History of Cangnan Jinxiang:
Jinxiang Town now belongs to Cangnan County, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province. According to the records of Cangnan County, today's Cangnan was the land of the Ou people of Dongyue in the Spring and Autumn Period. During the Warring States Period, it belonged to Yue first and then to Chu. In the Qin Dynasty, it belonged to central Fujian. From the Han Dynasty to the Jin and Kang Dynasties, it successively belonged to the Minyue Kingdom, the jurisdiction of the Donghai King, and counties such as Huipu, Zhang'an, Kangning, Luoyang, Anyang, and Angu. After the fourth year of Taikang (283), except for a short period of time when it belonged to Angu and Yongjia, it all belonged to Pingyang County. Pingyang was originally named Shiyang, and later was called Hengyang. It was renamed Pingyang in the fourth year of Liang Qianhua (914).
In the 20th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1387), the city wall was built and the Jinxiang Guard was installed. It was an important coastal defense area in southern Zhejiang and had three jurisdictions: Pumen, Zhuangshi and Shayuan. The name of Jinxiang town was first seen in Pingyang County Chronicles of Longqing (1567-1572) of the Ming Dynasty. In the 18th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1661), coastal residents such as Jinxiang moved more than ten miles inland. In the ninth year of Kangxi (1670), the boundaries of Jinxiang were restored, and residents from Lu moved back. In the third year of Xuantong (1911), it was renamed Jinzhen Township. In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), it was called Jinxiang Town. It belonged to the Fourth District in the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), it belonged to Jiangnan District in June of the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), it belonged to Yishan District in the 29th year of the Republic of China, it belonged to Jiangnan District in the 36th year of the Republic of China (1947), and in 1950 May belongs to Jinxiang District. In March 1958, it was called the management area, and in September of the same year it was renamed the brigade, which belongs to the Jinxiang People's Commune. In January 1962, it was renamed People's Commune and belonged to Jinxiang District. In February 1984, Jinxiang Town was established, administering the six townships of Dayu, Shiping, Yanting, Huli, Laocheng and Suburban. In February 1985, it belonged to Jinxiang District. In February 1987, it became a town directly under the county, with jurisdiction over three offices: Huli, Old City and Suburban. In 2005, it governed 4 offices in the urban area, suburbs, old city, and Huli, and 61 administrative villages. The total number of households in the town is 20,022, with a population of 73,105.
In 2011, the organizational structures of Yanting Town, Dayu Town, and Shiping Township were abolished, and their administrative areas were merged into Jinxiang Town. After adjustment, Jinxiang Town has jurisdiction over 7 residential areas and 79 administrative villages. The town government was originally located on Yingxu Road, but was later partially moved to Wuyi Village due to construction reasons.
Jinxiang is close to the sea. In ancient times, it was an ocean. Later, as the coastline moved outward, it gradually emerged from the water. The first one to surface was Yingling (today's Shishan). During the construction of the city in the seventeenth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1384), a stele discovered contained the prophecy that "the earth originally came from the sea", which also accurately and artistically described the vicissitudes of nature.
Jinxiang was called Yingzhou in ancient times. Yingzhou was within the scope of the "Hengyu Shiptun" where Zhou Yu trained the navy during the Three Kingdoms period, and was a "Huipu area". "Xiaojin Township" emerged in the late Tang Dynasty. 250 years later, in the third year of Zhao Jianyan (1129), Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, Jinzhou Township was established and belonged to Pingyang County. As for why it is called Jinzhou Township, some people say that when Jinzhou Township emerged from the sea, there were sunken shipwrecks with gold and silver jewelry attached; some people think that it is because there are Jinzi Mountain and Fuchuan Mountain to the south of Jinzhou Township, each with its own character. . From the rise and fall of Yongquan Temple, the stone horses in Huangni'ao, the funerary ornaments of Shi Wengzhong and the cliff carvings in Meiling, it can be seen that merchants gathered in the area from the late Tang to the Song Dynasty and gradually prospered. During the Three Kingdoms period, the Jinxiang area belonged to "Luoyang County". In the 20th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1894), villagers from Jingtou Village, Yunyan Township, were digging a tomb at the foot of the mountain and found "Zhu Man's wife's land", which was made of stone and had words engraved on it. "莂" is the ancient term for "contract" and "contract", which is the land deed for Zhu Man to buy the land to bury his deceased wife. Zhu Man was the Lijie Captain in the fourth year of Xiankang of Jin Dynasty (294). It can be inferred that he was stationed near Jingtou Ben at that time. Whale Head is only more than 30 miles away from Jinxiang. It can be seen that people were already living in this area during the Jin Dynasty. In addition, a survey in June 1997 discovered a group of ancient stone shed tombs in Tongqiao Village, Qianku Town. Dolmens, also known as dolmen, generally appeared from the late Neolithic to the early Iron Age. This proves that long before the Shang and Zhou dynasties, ancestors had lived and multiplied in the Jiangnan area, tracing the history of the surrounding areas of Jinxiang back to ancient times for thousands of years. As for the current Jinxiang City, there is no written record of whether it was hit by sea water or submerged from time to time at that time.
