1. When people in Thailand do as the Romans do, it is necessary to know some local customs and habits when they come to Thailand:

1. Thais are used to "folding their hands and bowing their heads to each other", and they often greet each other with "Shawadhika" (meaning "hello" in Thai). When others greet you with folded hands, you should also return with folded hands, otherwise it is impolite. After folding, there is no need to shake hands to greet or say goodbye, but monks don't have to return gifts to laymen. The handshake ceremony when meeting or saying goodbye has not yet become popular in Thai society.

2. Myanmar should be able to accept men wearing skirts. Burmese men wear cage clothes. We should be able to accept the local custom of eating by hand. Get used to ladies appearing around you with powder all over their faces. Burmese people grind a plant into powder and apply it to their faces to protect themselves from the sun.

Get used to the Burmese people talking to you with their mouths open. Burmese people like to eat betel nuts wrapped in leaves, so many local people's teeth are dyed red.

3. There are many taboos in India. Due to different religions and regions, taboos are also different.

The general taboos are: when sleeping, you can't face north and your feet face south. It is said that Yan Luowang lives in the south; Avoid talking about snakes at night; Avoid pancakes on festive days; Babies should avoid looking in the mirror, otherwise they will become dumb; When the father is alive, the son should avoid wrapping himself in a headscarf and shaving his head; 3 and 13 are taboo numbers, because Shiva has three eyes, and the third eye is devastating. 13 is because there are 13 days of mourning after death; During pregnancy, women are forbidden to make clothes and take photos; Never pass things with your left hand.

People are forbidden to sniff or touch the flower buds displayed in the market, which will be disgusted by people.

Whistling is forbidden in India, especially for women. In restaurants, shops and other service industries, it is regarded as a courtesy act to offend others' personality if Crooks greet waiters by whistling.

The head is the most sacred part of the Indian body, so visitors are not allowed to touch their heads directly. Never pat an Indian child on the head. Indians think it will hurt the child.

Even in a friend's house, don't praise a child. Many Indians think that this kind of praise will attract the attention of the wicked.

Indians are forbidden to wear leather products (belts, watchbands, shoes and clothes), especially in holy places, because Hindus don't kill cows, Muslims don't brake pigs, and Jains don't have to kill people and animals or insects.

To enter a temple or mosque in India, you should take off your shoes and cross the threshold instead of stepping on it. When you enter the temple barefoot, you should wash your feet at the entrance in advance to show politeness.

Anyone who enters a Muslim temple is not allowed to wear shorts or sleeveless vests and is required to take off his shoes.

anyone who enters a Sikh temple must wear a headscarf or hat before entering

4. Vietnamese traditional festivals and folk customs: Vietnamese traditional festivals are the same as those in China, mainly including Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival, among which the Spring Festival is the biggest festival. Vietnamese folk customs are simple, and the people are civilized and polite. It is customary to greet each other when meeting, or nod, or shake hands, or hug each other according to French etiquette, mostly as brothers and sisters. Vietnam is deeply influenced by Chinese culture and believes in Buddhism. Buddhism was introduced into Vietnam from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and after the tenth century, Buddhism was honored as the state religion. At present, there are about 21 million Buddhists in China. In addition, Catholicism has been introduced to Vietnam for more than 411 years, and there are currently more than 3 million believers, mostly in the south. Vietnamese people worship their ancestors and are generally superstitious about the city god and the god of wealth. Ordinary people have altar tables and incense tables at home, and they worship at home on holidays. Dress is simple. On formal occasions, men wear suits and women wear ethnic "gowns" (similar to cheongsam) and trousers. Eating habits are similar to those of some ethnic groups in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan. Eat with chopsticks, like to eat light, cold and sour food. Vietnamese people are forbidden to take photos with three people. It is considered unlucky not to light cigarettes for three people with a match or lighter. Don't want people to touch your head. Don't point your feet at people when sitting on the floor.

