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I want to know what traditional festivals there are in the East: China and Britain had better respond urgently.
◎ Spring Festival (the first day of the first month):

The original meaning of Spring Festival and New Year comes from agriculture. In ancient times, people called the growth cycle of the valley "year". Hebe: "In, the grain was ripe." . During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, the Xia calendar came into being, with the full and short moon as the month, and a year was divided into twelve months. Every month, the day when the moon is not seen is the new moon, and the first day of the first month is called the first year of the year, which is also called the first year of the year. The title of the year began in the Zhou Dynasty and was officially set in the Western Han Dynasty and continues to this day. However, the first day of the first month in ancient times was called "New Year's Day". Until the victory of the Revolution of 1911 in modern China, in order to conform to the farming season and facilitate statistics, the Nanjing Provisional Government stipulated that people should use the summer calendar, and organs, factories, mines, schools and organizations should implement the Gregorian calendar, with January 1st of the Gregorian calendar as New Year's Day and the first day of the first lunar month as the Spring Festival.

◎ Shen Lu's birthday (1 5th):

On the fifth day of January, "Reuters God" was the god of wealth believed by Emperor Wu. It is customary to take this day as his birthday, and it is quite spectacular to meet him in the sun.

"Road head" is also called "Five Road God". It is said that at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there was a five-way road that died to resist foreign invaders, so people worshipped him as a god and named him "Five-way God". But this "five-way god" seems to have nothing to do with the "five-way god" as the god of wealth. Or "Five-way God" is actually "Five-way God" or "Five-way God". After Tang Bin destroyed the Wu Tong Temple in the Kangxi period, people were afraid to worship the "Five-Road God", so they changed their names to "Road Head" to worship it. Generally, this "road head" is regarded as the "god of walking" in the ancient five sacrifices, and the so-called five roads are also in the east, west, north and south; Wealth and goods go along the road, so people regard walking as a god of wealth, and they are willing to offer sacrifices when traveling, hoping that it will attract money or profit. The ancients went out to travel and sacrificed to the road gods for peace, which is the custom of "ancestral way"; When witchcraft meets the road head, it is also the road god who sacrifices, and this road god has become the god of wealth because of the development of commerce and the intensification of commodity circulation. Wealth and goods travel between land and water, and people intuitively think that roads dominate wealth and goods in the dark.

It is said that the sooner you meet the road, the better. The first one you receive is the true god, which is particularly effective, so it is called "robbing the road". In some places, the fourth day of the first month is really "grabbing the road", which has become a custom. Because the road god is no longer the protector of the journey, people no longer sacrifice it when traveling.

As for people who worship the Road God on the fifth day of January and take this day as their birthday, it is the reason why the "Five" of the Road God is related to the "Five" of the fifth day. The same is true for the North to offer sacrifices to the "five poor" on this day. In the first month, rather than other months, it is the atmosphere of the New Year. It is auspicious, rich in financial resources, and wealth goes hand in hand in five aspects.

◎ Lantern Festival (15th day of the first month):

Lantern Festival is a traditional festival in China, which began in the Western Han Dynasty more than two thousand years ago. Oriental Lantern Festival viewing began in the period of Emperor Han Ming. Ming Di advocates Buddhism. He heard that on the fifteenth day of the first month, monks watched the relics, lit lanterns to worship Buddha, and let all the gentry and ordinary people hang lanterns. Later, this Buddhist ceremonial festival gradually formed a grand folk festival. This festival has experienced the development process from the court to the people and from the Central Plains to the whole country.

Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty ordered the 15th day of the first month to be designated as the Lantern Festival. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the sacrificial activities of "Taiyi God" were scheduled for the 15th day of the first month. Taiyi: the God who rules the universe. When Sima Qian founded the "taichu calendar Law", he had identified the Lantern Festival as a major festival.

Another way of saying this is that the custom of burning lanterns in the Lantern Festival originated from the "ternary theory" of Taoism. The fifteenth day of the first month is Shangyuan Festival, the fifteenth day of July is Zhongyuan Festival, and the fifteenth day of October is Xiayuan Festival. The officials in charge of the upper, middle and lower elements are heaven, earth and man respectively, and the celestial officials are happy, so the Lantern Festival should be lit.

