From a series of ancient cultural sites that have been excavated, Baoding area has developed prehistoric civilization. For example, the Homo sapiens fossils unearthed in Laishui County can confirm that 28, years ago, this place was the breeding ground of Homo sapiens, the ancestor of the yellow race (Mongolian race). Numerous historical records and legends from the Stone Age to the Shang and Zhou cultural sites, as well as about Tang Yao and You Yi, can confirm that this is the hometown of Tang Yao. Four or five thousand years ago, it was already a densely populated area with a fairly developed primitive agricultural economy. You Yi had been herding cattle and horses and planting mulberry seeds in Yishui Valley. According to experts' inference, this is the original fief of the ancient Yan State, which was unearthed from Zhangjiawa, Laishui. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Baoding was first the land of Yan and Zhongshan (Xianyu). By the middle of the Warring States Period, Zhongshan was destroyed by Zhao, and Baoding belonged to Zhao in the south and Yan in the north. It was said that "Yan Nan Zhao Bei" had become the hinterland of Yan culture. Yan once built its capital in the east of Rongcheng today, and Yan Zhaowang built its capital in Yixian today. Yan Zhaowang's rejuvenation of the country and Jing Ke's assassination of the King of Qin all originated from here. During the Qin and Han dynasties, many counties (countries) and counties were set up in Baoding area, which became a defensive position in the north.

The Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties were an important stage of national integration in China. The aristocratic families in Hebei went south to Jianghuai, while the nomadic people in the north went south to the Central Plains to accept Chinese culture and establish a country. Baoding area is in the transitional zone where farming culture and nomadic culture are combined, and it is the most affected. From the Sixteen Countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Baoding region successively belonged to the countries established by a few ethnic groups, such as Ranwei, Houzhao, Qianyan, Qianqin, Houyan, Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Beiqi and Northern Zhou, among which Houyan made Zhongshan its capital (now Dingzhou). Years of war have affected the development of Baoding regional economy; Because a large number of gentry moved south, the local culture was impacted. But at the same time, the activities of several ethnic minorities here have injected diverse elements into the culture here, making the folk customs simple and vigorous and culturally distinctive. "Geography of Sui Shu" said: "Since ancient times, those who speak bravely and chivalrously have promoted the combination of seclusion and seclusion, but there have been many elegant people in Zhuojun since the previous generation."

during the sui, Tang and five dynasties, Baoding experienced the stable development stages in the early sui and the prosperous Tang dynasties, and also experienced the turmoil in the late sui, the Anshi rebellion in the Tang dynasty, the separatist regime in the buffer regions and the wars in the five dynasties. In the early Sui Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Baoding's economy and culture developed in an all-round way, and the Baoding area in Tang Dynasty belonged to Hebei Road. During the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty, there were 1.82 million stones accumulated in Zhengcang, Hebei Province, and 17.54 million stones accumulated in Yicang, ranking first in the country, and their economic status was very important. Therefore, in the Tang Dynasty, a general manager's office was set up in Dingzhou. The development of economy has promoted the prosperity of culture, and a large number of cultural celebrities have appeared. At the end of Sui Dynasty, peasant uprisings surged, and Baoding was a very active place for peasant uprisings. The Anshi Rebellion bears the brunt here; The number of buffer regions here is the strongest, enough to compete with the Tang court. No wonder some scholars who failed in the Tang Dynasty came here to find a way out. Dong Shaonan in Han Yu's Preface to Sending Dong Shaonan to Hebei is one of them. In the Five Dynasties, Baoding successively belonged to the later Tang Dynasty, the later Jin Dynasty, the later Han Dynasty, the later Zhou Dynasty and the Liao Dynasty (Qidan), and all the rulers fought against each other. Although Baoding is not the focus of political and military struggle, it is always in the vortex of war. Important wars include the battle of Quyang between the later Tang Dynasty and Qidan, the invasion of Liao troops to the south, and the northern expedition of Zhou Shizong. Later Jin Shi Jingtang cut sixteen prefectures to Qidan (Liao), and Zhuozhou in the north of Baoding entered Liao. After years of war, the people have no peace and the economy has been greatly damaged.