Names and appellations The main ethnic groups in Vietnam-the Jing ethnic group, are Ruan, Chen, Wu and Li. Like China people, Vietnamese people have their surnames first and their first names last. Most of them have single surnames and two-character names, and a few have single surnames. In Vietnamese address forms, except for the first person who usually uses the neutral "I" (pronounced "dui"), the second person calls "you" and the third person "he (she) have no neutral personal pronouns, and they usually address each other according to their seniority or status to show affection or respect. For example, for people of their parents, the second person directly uses "uncle", "aunt", "uncle" and "aunt"; The third person uses "the uncle" and "the aunt". Vietnamese greetings are neither "morning nor evening" nor "hello". "Goodbye" is usually expressed by a "call" upward. For example, when we meet, we say "calling comrades" means "hello comrades", and when we meet, we say "calling comrades" means "goodbye comrades" respectively. When Vietnamese address each other, they usually address each other with the last name, and rarely address each other with their surnames. That is considered impolite. For example, a man named Ruan Xingqiang can be called "Qiang Bo", "Qiang Shu", "Qiang Ge", "Qiang Di" or "Qiang Sir" or "Qiang Comrade" according to his age and degree of intimacy.

Clothing In ancient times, the Jing people in Vietnam wore all kinds of pullover clothes and long skirts. In the Middle Ages, civilians wore brown cloth and officials wore blue ge clothes. After the 5th century, the rich usually wear Brocade, red robe when attending sacrifices and banquets, brown or black cloth for officials, blue clothes for officials and coarse cloth for civilians. After the French entered Vietnam, the clothes of civilians began to change greatly, and women wore button tops and trousers. In modern times, men in Vietnamese cities wear suits, while women wear narrow oil robes. Vietnamese women's robes can be said to be the national clothes of Vietnamese women. The upper body is tied around the waist and the figure is prominent, which makes the women look graceful, the hem is stretched, and the right is open to the waist, which is convenient for activities. In particular, Vietnamese women wear black or white trousers with wide legs to mop the floor when wearing robes. Vietnamese women like to wear necklaces, hand thresholds and rings, wear long shawls or tie them behind their heads with hairpins. Yang He Nuo and the Beauty of Teeth. The Beijingers, Dai people, Thai people and Eddie people in Vietnam all have a special hobby of chewing betel nut. They often put a little lime cream or alkali on the coconut and chew it in the fire mouth, so that the mold hammer will have a chemical reaction, the juice will not be swallowed, and it will flow out along the corner of the mouth. When it is chewed, the residue will be spit out. Chewing the hammer is usually bitter first and then sweet, which can stimulate the nerves, refresh the mind, remove the accumulation and reduce swelling. People in Beijing also take the banlang as a token, and they send a banlang no matter whether they propose marriage or treat guests. Chewing on a hammer and dyeing one's teeth are ancient customs of the Jing nationality. In the past, men and women began to dye their teeth as long as they were seventeen or eighteen years old. According to their custom, starting to chew the hammer and dye the teeth symbolizes that they have reached adulthood and can get married. From then on, these young men and women can freely participate in any local entertainment gathering, take part in duet and choose their partners. With the development of the times, this ancient style has gradually declined, but in rural Vietnam, you can still see many elderly women's teeth dyed black and bright. In their eyes, keeping teeth as white as jade is a sign of poor quality and unhealthy style, and dyeing teeth black and bright is the most beautiful. Holidays in Vietnam also use solar and lunar calendars. Besides national statutory holidays such as New Year's Day, International Labor Day and National Day, Vietnam also celebrates Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival and Spring Festival. Like people in China, the Spring Festival in the lunar calendar is the biggest festival of the year. There is a folk song in Vietnam, "red couplets with fat ginger and onion, big zongba with banners and firecrackers." It means that when the Spring Festival comes, we should prepare rich meat dishes for the festival, cook zongba, put up red couplets at the door, fly high banners with the wind, and firecrackers ring. From this ballad, we can see the importance Vietnamese attach to the Spring Festival. At the turn of the new year and the old year, Vietnamese people also have the habit of observing the old year. On New Year's Eve, people usually sleep songs for the entertainment of the soldiers and then pass them on to the people. The so-called snare drum is actually a wooden bucket or a foreign iron bucket. Two pillars are erected at the head of the village. The bucket is tightened with hemp rope or steel wire rope and fixed on the pillars. The rope is struck with a stick to make it ring. Both men and women stand on one side, singing while knocking, laughing and singing together, and the atmosphere is cheerful and warm. Some young men and women establish feelings and love relationships by singing songs. Ancestors worship Vietnamese and pay attention to filial piety like other orientals. In every family, it is an indispensable consciousness for children to honor their grandparents and parents. The Vietnamese worshiped their dead ancestors, so they attached great importance to their worship beliefs, which were inherited from generation to generation and formed a scale. It is believed that although a relative dies, his soul still exists, which plays a role in protecting and urging future generations and dominates all people's activities. Many disasters in the world depend on the protection and relief of the ancestors. Every Vietnamese household has no shrines, shrines or shrines. It is an altar to worship ancestors and a holy place to worship ancestors' gods. No one in untouchables can be defiled. In the city, due to the narrow residence, the altar is small and diverse. Such as nailing a board on the wall or using the top of the cabinet as an altar to worship ancestors. There is an incense burner in the center of the altar, with two incense sticks on both sides. In front of the incense burner, put a wooden plate or plastic with thin waist and red lacquer. The fruit in the glass plate, in addition to a pair of vases and a number of cups and plates for sacrificial handles. In some families, couplets are also posted on both sides of the altar, such as "the ancestors' merits and virtues have flourished for thousands of years, and the sons' filial piety has lasted for thousands of years in Sun Xian", "Fu Sheng's etiquette family is prosperous, and Lu Fa's splendor is rich in spring" and so on.