The festivals and customs of Lantern Festival have been extended and expanded with the development of history. As far as the length of festivals is concerned, there is only one day in Han Dynasty, three days in Tang Dynasty and five days in Song Dynasty. In the Ming dynasty, the lights were on from the eighth day of August to the seventeenth night of the first month, lasting for ten days. Connected with the Spring Festival, the city is very lively during the day, and the lights are on at night, which is spectacular. Especially the exquisite and colorful lights make it the climax of entertainment activities during the Spring Festival. In the Qing Dynasty, there were more "hundred operas", such as dragon dancing, lion dancing, boating, walking on stilts and yangko dancing, but the festival period was shortened to four to five days.

◎ Lantern Festival (25th day of the first month):

The 25th day of the first month is a festival for the Han people to symbolize a bumper harvest in the new year, commonly known as the "Valley Irrigation Festival".

The "Warehouse Filling Festival" is also called "Tiancang Festival" because "filling" and "heaven" are homophonic. There are two kinds of warehouses in Xiaotian. The 20th day of the first month is Xiaotian Festival, and the 25th day of the first month is the traditional folk festival "God's Day". Some people say that Tiancang Festival is a day for offering sacrifices to the stars, while others say it is a day for offering sacrifices to the land or grinding the gods.

The so-called warehouse filling is to fill the barn. At the dawn of this day, every household uses screened cooking ash to extract different grain depot shapes in their own yard or threshing floor, and puts some whole grains in them, symbolizing a bumper harvest. According to folklore, the replenishment on the 25th day of the first month is to commemorate a kind and anonymous warehouse official.

◎ The first month is gloomy;

The last day of each month in the lunar calendar is called dark day, and there is no moon on this day. The dark day of the first month has always been paid special attention to by our ancestors, and it has always been regarded as a festival, called "dark day" or "dark day of the first month". In the Tang Dynasty, the dark day of the first month, together with March 3rd and September 9th, became a grand festival. During the three seasons, scholars and women go boating and have a grand banquet on the seashore. The emperor also rewarded his ministers and hundreds of officials.

The first month of the lunar calendar is also closely related to the custom of "sending the poor". The custom of sending the poor originated from the legend about the "poor god" (that is, the poor ghost) "Four Seasons Treasures" records: "The son of Levin died in the darkness of the first month. It is a wish to make the world a mess and abandon rags, and it is also a day to get rid of poverty. " Levin's family, Zhuan Xu, the legendary leader of the Yanhuang Alliance, said in "Wenzong Beiwen": "In the past, a son was born in the palace, and his clothes could not be finished, so we made new clothes with him. That is, the crack is penetrated by fire, and the size of the palace is medium. Later, he died on the dark day of the first month and was buried by the imperial secretary. They all said,' I want to send a poor child today'. "

◎ Zhonghe Festival (February 1st):

The first day of February is the Zhonghe Festival, which was established in the Tang Dynasty and recorded accurately, but later ceased to exist. But people still celebrate the new moon in February, which is the birthday of the sun. Folk believe that the first day of the second lunar month is the birthday of Sun Xingjun, the sun god. Out of the worship of the sun god and the need of agricultural production, people worship the sun star king. This custom originated in ancient times, when there were national ceremonies to worship the sun at the vernal equinox and the moon at the autumnal equinox. Sun cakes, also known as "Sun Chicken Cake", are usually used to offer sacrifices to the sun Xing Jun, because it is said that there are cocks (or crows) in the sun. The custom of offering sacrifices to the sun was particularly popular in Qing dynasty, and sun cakes became a festival.

Spring club day:

Spring is a day for offering sacrifices to the land gods. There was no fixed date in ancient times, and the dates chosen in the pre-Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties were different. Since the Song Dynasty, the fifth day after beginning of spring has been regarded as a social day.

The Spring Festival is on the first day of the second month of the lunar calendar, offering sacrifices to the land gods and praying for a bumper harvest. People are used to drinking Zhonghe wine and Yichun wine, saying that it can treat ear diseases, so people also call it "the wine for treating deafness". In Song Dynasty, Jae-Il Lee wrote in a poem: "Social people are not in the mood today, so he wants a bottle of wine for the deaf. Disturbed Yutang will want to pass and patrol vaguely to the third hall. "

◎ Spring Festival (second day of February):

According to folklore, the second day of February in the lunar calendar is the day when the Dragon King, who is in charge of heavenly sex, looks up. From then on, the rain will gradually increase. Therefore, this day is called "Spring Festival". It is widely circulated in northern China that "on February 2nd, the dragon looked up; The big warehouse is full and the small warehouse is flowing. " Folk proverbs.

