harmony. Therefore, a history of earth buildings is a history of rural families. The descendants of Tulou can often tell the story of their family's origins without the need for a genealogy. On July 6, 2008, it was officially included in the World Heritage List at the 32nd World Heritage Conference held in Quebec City, Canada. 9 Views 2302017-08-29 Introduction to Fujian Tulou? Fujian earth buildings, including southern Fujian earth buildings and some Hakka earth buildings, total about 3,000. It usually refers to the large-scale residential and defensive buildings unique to southwestern Fujian, which are made of unprocessed raw soil and rammed earth-bearing walls. They are shaped like flying saucers in the sky and are scattered among the green mountains and green waters. The main distribution areas are in the mountainous areas of southwestern Fujian, China, at the junction of Fujian, Jiangxi, and Guangdong provinces where Hakkas and Hokkien people live together, including Zhangzhou City, where Hokkien people are the main people, and Longyan City, where Hokkien people and Hakka people are mixed. Fujian Tulou is a unique large-scale residential form in the world and is known as the treasure of traditional Chinese residential buildings. 12 views 1085 Introducing the history and humanistic customs of Fujian’s earth buildings! History of Fujian Earth Buildings: Fujian Earth Buildings were first built in the Tang Dynasty, and the existing ones are mainly those built from the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty to the 1970s. Yongding is the birthplace of earth buildings. It is said that the Nanjing earth buildings built later were also built by masters from Yongding. The earth buildings in Yongding are mainly round buildings and square buildings. The round buildings are the most representative in architecture and the most attractive in plastic arts. Among the high mountains and ridges, Yuanzhai stands out like a foreign object. The huge circular shape echoes the sky, and the simple loess wall is so close to the earth. Architecturally, Yuanzhai cleverly uses its cylindrical structure to evenly transmit loads. The walls are embedded with tough materials such as bamboo slices and wooden strips, so it has good earthquake resistance. There is no record of earth building collapse due to earthquakes. The Yuanzhai Tulou also uses its one-meter-thick earth wall to form a microclimate zone inside the Yuanzhai, which can not only ensure warmth in winter and coolness in summer, but also maintain the humidity inside the village. Of course, the most important role of Yuanzhai is to resist foreign enemies. In the long history, this area once belonged to the area of ??Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong. Hakka people were often attacked by bandits and Japanese pirates, and there were also frequent armed conflicts between families with different surnames. occur. The harsh living environment forced the Hakka people to build a fortress that was easy to defend but difficult to attack, and lived together in groups to protect their lives. This is how the Hakka earth buildings were born.

Therefore, when it comes to resisting foreign enemies, the old people always have endless things to say about "the enemy is long-lasting"