In the reign of Emperor Chen of the Zhenming Dynasty (587-589), the "Jin'ao Temple" was built in Lingfeng, the northern suburb of Jinxiang. It is also known as the Wai Temple. It is the earliest temple in Jinxiang with written records; According to county records during the Qianlong period, Lingyun Temple (commonly known as the East Temple) was built in Lingfeng during the Xiantong period of the Tang Dynasty (860-874). Jinxiang Meifeng Yongquan Temple and "Sigu Ping Nunnery" were built in the second year of Yuanfeng (1079) in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is said that there were "1,000 monks and 800 nuns" in history and they were famous at their peak. , and later burned down during the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. Recently, it has been rebuilt to protect historical relics. When the ancient tombs were moved, the burned bones were found, which can be used as physical evidence of "burning in one day". It can be seen that some of the higher-lying areas around Jinxiang were successively inhabited during the Shang, Zhou, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, and were quite prosperous by the Song Dynasty. The cliff carvings of Ma Xianggong on the Meifeng Ancient Road conclusively prove that many merchants passed by at that time.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, townships and capitals were established below the county level. From the late Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, relevant writings such as epigraphy and stone inscriptions have been found in "Jinzhou Township", which is affiliated to Pingyang County, which is the origin of the name "Jinxiang". As for why it is called "Jinzhou Township", it is said that when the Jinxiang area emerged from the sea, there were sunken shipwrecks with gold and silver jewelry attached; some people also speculate that there are Jinzi Mountain and Fuchuan Mountain to the south of "Jinzhou Township", each with its own word. And got its name.
In the 20th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1387), Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, ordered Tang He, the Duke of Xin, to build a fort in Jinzhou Township in order to resist the invasion of Japanese pirates. The city was renamed Jinxiang Guard.
In the 18th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1661), the imperial court implemented the policy of "banning sea and moving boundaries". Residents in the Pumen area of ??Jinxiang moved ten miles inward, with yew trees as the boundary. All the coastal houses outside the boundary were burned down, and all residents moved from outside the boundary to inside the boundary. Where they were relocated, mourning was everywhere, and all the benefits of fishing and salt were lost. In the ninth year of Kangxi (1670), the imperial court ordered the "Zhanjie Exhibition", restored Jinxiang and other outlying areas, and called Jinxiang Wei "Jinxiang Village". Later, during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, there was Li Geng's "Picture Notes of Jinzhen". It can be seen that in the Qing Dynasty, there was no name "Jinxiang Town".
During the Republic of China, the title of "Jinxiang Town" began to exist, and it remained basically unchanged until the founding of the People's Republic of China. In 1981, "Pingyang County" was analyzed and "Cangnan County" was newly established, and Jinxiang Town was affiliated to "Cangnan County".