◎ Flower Festival:

Flower Festival is also called "Picking Vegetables Festival". Traditional festivals of Han nationality. Popular in Northeast China, North China, East China, Central South and other places. It is held on the second day of the second lunar month, and there is also the Lantern Festival on 10/2 and 15. During the festival, people go to the suburbs to enjoy flowers together, which is called "outing". Girls cut five-color paper and stick it on the branches of flowers, which is called "enjoying the red". There are also customs such as "wearing lion flowers" and "putting magic lanterns" in various places.

◎ Cold Food Festival:

One hundred and five days after the winter solstice, and one or two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. According to legend, this festival is to commemorate the spring and autumn festivals.

◎ Qingming:

The traditional Tomb-Sweeping Day in China began in the Zhou Dynasty and has a history of more than 2,500 years. Tomb-Sweeping Day was originally a very important solar term. As soon as Qingming arrives, the temperature rises, which is a good time for spring ploughing and planting. Therefore, there is a saying that "melons and beans are planted before and after the Qingming Festival". The agricultural proverb "Planting trees is not as clear as Qingming". Later, as the days of Qingming and cold food approached, cold food was a day when people were forbidden to burn fire to sweep graves. Gradually, cold food and Qingming became one, and cold food became another name for Qingming and a custom in Qingming period. On Qingming Day, there were no fireworks, only cold food.

◎ Shangsi Festival (the third day of March):

Shangsi Festival is an ancient traditional festival in China, commonly known as March 3rd. Before the Han dynasty, it was designated as the third day of March, and later as the third day of March in the summer calendar. "Shangsi" first appeared in the literature of the early Han Dynasty. Zhou Li Zheng Xuan Note: "When I was old, I was removed from the list, but now March is like water." According to records, Shangsi Festival was popular in the Spring and Autumn Period. Shangsi Festival is the most important festival in ancient times. "The Analects of Confucius": "In late spring, the spring clothes have been finished, the champions are five or six, and the boys are six or seven. They are bathed in seven interpretations, and the wind dances back with the song. " It is written about the situation at that time.

Ancient Shangsi Festival activities:

Except for taking a shower and fixing the car.

Running water is a festival for literati to feast, recite poems and compose poems by the water. The most famous is the Lanting Club of Wang Xizhi.

Sacrifice to Gao Qing, the god who manages marriage and childbirth.

Spring outing is an excellent opportunity for young men and women to fall in love, and at this time, they can't help having sex. It was not extinct in modern times, and it was recorded in Good County Governance.

After the Song Dynasty, the custom of Shangsi Festival gradually declined.

Long summer festival:

The Long Summer Festival is in summer. In ancient times, there was a ceremony of "Long summer, welcoming summer in the southern suburbs, and offering sacrifices to Zhu Rong, Chi Di". In modern times, people have a habit of tasting new things and measuring people. On this day, people roast cooked wheat and barley ears on the fire to enjoy the freshness of new wheat. Or weigh people with scales to pray. During the long summer festival, people are forbidden to sit on the threshold. Many people are also used to measuring a year's harvest with cloudy eyes in summer, thinking that it is best to rain when it rains in long summer, otherwise it will be "if it doesn't rain in long summer, drought will come to wheat" and "if it doesn't rain in long summer, the plow will hang high".

◎ Dragon Boat Festival (the fifth day of May):

The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is a traditional folk festival in China-Dragon Boat Festival, which is one of the ancient traditional festivals of China people. The Dragon Boat Festival is also called Dragon Boat Festival and Duanyang. In addition, there are many nicknames for the Dragon Boat Festival, such as: Noon Festival, Chongwu Festival, May Festival, Magnolia Festival, Daughter's Day, Tianzhong Festival, Dila Festival, Poet's Day and Dragon Festival. Although the names are different, on the whole, the customs of people everywhere are more similar than different.

Celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival has been a traditional habit of China people for more than two thousand years. Because of its vast territory, numerous nationalities, stories and legends, not only many different festival names have been produced, but also different customs have been found in different places. Its contents mainly include: the daughter returns to her parents' home, hangs a statue of Zhong Kui, greets the ghost boat, hides in the afternoon, sticks afternoon leaves, hangs calamus and wormwood, swims in all diseases, wears sachets, prepares sacrificial bowls, races dragon boats, contests, hits the ball, swings, paints the children with realgar, drinks realgar wine and calamus wine, eats poisonous cakes, salted eggs, zongzi and seasonal fresh fruits. Some activities, such as dragon boat racing, have made new progress, breaking through the boundaries of time and geography and becoming international sports events.

Summer solstice:

The summer solstice falls behind the lunar calendar15th day, when the sunshine is the longest and the days in the northern hemisphere are getting shorter and shorter. The summer solstice is the longest day in the lunar calendar. On the solstice in summer, people in Henan eat cold noodles to celebrate, which is often called "jiaozi in winter and noodles in summer". The summer solstice festival existed in the Han Dynasty, and officials in the Song Dynasty still had three days off.

◎ Rain Festival (May 13):

May 13 is a rain festival, also known as the rain festival and bamboo drunken day. Legend has it that it is the birthday of the Yellow Emperor. Shandong folklore also says that this is the day when Master Guan sharpens his knife. According to the legend of Juancheng, this day is the day when Guan Gong went to the meeting alone, and he had to sharpen his knife before going to the meeting. Legend of Liangshan heroes said that on this day, "Guan Gong sharpened his knife and eradicated the grass". According to Linyi legend, there is usually thunder on this day, which is the sound of Master Guan sharpening his knife. Zichuan legend: "On May 13th, Master Guan sharpened his knife and killed Xu San." It needs water to sharpen the knife, so it will rain. It often rains on this day, so the people sing, "The drought will not last until May 13th."

People think that if it doesn't rain and the sun is like fire on May 13, it must be a dry year. In the past, rain-praying ceremonies were often held in some areas, especially in Yuncheng. From Yuncheng County to the people, they must attend the rain-praying ceremony. According to county records, since the Ming Dynasty, dozens of counties have prayed for rain. There are various forms of folk praying for rain, mainly asking the king, Buddha and Master Guan to show their spirits. The villagers regarded Xie Xuzun, who died in the Song Dynasty because he was dissatisfied with Jia Sidao's administration, as the king. It is said that when he was born, he cared about the sufferings of the people. After he died, the people gave him anything he wanted. The ceremony of inviting the king to attend is very unique. People put a small snake in a plate covered with yellow watch paper and put it in a shed, then burn incense and paper and kowtow to pray. The ceremony of inviting Master Guan to come out is complicated and common. The statue of Guandi was moved to the hot sun for a period of time, and then the statue was wetted with water. If the statue is too big to move, it will be replaced by activities such as "sweeping the Buddha".

◎ Dragon and Tiger Festival (May 20th):

May 20th in the summer calendar is Dragon and Tiger Festival. Nowadays, people generally think that this is a festival of Maonan and She nationalities, but in fact, the Longxing Festival of the Chinese nation is the real source. According to textual research, the Dragon Boat Festival originated from the ancient way of praying for rain-dancing. "Zhou Li? Si Wu: "If there is a drought in the country, you will become handsome and dance. "The Analects of Confucius? Advanced: "The wind is dancing". The ancients thought that jade birds could predict rain. Wearing a crest made of jade bird feathers is a kind of witchcraft, which summons dragons composed of seven eastern nights for the arrival of thunderstorms.

"Zuo Zhuan" says: "Dragon sees rain". The "dragon" here refers to the "dragon" composed of seven hotels in the East. Zuo Zhuan: "After three years of making the moon, the Black Dragon can vaguely see the East, and everything will flourish until it rains heavily, so it is far from praying for rain in a hundred valleys." It took at least three months for Long Xing to disappear, which is the season when the fields are in urgent need of rain before and after sowing. Longxing Festival is probably related to the custom of "dancing" before and after the appearance of ancient Long Xing. Folk believe that on this day, the five dragons who used to live together will be separated, and the main surface will be sunny and rainy. If it doesn't rain on this day, people will consider whether it is necessary to pray for rain. This festival has existed since the Song Dynasty. People think that if it rains the next day, there will be a lot of water. There is a folk saying: the dragon takes 20 minutes, the rain takes 2 1 day, and there is rice in the crack of the stone. Jiangnan area has the custom of practicing fire fighting on this day.