During the Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Baoding was at the border of Song and Liao Dynasties, and there were frequent wars between Song and Liao Dynasties, and the main battlefields were mostly in Baoding area. The famous battles were Yang Jiajiang's anti-Liao campaign, Mancheng campaign, Waqiaoguan campaign and Qigouguan campaign. The Song and Liao wars mostly ended in the failure of the Song Dynasty, and the Liao army plundered after winning. It was not until December (January, 15) of the first year of Song Jingde that the Song and Liao Dynasties concluded the "Alliance of Chanyuan" that the two countries ended a large-scale war that lasted for more than 3 years. The two sides take Yishui River and Baigou River as the boundaries, and they open markets with each other for bilateral trade. Most of these markets are in Baoding. In the Song Dynasty, in order to prevent the Liao soldiers from invading south, in addition to stationing troops at the border pass, they also went along the border areas, from now Mancheng, Baoding, Xu Shui, Qingyuan, Anxin and Levin to Nigu Haikou (now Tanggu), meandering for 9 miles to dig dikes and ponds, so as to stop the Liao cavalry from going south, and also built brick towers as high as 8 meters in Dingzhou to look at the enemy's situation. At this time, the defensive function of Baoding area became more and more prominent. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the Baosai Army was first established, and then it was promoted to Baozhou, and the city was established. Set up roads in Dingzhou to unify 8 States. The long-term war edification has cultivated the martial spirit of Baoding people. The essay Biography of Tanghedian by Wang Yucheng, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, describes an elderly woman who killed Liao soldiers with her bare hands in a market town on the bank of the Tang River. The article also lists brave local armed forces such as "Jingsai" in Shanggu and "Naojie" in Xiongzhou, who were brave enough to kill the enemy and defend the land. The fundamental reason for the failure of the Song Dynasty's war against Liao lies in the improper military measures and political corruption in the Song Dynasty.

After Jin destroyed Liao and the Northern Song Dynasty and unified the North, many Han people in Hebei were moved to the outside of Shanhaiguan. At the same time, Jurchen people went south in large numbers, and the system of fierce security was implemented. Jurchen nobles became feudal landowners and gradually became Chinese. Jin is building a capital in Beijing today, with Zhongshan House in Dingzhou and Shuntian Army in Baozhou. When the Mongolian soldiers came, Jurchen was powerless to resist, and a large number of landlords armed themselves to protect themselves. The rulers of the Jin Dynasty engaged in "nine feudal lords", that is, they recognized these armed forces and used them to resist the Mongolian soldiers, and several of them were in Baoding. But this did not save its fate of failure. In December of the first year of Jin Zhenyou (1213), the Mongolian army captured Baozhou and the city was destroyed. Han armed forces in Baoding played a great role in the unified war of Mongolia's destruction of the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. The famous military generals included Zhang Rou and Zhang Hongfan, the father and son of Dingxing, and the history of Boye, among which Zhang Rou repeatedly defeated the Jin Bing, moved to Baozhou, and rebuilt Baozhou, which laid the foundation for Baoding. Zhang Hongfan captured Wen Tianxiang, the prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, led an army to attack Cliff Mountain and won the seal of the Southern Song Dynasty. The capital of Yuan Dynasty was mostly (now Beijing), and Baoding was the southern barrier, so Shuntian Army was changed to Shuntian Road, and Shuntian Road was changed to Baoding Road in the twelfth year of Yuan Dynasty (1275), which governed 7 states and 8 counties, and the name of Baoding began.