Vietnamese people regard offering sacrifices to their ancestors as an important thing to thank them for their nurturing thoughts. Although many families have different religious beliefs, offering sacrifices to their ancestors cannot be ignored. Before the Spring Festival comes, the altar must be rearranged, incense sticks inserted and offerings placed. During the three days of the Spring Festival, the altar is always ablaze with incense, and before the family reunion dinner, parents and people should pray. The Vietnamese worship of ancestors is also manifested in avoiding names. Usually, children and grandchildren should avoid mentioning the names of grandparents and fathers. If some nouns in real life are heavy with the names of grandparents and fathers, they should be avoided or replaced with synonyms. When children are young, parents don't let them know the names of their ancestors, in case the children shout and disrespect their ancestors. If you are ridiculed or insulted by others pointing to the name of your ancestors, those who are ridiculed or insulted will think that they have been humiliated and will arouse great hatred. In recent years, it is rare to avoid names in cities, but in rural areas, this custom remains. In addition to ancestor worship, ancient Vietnamese people were generally superstitious about town god, divination, astrology, geomantic omen, elves and so on. All natural objects and natural phenomena, such as rivers, lakes, mountains, trees, wild animals, wind and rain, etc., have elves in their minds, and should be sacrificed to sweep away disasters and reduce happiness. For example, in Jinlian Village, Dongduo County, Hanoi, there is still an inscription on the mountain king standing in 1511. In rural areas, there are usually land gods, banyan gods, snake gods, tiger gods and the central stone in the village. Center plate, etc. People sacrifice the tiger in the places where it frequents, and they should not offend it in words and manners, calling it the "mountain king" in a low voice. If you meet a tiger, not only can you not kill it, but you should also offer various sacrifices. Ancient Vietnamese people generally worshipped ancient trees with evergreen seasons and flourishing leaves. They thought that these big trees, which had been attacked by storms and lightning for a long time, could survive, and there must be gods under them. Therefore, people often set up incense tables under the shade of trees, especially under banyan trees, or built temples in the open space beside trees, and Mr. Feng Shui and diviners often gathered here.