The most important thing in the revival of Dragon Boat Festival is to arrange and preserve folk witchcraft dances and other ceremonies. "There are five or six champions, six or seven children, bathing, dancing and coming back." This account in The Analects of Confucius shows the prosperity and richness of witchcraft folk custom in China in the past. It is suggested that the government should actively explore and sort out China classic Nuo dances such as Yandi Dance and Shangyang Dance to serve the people, and take them as folk exhibition activities of the Dragon Boat Festival.

◎ Paradise Day (June 6th):

Paradise Day originated in Zhao Heng, Song Zhenzong. On June 6th of one year, he claimed that God had given him a gobbledygook, so he decided that heaven was the day of heaven. He also built a magnificent Temple of Heaven at Dai Temple at the foot of Mount Tai.

Although the folk activities of Tianen Festival have been gradually forgotten by people, there are still remnants in some places. People in Dongtai County, Jiangsu Province congratulated each other this morning and ate a cake crumb made of flour mixed with sugar and oil. There is a saying that "on June 6th, I ate cake crumbs and gained meat". There is also a saying, "On June 6th, every family basks in red and green". "Red and green" refers to all kinds of brightly colored clothes. The last sentence of this proverb is also called "every family basks in a dragon robe". In Yangzhou, it is explained that Emperor Qianlong was caught in heavy rain on his way to Yangzhou, and his coat was wet, so it was difficult to borrow people's clothes to replace it, so he had to wait until the rain stopped before putting on his wet clothes. This day happens to be June 6th, so it is called "drying the dragon robe". In the south of the Yangtze River, after Huangmei Day, clothes hidden at the bottom of boxes are prone to mildew. Take them out and dry them in the sun to avoid mildew. In addition, there is an interesting story about bathing cats and dogs, called "On June 6th, cats and dogs bathed together".

June 6th is also a festival of Buddhist temples, which is called "Zhuanjing Festival". Legend has it that when Tang Priest came back from the Western Heaven, he accidentally threw all the scriptures into the sea, picked them up and dried them before they were preserved. Therefore, the Buddhist scriptures in the temple were also inspected and exposed on this day.

June 6th, please aunt. In the past, on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, rural customs invited married girls, old and young, to receive them well and then send them back, so this day was also called "menstruation Festival".

◎ Lotus Watching Festival (June 24th):

June 24th in the summer calendar is the Lotus Watching Festival (July 19, 2006), which is the birthday of the lotus. In the Jiangnan area of Zeguo, a water town, this day is a grand folk festival for the whole family to enjoy and watch lotus. Boating to enjoy the lotus has been popular for generations and has become one of the most beautiful and romantic festivals of the Han nationality.

◎ Tanabata (the seventh day of July):

Qixi Qiqiao originated in the Han Dynasty. Ge Hong's Miscellanies of Xijing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty recorded: "Women in the Han Dynasty often wore seven-hole needles in Jinkailou on July 7, and everyone did it." This is the earliest pleasing record in the ancient literature we have seen. In later Tang poetry and Song poetry, women's begging for cleverness was repeatedly mentioned. Wang Jian in the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem "The stars are bright and the pearls are perfect, and the moths in the palace are busy begging for cleverness". According to "The Legacy of Kaiyuan Tianbao", every time Emperor Taizong and his concubines held a banquet in the Qing Palace on Tanabata, the ladies-in-waiting begged with their own ingenuity. This custom is also enduring among the people and passed down from generation to generation.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Qiaqiao was quite grand, and there was also a market in Beijing that monopolized Qiaqiao goods, which was called Qiaqiao City by the world. Song He's series "Drunken Man Talk" said: "Tanabata, the property is a gimmick. From July 1 ST, the horses and chariots were swallowed up. In the first three days of Chinese Valentine's Day, the horses and chariots were not allowed to pass, and they stopped again and again until the night. " Here, we can infer the lively scene of the Chocci Festival from the grand occasion of buying Qiao Qi goods from Qiao Qi. From the first day of July, people began to buy smart items, and the smart market was crowded with people and cars. By Tanabata, Qiaoqiao Market has become a sea of people. It seems that this is the biggest festival-Spring Festival, which shows that Qiaoqiao Festival is one of the favorite festivals of the ancients.