during the Ming and Qing dynasties, Baoding was still the auxiliary land of the capital. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Baoding Road was changed to Baodingfu. After Zhu Di, the founder of Ming Dynasty, moved to Beijing, in order to enrich the population around Gyeonggi, he immigrated to Hebei from Shanxi and beyond the Great Wall, and a large number of immigrants settled in Baoding. In the Ming Dynasty, Daningdu Division was moved to Baoding, and a general headquarters was set up in Baoding, with more than 1, troops stationed all the year round, responsible for the security near Gyeonggi. After the "Civil Change", the Mongolian Wala Department broke through Zijingguan and surrounded Beijing, and then retreated from Zijingguan. Baoding's strategic defensive position is becoming increasingly important. So Baoding City was rebuilt, and the earthen city was changed into a brick city, which was completed in five years. At the same time, the Inner Great Wall was built in Taihang Mountain area in the west of Baoding, Guancheng was built in Bauhinia, Daoma and Longquan Pass, and a pier castle was built. Most of the Great Wall and Guancheng in Baoding were left by the Ming Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing soldiers attacked Baoding, and because of the concerted efforts of the military and civilians in Baoding, they moved to attack Levin. Sun Chengzong, the former minister of the Ministry of War of the Ming Dynasty, led the family and the people to resist, and the city was broken, leaving more than 2 people dead. The Li Zicheng Rebel Army went north and fought fiercely with the Ming Army in Baoding. After five days and nights of offensive and defensive battles, the insurgents defeated Baoding. After the failure of the rebel army, the Qing soldiers entered the customs again, and Baoding belonged to the Qing Dynasty.

in the early Qing dynasty, in the first year of Shunzhi (1644), an "enclosure order" was issued, which was 3 miles near Beijing (later expanded to 5 miles), mainly occupying a large amount of land near Bafu and the Great Wall in Zhili as a "flag land". Most prefectures and counties in Baoding are surrounded by land, and some counties occupy 8% to 9% of the land. Farmers have almost no land to farm, or they have fled, or they have become the manor guests of Manchu nobles and the Eight Banners, or they have become the slaves of the land. Economic development is slow and people live in poverty. However, Baoding's military and political status is improving day by day. In the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), the governor of Zhili moved to Baoding, which became the provincial capital of Zhili and became a regional political center. Some government officials and dignitaries of the Qing Dynasty performed on this stage like lanterns.

After the Opium War in p>184, great powers invaded China one after another, forcing the decadent Qing Dynasty to sign a series of unequal treaties, making China a semi-feudal and semi-colonial social club. However, the people of China were inviolable, and they spontaneously organized themselves to resist the aggression of foreign powers. In the spring of 19, the Boxer Rebellion rose, and the anti-imperialist and patriotic enthusiasm of Baoding people rose, almost because every village learned boxing and welcomed teachers. In April 19, the Laishui Boxer Rebellion attacked the church and killed Yang Futong, the deputy general of the Qing Dynasty who came to suppress the Boxer Rebellion. In May, the Boxer Rebellion conquered Zhuozhou City and demolished the railway from Liulihe to Zhuozhou. Zhang Decheng, Wang Decheng, Zhou Luokun and Li Laizhong, leaders of Baoding Boxer, also led a group of people to participate in the fight against Eight-Nation Alliance's aggression and defend Tianjin and Beijing. After the fall of Beijing, the Boxer Rebellion in Baoding and the western mountainous areas still fought against the encirclement and suppression of foreign invaders and the Qing army. Although the Boxer Rebellion finally failed, the anti-imperialist patriotic movement of the Boxer Rebellion fully reflected Baoding people's generous elegy, heroic and unyielding will and spirit. After Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, he went south to suppress the Boxer Rebellion and massacred the people of China. The allied forces of Britain, France, Germany and Italy invaded Baoding, wantonly burning, killing and looting, and committed numerous crimes.