There are many fishing ports in Jinxiang Town from north to east to south to west, including Bafang, Yanting, Shiping, Dayu and Xiaoyu. Eel fry, prawns, anchovies, crickets, croakers, swimming crabs, etc. are all available, and even the most valuable yellow-lipped fish (commonly known as yellow-lip fish) sometimes appears in the wet market (now extremely rare). There are also fresh and delicious seafood on the tidal flats such as razor clams, clams, jumping fish, rock milk, and yellow mud snails. Common folk sayings such as "cooked jumping fish and dried vegetables" and "clear water crickets crawling on the vegetable basket" are true reflections of the abundance of seafood.
Jinxiang is a famous historical city that resisted Japanese aggression. Although the climax of the Anti-Japanese War started during the Jiajing period in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, its representative was Qi Jiguang. The prologue is in the Hongwu period in the early Ming Dynasty, and its representative figure is Tang He. Tang He preceded Qi Jiguang by more than 160 years.
The anti-Japanese war was a long-term war that lasted for centuries and was a major event that cannot be ignored in the history of our country.
From the fourteenth century to the seventeenth century, the samurai who failed in Japan's domestic melee became pirates. With the support of some feudal lords and temple landlords, they colluded with our country's local tyrants, gangsters, and pirates, and frequently Smuggling and robbery have become a major scourge for the people along our coast.
Looking from history books, there are records of Japanese pirate invasions as early as the early Ming Dynasty, especially in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Among them, in the three or four years after the 31st year of Jiajing, dozens of soldiers and civilians in Jiangsu and Zhejiang were killed. Thousands of people. Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Fujian are the most severely affected coastal areas, with Shandong and Guangdong also being affected.
Facing the invasion of Japanese pirates, the soldiers and civilians along the coast rose up to resist the Japanese, performed scenes of mighty and tragic dramas, and finally won the final victory.
In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, there were two completely different attitudes among the upper-class figures in the court towards the invasion of foreign enemies. One is to resist resolutely out of national justice, such as Tang He. The other type attempts to use external hostile forces to serve their own selfish interests and political intrigues. The then left prime minister Hu Weiyong is an example. Hu Weiyong's shameful act of luring the wolf into the house further highlights Tang He's awe-inspiring righteousness in resisting the Japanese.
The Jinxiang Acropolis designed and built under the supervision of Xin Guogong Tanghe has two major characteristics: first, it is military and defensive; second, it is based on Liu Ji’s "Bagua Universe layout" when he built the Forbidden City in Nanjing.
Zhu Hongwu's policy for establishing the country after the founding of the People's Republic of China was Zhu Sheng's nine-character strategic national policy of "building walls high, accumulating grain widely, and slowly becoming king". It was also Zhu Yuanzhang's order to Tang He to "border the sea and set up defenses", and set up 50 troops along the coast of Zhejiang. The historical background of the Nine Guards. The layout of the Forbidden City in Nanjing is exactly the same as that of Jinxiang, which is the layout of Liu Ji's Bagua City. Nanjing has "Xuanwu Gate" and "Xuanwu Lake", which are named after the "Qinglong, Suzaku, White Tiger, Xuanwu" in the Eight Diagrams.
So, the "Jutian River" in Jinxiang has been transformed into a pond. It implies fire protection and also follows the purpose of Jinxiang being the Bagua City.
It has been more than 600 years since the ancient town of Jinxiang was founded as a city in 1387, the 20th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty. After the turmoil of the times, the Acropolis once became a wilderness due to the relocation of borders from ten miles away during the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. During the later Kangxi period, the "Zhanjie" was rebuilt and the main building was gradually restored.
In the seventeenth year of Hongwu (1384), Emperor Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty ordered Xin Guogong Tang He to build a guard and build a city in Jinzhou Township, which was renamed Jinxiang Guard. The Jinxiang Guards of the Ming Dynasty commanded all Shuiluguan Village in Pingyang County, extending to Pumen and Zhuangshi Qianhusuo in the south; to Shayuan (now part of Ruian), Ningcun (now part of Ouhai), and Hai'an (now part of Yueqing) in the north. Thousand households.
Jinxiang Guards has eleven villages and fifteen forts.
The eleven villages are: Miaohou Village, Yumen Village, Bafu Village, Dayao Village, Yanting Village, Dawo Village, Xiaowo Village, Shitang Village, Shiping Village, Dayu Village Village, small fishing village.