◎ Mid-Autumn Festival (July 15):

The fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month is the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is often called Ghost Festival and Stone Drum in some places.

"Ghost Festival", commonly known as "July and a half" (13th or 14th in some areas). It is said that the dead ancestors were released by Yan for half a month at the beginning of July, so there is a custom of picking up their ancestors at the beginning of July and seeing them off at the end of July. When sending ancestors, a lot of paper money was burned for "ancestors to enjoy". At the same time, put the money paper in a paper envelope with the owner's name written on it and burn it during the sacrifice, which is called "burning the bag". Burn new bags that died during the year, and burn old bags that died more than one year.

◎ Tibetan calendar festival (July 30th):

The 30th day of the seventh lunar month is a religious festival called "Dizang Festival".

After the death of Sakyamuni and before the birth of Maitreya, Dizang was the bodhisattva on which all beings in the world depended to save the world. The earth treasure king once vowed to become a Buddha after Purdue, so he often appeared in people, heaven and hell to help them suffer. Some Buddhist books say that the earth treasure king is the incarnation of Yan Luowang, who is the master of the nether world and has a kind face.

In the past, there were temples dedicated to Tibetan kings everywhere, and on July 30 every year, good men and women would worship. In particular, Liang Qing in Nanjing is said to be the place where Tibetan bodhisattvas practice. Since the beginning of the month, there has been an endless stream of believers burning incense, especially after the 25th. There are many tourists in the mountains and hills of Liang Qingshan, and there are tea sheds everywhere. The arrangement of the tea shed is varied, and it doesn't stop until the end of the month, so it is called "Gaishanmen".

◎ Chinese Medicine Day (August 1 day):

On the first day of August, the Song Dynasty believed that Medicine Day was a day for offering sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor and Qi Bo. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor asked Zeebe that there were medical books in the world, but later he thought it was a god. As early as the Northern and Southern Dynasties, people had the custom of gathering dew to raise their eyes and bask in the sun, so the day of the natural medicine came. On this day, Shandong folk also have the custom of offering sacrifices to the sun. Early dew and cinnabar were used, and later dew was used to grind ink on children's foreheads or breasts, which was mostly used in northern Shandong and Jiaodong areas. Some old ladies go to the fields before dawn to collect dew on the grass tips, grind them into juice with good ink at noon, and then touch the children's hearts and surroundings with chopsticks. This is the so-called "point Bai Bing". In Linqu area, dew on bean trees picked in August is stored. It is said that this is dragon sweat, which can cure all diseases when used in cooking. There is also a local custom of making peach leaf paste with this dew and old peach leaves. In the morning (before sunrise), collect dew from the bean field with a clean cloth, put the dew and the old peach leaves in the pot, boil the peach leaves into juice with the rag sole as fuel, remove the dregs, and then boil the peach leaves into a thick paste. This is peach leaf cream. Ye Tao ointment is very effective in treating abdominal stagnation. There is a custom of picking purslane in Yinan. It is said that purslane picked on this day can cure dysentery.

On this day, rural areas in Jinan eat millet, which is called "Laifeng cake rice", and northwest Shandong is called "Laifeng cake". Yangxin area also provides cake sacrifice fields to pray for a good harvest. As an agricultural proverb says, "It rained continuously on the first day of August.

The drought will end in May next year. "This means that if it rains today, there will be a spring drought next year.

◎ Mid-Autumn Festival (August 15):

Mid-Autumn Festival has a long history. Like other traditional festivals, it develops slowly. The ancient emperors had a ritual system of offering sacrifices to the sun and the moon in spring and the sun and the moon in autumn. As early as in Zhou Li, the word "Mid-Autumn Festival" was recorded. Later, nobles and scholars followed suit. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, they watched and worshipped the bright and round moon in the sky and pinned their feelings. This custom spread to the people and formed a traditional activity. Until the Tang Dynasty, this Yue Bai custom was paid more attention, and the Mid-Autumn Festival became a fixed festival. Emperor Taizong recorded the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th, which was very popular in the Song Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was as famous as New Year's Day and became one of the major festivals in China.