Religious Beliefs Since the Western Han Dynasty in China in 111 BC, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism have been introduced into Vietnam from China, which has exerted great influence on Vietnamese ideology. Buddhism introduced from China is Mahayana Buddhism, which is called "Northern Sect" by Vietnamese. In addition, some Vietnamese believe in Hinayana Buddhism and call it "Nanzong", which was introduced from Thailand and Cambodia. Among the Vietnamese who believe in religion, Buddhism accounts for the largest proportion, among which Mahayana Buddhism is the majority, and there are many temples in various places. Buddhists avoid killing and talk about karma. On major festivals and personal birthdays, people usually go to Buddhist temples to worship Buddha, offer gifts and listen to monks chanting.

Catholicism was introduced into Vietnam for about 511 years. At the beginning of the century, western missionaries began to preach in Vietnam, but they were officially banned. The first two French missionaries to preach in Vietnam were Oderico Badno and Francis xavier. During the French period, Catholicism gained legal status in Vietnam and developed rapidly. By 1966, there were 211 parishes in the north and south of Vietnam, with 3 million Catholics. There are also many Christians in Vietnam, mainly in Hanoi, Haiphong, Hexi, Chengtian, Guangnan, Bolaigu and Pingshun. Christianity, a new sect split from Catholicism, was introduced into Vietnam only for nearly a hundred years, and it was called "gospel" in Vietnam. In 1893, the Christian priest David Rollahan went to Saigon to preach, and later priests went to Vietnam to preach, but they were banned by the French colonial authorities. It was not until 1921 that Christianity gained a foothold in Vietnam.

most of the Jing farmers in Xining and Dishi in southern Vietnam believe in Gaotai religion, which is called "Purdue Gaotai religion in the third phase of Dadao" and was founded by Wu Wenzhao and Li Wenzhong in 1926. This religion combines Buddhism, Catholicism, Christianity, Taoism and Confucianism, and believes in Confucius (humanity), Jiang Taigong (Shinto), Jesus (holy way), Laozi (immortal way) and Buddhism (Buddhism and Taoism). Believers in Gaotai can worship their ancestors, but they can't provide grass or use paper horses. They should avoid killing, greed, meat, color and swearing. They should burn incense and recite scriptures at 6: 11, 12: 11, 18: 11 and 24: 11 every day.

In Anjiang, Tongtamei, Hexian, Dongchuan and other places in southern Vietnam, many people have joined the Hoho religion. This religion is a variant of Buddhism. It was founded in 1939 by Vietnamese Huang Fuchu. Because the village where Huang Fuchu lived was called "Hehe Village", it was named after it, which means filial piety and friendship. Like Buddhism, this religion also stresses compassion. Love, great harmony and karma, believers are mostly farmers, also known as "peasant Buddhism." Hehao teaches monks, but does not build temples. Instead of images of deities and buddhas, believers offer Buddha twice in the morning and evening. The offerings are flowers and clear water, with flowers representing faithfulness and clear water representing purity.

During my short few months in Vietnam, I was fortunate to see Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam celebrating the Southern Liberation Day. Vietnamese friends say that April 31th is the most memorable day for the people in the south of Vietnam, because on April 31th, 1975, the south of Vietnam was liberated.

As the liberation day approaches, cities in the south, especially Ho Chi Minh City, present a lively scene.

Bright national flags are hung in the streets and alleys, and the red flags are fluttering when walking in the streets; All units carry out various preparatory work; Families are also beaming ... People are easily infected by this atmosphere.

The most exciting thing is that a large-scale ethnic customs garden was held in Unity Square in the center of Ho Chi Minh City, where you can see all kinds of customs of Vietnam, which is a microcosm of Vietnam.

Vietnam's human chess is the most special. What attracts people's attention is the huge chessboard, but the most curious thing is that some people are standing on the chessboard and wearing marked clothes. They are "chess pieces". By the "commander in chief" outside the court, the attack route of "chess pieces" is commanded, and the method of playing chess is similar to that of China. When the "chess pieces" face each other, both sides try their best to fight each other, and the weak side is eliminated. The whole game of chess makes people feel alive.

Swing is also a traditional program in Vietnam.