Kiev ①City name: Kiev, the capital of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Ки?в; Russian: Ки?ев), is located in north-central Ukraine, on the middle reaches of the Dnieper River.
It is the capital, economic and cultural center of Ukraine.
It is located on both sides of the middle reaches of the Dnieper River and near the confluence of its largest tributaries, the Pripyat River and the Desna River.
With an area of ??782 square kilometers and a population of approximately 2.6 million, the city is divided into 10 administrative districts.
The terrain in the west of the city is high and high, while the east is low, flat and wide.
It has a mild continental climate.
historical.
Founded in the second half of the 5th century, it served as the capital and center of the first Russian state, Kievan Rus, from the 9th to the 13th century, and is known as the "Mother of Russian Cities".
Incorporated into Russia in 1793.
It has been a trade hub since ancient times.
At the end of the 19th century, it became an important commercial city and beet sugar production center in southwestern Russia.
In 1934, the capital of Ukraine was moved here from Kharkiv.
It was occupied by German troops during World War II.
After post-war reconstruction, the industrial base continued to expand.
The city is close to the Donbass and steel bases along the Dnieper River, and is surrounded by fertile agricultural areas where machinery manufacturing and light industry are developed.
There are many categories of machinery manufacturing industry, most of which are related to the transportation industry, as well as machine tools, instruments, chemicals and machinery, etc.
Light industries include cameras, food, knitted goods, etc.
The chemical industry and printing and publishing industries are also well developed.
It is the transportation hub of Ukraine.
There is an international airport in the eastern suburbs, direct river transportation to the Black Sea, and a subway in the city.
The city is divided into 10 administrative districts.
The city center is located in the Old Town on a high bank, with the Dnieper River meandering through it.
It retains the old street pattern and has most of the city's historical buildings, including the Sophia Cathedral, which is famous for its murals, the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery, the Widubitsk Monastery and the Andreev Church.
The north side of the old city was originally the trading and Jewish quarter, with a river port behind it.
The south side is where government agencies are located.
The central area is surrounded by industrial and residential suburbs.
There are roads and railway bridges connecting the two sides of the river.
The city has higher education institutions such as Kyiv University, many scientific research institutions, as well as museums and art galleries.
Kiev has a long cultural tradition and outstanding achievements in medical and cybernetic research.
The city has 20 colleges and universities and more than 200 scientific research institutions, as well as nearly 300 middle schools, 80 adult night schools and many professional and technical schools.
The most famous institution of higher learning is the National University of Kiev. It was founded on September 16, 1834. It is the highest institution of higher education in Ukraine and has 20,000 students.
In the 1950s, there were many Chinese students at Kiev University.
In 1999, more than 150 Chinese students studied here.
Kiev's welfare facilities include general and specialized hospitals, kindergartens, sanatoriums and children's holiday camps. It also has more than 1,000 libraries, nearly 30 museums and former residences of historical celebrities.
City History: In 822 AD, the first Russian nation-state Kievan Rus was established in Kiev, Ukraine.
In 988, the city converted to Orthodox Christianity. In the next two centuries, it gradually prospered through Eurasian trade and was known as the "City of Kings" on the Dnieper River.
In 1240, Genghis Khan's grandson Batu and his Mongolian expeditionary force captured Kiev, which later became an important city in the Kipchak Khanate.
In 1362, the principality of Lithuania from the west invaded; in 1569, it was ceded to Poland; in 1686, it returned to Russia.
In the early 19th century, the Russian tsar was determined to develop industry, and Kiev became the leading city in Ukraine; in the 1960s, it was connected to Moscow and Odessa by railway.
The Russian October Revolution was successful in 1917, and Kiev became the capital of the independent Ukrainian state the following year.
In 1941, the Soviet army retreated and was occupied by Nazi Germany.
In 1943, Soviet troops returned to liberate Kiev.
After World War II, the Soviet government awarded Kiev the title of "Heroic City" and the Order of Gold Star and the Order of Lenin to commend the city's people for their bravery and sacrifice in the war.
In 1991, riots broke out in Kiev, Ukraine gained independence from the Soviet Union, and the city became the capital of Ukraine.