Because the Qing Dynasty bowed its knees to the outside world and brutally suppressed the people's movement at home, it has lost people's hearts. People of insight in China actively explore ways to save the country and the people. Baoding, the provincial capital of Zhili, became one of the important origins of the Revolution of 1911 in the north. The revolutionary trend of thought was first spread among schools, and wuyue, a student of Zhili Higher Education Institute, founded Zhili Vernacular Newspaper to publicize new ideas. Chen Youyun promoted revolutionary ideas among students and developed members of the League in Baoding. Hu Egong and others organized and established the "* * * Peace Conference" in Baoding. For a time, progressive groups emerged like clouds and became an important revolutionary force against imperialism and the Qing Dynasty in the north. They planned many revolutionary actions, although they were all suppressed and failed in the end, they also dealt a heavy blow to the reactionary rule of the Qing Dynasty and warlords and strongly supported the revolutionary struggle throughout the country. At the same time, the new school in Baoding rose. From the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China, many schools and schools of military education, higher education and primary and secondary education were established, and Baoding was awarded the title of "student city". Among them, Baoding military education was the first of its kind in modern military education in China, which played an important role in the history of modern military education in China, and trained a number of senior military commanders. Baoding is also the birthplace of studying in France for work-study programs, and a group of revolutionaries have embarked on the journey of the new-democratic revolution.

during the period of Beiyang government, Baoding was the base camp of direct warlords. After the first Direct Warfare, the direct warlord dominated the situation in most of China and controlled the Beiyang government. Military and political affairs involving the whole country were all obeyed by the direct warlord Cao Kun. The direct Anhui War, the first and second Direct Warfare and the JinFeng War were all related to Baoding, or the main battlefield was in Baoding.

With the spread of Marxism in Baoding by Deng Zhongxia and others, Baoding local organization was established, and Baoding became the center of revolutionary movement in central Hebei. The Baoding Party organization led revolutionary struggles in all circles, set off anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic movements, and led and launched revolutionary struggles such as the student movement in the Second Women's Division, the Wuligang riots in Wanxian County, the student movement in Baoding Normal School, and the Gao Li riots, which had an important influence in the north.

after the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese army invaded Baoding, built artillery towers and bunkers, and carried out the inhuman "Three Lights" policy, resulting in countless tragedies. The Eighth Route Army led by the China * * Producer Party advanced behind enemy lines, and established the first anti-Japanese base area-Jinchaji Anti-Japanese Base Area in Fuping, which became the seat of the party, government and army heads of Shanxi-Chaji. Under the leadership of the China * * Producer Party, the people of Baoding quickly launched a national war of resistance and ignited the beacon fire in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Cooperating with the Eighth Route Army regular troops, they successively carried out Hundred Regiments Battle, Huangtuling Battle, Fairy Mountain Defence War and Lianzikou Battle, etc., annihilated a large number of Japanese puppet troops, shattered the Japanese "three light" policy, "cage" policy and many crazy "mopping up" and "strengthening public security" movements, and created guerrilla warfare, tunnel warfare, curtain-picking war, mine warfare, sabotage warfare, sparrow warfare and courtyard. During the eight years of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the people of Baoding made great sacrifices, and many epic anti-Japanese heroes appeared, including explosion heroes Li Yong and Li Dianbing, the five strong men of Langyashan, and the martial arts team, railway workers guerrillas and geese leaders who frightened the Japanese army. During the hard years of war, various undertakings in the anti-Japanese base areas, including democratic constitutional movement, mass production movement, cultural education and publicity activities, were vigorously carried out, which consolidated the anti-Japanese national United front and promoted the construction of the anti-Japanese base areas.

during the war of liberation, Kuomintang troops captured you, and took Baoding as a military stronghold in north China, built a city defense and stationed heavy troops. Under the leadership of local organizations in Baoding, the soldiers and civilians in Baoding, on the one hand, carried out the work of urban enemy workers, carried out intelligence and rebellion work, and mobilized the masses to resolutely fight against the dark rule of the Kuomintang and cooperate with exterior lines. On the battlefield, the people of Baoding bravely supported and cooperated with the People's Liberation Army to successfully carry out the campaigns of Baonan and Baobei, Qingfengdian, Pinghan Line, Baobei Siege and Daqing Hebei, and liberated Baoding on November 22, 1948, annihilating a large number of effective forces of the Kuomintang army and making important contributions to the liberation of the whole country. At the same time, the land reform movement was carried out, which abolished feudal land ownership, fully mobilized the production enthusiasm of farmers, effectively supported the war of liberation and ushered in the establishment of new China.