The legend of Mid-Autumn Festival is very rich, and fairy tales such as the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, Wu Gang cutting Guangxi and Jade Rabbit smashing medicine are widely circulated.

◎ Chongyang (the ninth day of September):

The Double Ninth Festival was mentioned in Chu Ci in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Qu Yuan wrote in "Journey": "Set Chongyang into the Emperor's Palace and see the capital of Qing Dynasty ten days later." The "Double Ninth Festival" here refers to the sky, not just festivals. In the book "Nine Days Zhong You" written by Cao Pi, the Wei Wendi of the Three Kingdoms, it was clearly recorded that the Double Ninth Festival was held: "September 9th suddenly comes again. Nine is the number of yang, and the sun and the moon coincide. It is well-known and thinks it is suitable for a long time, so it is a feast. "

Tao Yuanming, a scholar in Jin Dynasty, said in the preface to the poem "Nine Days of Leisure": "I am idle and love the name of nine. Autumn chrysanthemum is full of gardens, but it is embarrassing. It is empty for Jiuhua and cherishes words. " Chrysanthemum and wine are also mentioned here. Probably in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there was a custom of drinking and enjoying chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival. In the Tang Dynasty, Chongyang was officially designated as a folk festival.

In the Ming Dynasty, on the Double Ninth Festival in September, the palace would eat flower cakes together to celebrate, and the emperor would personally climb Wanshou Mountain to celebrate his autumn ambition. This custom has been passed down to the Qing Dynasty.

◎ ancestor worship festival (the first day of October):

On the first day of October, it is called "October Dynasty", also known as "ancestor worship festival".

Since ancient times, China has had the custom of offering sacrifices to ancestors in the new harvest season to show filial piety and not forgetting one's roots. Therefore, people also offer sacrifices to their ancestors Xiaomi on the first day of October. On the first day of 10, ancestors were sacrificed, including family sacrifices and grave sacrifices, whether in the north or the south. Today, in many areas south of the Yangtze River, there is also the custom of offering sacrifices to new graves on the first day of October.

The first day of October is also the first day of winter, and the climate becomes cold after winter. People are afraid that the souls of the ancestors in the underworld are short of clothes. Therefore, in addition to general sacrifices such as food, incense sticks and paper money, there is also an indispensable sacrifice-burial clothes. When offering sacrifices, people burn ghost clothes to their ancestors, which is called "sending cold clothes". Therefore, the first day of October is also called "Clothing Burning Festival".

Later, in some places, the custom of "burning cold clothes" changed a little. Not to burn cold clothes, but to "burn the burden." People seal a lot of paper in a paper bag, and write the names of the recipients and senders and their corresponding names. This is called "baggage". There is a name of cold clothes, but there is no reality of cold clothes. People think that the underworld, like the dead, can buy many things with money.

◎ Next Yuan Festival (1October15th):

October 15th of the lunar calendar is a traditional folk festival in China, also known as "Xiayuan Festival" and "Xiayuan Festival". The origin of the next Yuan Festival is related to Taoism. Taoism has three officials, namely, heavenly officials, local officials, water officials and God bless the people. Local officials forgive sins, and water conservancy officials cancel Eritrea's debts. The dates of birth of these three officials are the 15th day of the first month, the 15th day of July and the 15th day of October of the lunar calendar. They are called Shangyuan Festival, Zhongyuan Festival and Xiayuan Festival. The next Yuan Festival is the day when the water official released the Emperor Egu, which is called the Festival. According to the investigation, the water official recorded the release of Eritrea from heaven. "China Customs Records" also records: "October is the next Yuan Festival, and customs spread to Shuigongji City, and there are also people who fast and recite scriptures." On this day, Taoist temple is a Dojo, where people offer sacrifices to the dead and pray to the water officials of the next Yuan Dynasty to solve the problem. In ancient times, there were provisions in the imperial court prohibiting slaughter and postponing the execution date of death penalty. Song and Wu's Dream: "On the 15th (October), the water official released Eritrea, and the palace officials set up a village to build a chariot, or released Eritrea, or recommended death." And Hebei's "New Compilation of Xuanhua County Records": "When the customs spread, the water officials helped Eritrea, and the people also fasted." In addition, among the people, there is also the custom of offering sacrifices to the kitchen god by folk craftsmen on the next Yuan Festival. The furnace god is the old gentleman, probably from the furnace alchemy of Taoism.