The fifteen forts are: Bantang fort, Jianshan fort, Baiqi fort, Maji fort, Fenghuang fort, Heritou fort, Shangyang fort, Biwan fort, Donggang fort, Lingmen fort, Dongshan 堠, Mengwan 堠, Lantou 堠, Bayongshan 堠, Dianshan 堠.
There are many piers under the boundary. For example, the existing ancient Yandun Mountain in Dayudun Mountain is located on the top of Dunshan Mountain in Xiao'ao Village, Dayu Town. It is about 250 meters above sea level. It was an anti-Japanese alarm facility in the Ming Dynasty. It covers an area of ??100 square meters and is about 7 meters high. It has a great view of the sea and the sky. For spectacular. It is basically intact and is a precious object of the anti-Japanese struggle in the Ming Dynasty. In 1988, it was listed as the second batch of cultural relics protection units in Cangnan County.
The Jinxiang Guard City Wall has a circumference of 9 miles and 30 steps, totaling more than 1,420 feet, a wall height of 1.9 feet, a toe thickness of 2 feet, 1,650 battlements, and 43 nests. There are four city gates: Yingxu Gate in the east, Jinghai Gate in the south, Laishang Gate in the west, and Wangjing Gate in the north. Each has a tower. There were originally four water gates, but now two remain. The city structure is made of irregular stone barriers, with loess and gravel packed inside.
Due to historical changes, only part of the city base, the north and west city gates, the south and west water gates, and Kuixing Pavilion above the west water gate remain. There is a complete moat 30 to 50 meters wide outside the city wall. The small river in the city is connected to the moat through the water gate. There is a suspension bridge over the moat.
In front of the inner guard hall of the Acropolis, there are Guangji Dacang and Xiaocang, totaling more than 20 rooms, which are used to collect and disburse the guard's salary. The Wei Hall is located on Wei Mountain (i.e. Lion Mountain) and has a lookout, which overlooks Haiphong in the distance and is close to the warehouse. There is also a land temple in front of and behind the warehouse, which means that the father-in-law of the land will protect the warehouse and keep it safe and sound.
It has a history of hundreds of years from the beginning of Jinzhou Township to the construction of Jinxiang Guards. The construction and protection of the city has a history of more than 600 years. By moving the boundary ten miles away, "all the benefits of fishing and salt are lost", which has a great destructive effect on economic development. After the "Exhibition of the World" in the ninth year of Kangxi's reign, the people of Jinxiang gradually restored their livelihoods and were mainly engaged in agriculture, commerce, handicrafts and fishery.
In terms of agriculture, natural disasters in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, such as strong winds and rains, or floods and sea overflows, caused people's struggle against nature to focus on building embankments and steep gates.
In the eighth year of Xiaochunxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1181), Lin Zhongyi, the 22nd capital of Jinzhou Township, Xiakou, presided over the construction of the "Wuyu steep gate". This is the earliest steep gate that can be tested, and it is located in the northeast of Lingfeng. , the foothills of Wuyu Mountain south of Ma'anshan. There is also an inscription engraved on the rocks of Wuyu Mountain: "The mausoleum valley has changed, and the sea has changed; people use their intelligence to return to their heaven. The water that flows down becomes the abyss, and the water that flows through becomes the river; it nourishes the people, and it lasts for thousands of years." Twenty-seven Years later, the county magistrate Wang Jiliang and Lin Juya, son of Lin Zhongyi, built the famous Yinjun Doumen, which had a far-reaching influence. In order to commemorate them, the local people built the "Yinyun Temple" and erected a statue of Wang Jiliang to worship them.
Lin Juya inherited his father's wish and sacrificed his home to build embankments to prevent salt tide and waterlogging, creating good conditions for farming and laying the foundation for the agricultural development in the Jiangnan region.
In the more than 600 years of history after the city wall was built, Jinxiang was a town based on agriculture for a long time, with "workers, farmers, merchants, students, and soldiers" all present. The original fertile fields of the farmers in the city are all around the outside of the city. However, due to the large number of people and the lack of land, many residents in the city are engaged in other industries in addition to farming.