◎ Laba Festival (the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month):

The most important festival in December of the lunar calendar is the eighth day of December, which was called "La Ri" in ancient times and commonly known as "Laba Festival".

Since the pre-Qin period, Laba Festival has been used to worship ancestors and gods and pray for good harvest and good luck. It is said that Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, realized enlightenment on the eighth day of December, so Laba is also a Buddhist festival, which is called "Buddhist Enlightenment Festival".

Laba has the custom of eating Laba porridge on this day. Laba porridge is also called "Qibao Wuwei porridge". China has a history of drinking Laba porridge for 1000 years. It first started in the Song Dynasty. On the day of Laba, whether it is the court, government, temples or people's homes, Laba porridge should be made. In the Qing Dynasty, the custom of drinking Laba porridge became more popular. In the court, emperors, queens and princes distribute Laba porridge to civil and military ministers and attendants, and distribute rice and fruit to monasteries for monks to eat. In the folk, every household should also make Laba porridge to worship their ancestors; At the same time, family groups get together for dinner and give gifts to relatives and friends.

Winter solstice: The winter solstice festival originated in the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and has continued to this day. Ting Anne Lu even said that the solstice in winter is the same all year round. This shows that the ancients attached great importance to the winter solstice. People think that the winter solstice is a natural transformation of Yin and Yang and a gift from heaven. In the Han Dynasty, the winter solstice was the "Winter Festival", and the government held a celebration ceremony called "Winter Festival", which was a routine festival. There is such a record in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty: "Before and after the Winter Solstice, gentlemen are prepared for danger in times of peace, do not listen to political affairs, and choose good luck to save trouble." Therefore, on this day, the imperial court has a holiday and rest, the army is waiting for orders, the frontier fortress is closed, business travel stops, relatives and friends give food to each other, visit each other, and have a "quiet and peaceful" festival happily.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the solstice in winter was the day of ancestor worship. On this day, the emperor went to the suburbs to hold a worship ceremony. On this day, people must worship their parents. There are still some places to celebrate the winter solstice.

◎ Tail Tooth Festival (16th day of the twelfth lunar month):

Every year, the first and fifteenth day of the first month, or the second and sixteenth day of the first month, are the days when businessmen in some areas along the southeast coast worship the land god, which is called "tooth-making". February 2 is the first time to make teeth, called "head teeth"; The dentist on the sixteenth day of the twelfth lunar month was the last to do it, so it was called "tail tooth". Tail tooth is the "end" of the business's one-year activities and the "first sound" of the people's Spring Festival activities. On this day, people's homes will burn land and public funds to worship the upright god, and they will also set up benches in front of the door, provide five-flavored bowls, burn scriptures and silver paper to worship the foundation owners (worship of building foundations). All business lines should also entertain employees to reward their hard work in the past year. In the past, if the boss didn't plan to renew his employees in the coming year, he would point his head at him at the banquet, implying dismissal. However, this custom has gradually disappeared. In addition to the increasingly popular tail tooth banquet in recent years, according to the traditional custom, the whole family get together to "eat tail teeth". The main food is wet cakes and steamed bread. Wet cake is made of bean sprouts, shredded bamboo shoots, beans, garlic, dried eggs, tiger skin, peanut powder, tomato sauce and other ingredients wrapped in wet cake. The food in the bag is three layers of meat, pickles, dried bamboo shoots, coriander and peanut powder, all of which are delicious local food.

◎ Festival of offering sacrifices to stoves (23rd day of the twelfth lunar month):

The 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, also known as "off-year", is a day for people to offer sacrifices to stoves.

It is said that every year on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, the Kitchen God will tell the Jade Emperor about the good and evil of this family, so that the Jade Emperor can reward and punish them. Therefore, when sending stoves, people will put candy, water, beans and grass on the console table in front of the statue of the kitchen king, and the latter three are for the mount of the kitchen king to ascend to heaven. When offering sacrifices to the stove, you should melt the Guandong sugar with fire and put it on the mouth of the kitchen god. In this way, he can't speak ill of the jade emperor There is a folk custom that "men don't Yue Bai, women don't offer sacrifices to stoves", so offering sacrifices to stoves is limited to men.