What do you mean? Ten beautiful styles? It refers to the ten distinct and closely related specific aspects of the understanding and pursuit of the aesthetic feeling of food life by the upper class and food theorists in the history of China, and it is a systematic and complete national food thought that fully embodies the traditional cultural color and aesthetic feeling and pursuit. Below I have compiled the knowledge about the ten beauties of ancient diet for you, hoping it will be useful to you.
ten beauties of ancient diet: quality
The quality and nutrition of raw materials and finished products run through the whole diet activity, which is the premise, foundation and purpose of delicious food. Yuan Mei said:? Everything has its own innate nature? Poor physical properties, although cooked in Yi Ya, are tasteless? ，? Generally speaking, a delicacy, the chef's work ranks sixth, and the comprador's work ranks fourth. ? The quality beauty of raw materials is the foundation and soul of all other beauties, so it was put forward as a gourmet element long ago and has always been the basic element of China's ancient diet aesthetics. More than 2 centuries ago, our ancestors left in-depth discussions? The beauty of fish? 、? The beauty of food? 、? Who is the beauty of rice? 、? The beauty of fruit? A clear bibliography, that only the quality of materials can be? To taste? .
Ten beauties of ancient diet: fragrance
Smelling fragrance is one of the most important signs of food beauty, and it is also a key aesthetic link to identify beauty, predict delicacy and an important sensory index to test cooking skills. Smell can drum up emotions and stimulate appetite, so-called invisible. Those who smell it, ten steps away, are all escaping? . ? Sweet? Words express meaning, which originated from people's feelings about the beauty of diet. Shuo Wen explains:? Xiang, Fang also. From millet, from sweet. ? The sages thought that the nourishment of millet and other foods can lead to the functions of teaching, etiquette and morality, and that the fragrance of grain is noble? De? The representation, so worship ghosts and gods? Mingde recommended fragrance? .
Ten beauties of ancient diet: color
The pleasing and moist color not only refers to the natural beauty of raw materials (quality beauty is the premise, but the cooking temperature and other factors are also very important), but also refers to the combination of various raw materials. Color beauty is also the first-instance evaluation index. Color beauty, not only can see the beauty of raw materials, but also can see the cooking skills such as cooking temperature are just right, and can also see the beauty of harmony between the colors of various raw materials. The aesthetic value of Yaozhuan can be basically determined through the intuitive judgment of two sensory indexes: color and fragrance. The so-called:? When it comes to the eyes and nose, there are differences in color and odor: whether it is pure as autumn clouds or bright as amber; Its fragrance is also coming to the nose. You don't have to decide it with your teeth and taste it with your tongue. ? What is pursued here is the true color, which is the inherent beauty of physical properties.
Ten beauties of ancient diet: the shape
is an artistic and aesthetic shape that reflects the delicious food effect and serves the purpose of eating. China's understanding and pursuit of the formal beauty of Yaozhuan in ancient food aesthetic thought is based on the beauty of raw materials and fully embodies the combination of natural form beauty and artistic conception beauty. Like China's ancient poems and paintings, it pursues a natural, simple and elegant artistic conception. For example, in the third year of Tang Jinglong (79), Wei Juyuan worshipped the left servant of Shangshu, and was in the banquet of gratitude? Born into twenty-four gas wonton? There are 24 kinds of flower-shaped fillings. Bafang cold food cake? (using wooden models),? Plain steaming sound department? (steamed noodles, like Penglai immortals, all 7 things), etc., all fully reflect the combination of shape and beauty. Many raw materials of birds, fish and small animals listed in earlier books such as The Book of Songs and Songs of the South are basically examples of their natural forms. In fact, this is also an important principle and main tradition of China's ancient food aesthetics. From the Han tombs in Mancheng? Roast suckling pig? , the Jin dynasty dignitaries Wang Ji? Steamed dolphin with human milk? Roasted whole cattle and whole camels in the northwest frontier in the Tang Dynasty and a large number of fish and sparrow dishes in the shops in the Song Dynasty all belong to this category. And claim to be? The first in the world? Cooked by the chef of Qufu Duke Yansheng Mansion? Fairy duck? 、? Phoenix in the same nest All can be its representatives.
ten beauties of ancient diet: utensils
exquisite and suitable cooking and drinking utensils, mainly catering utensils. Eating utensils include not only the dishes, tea, wine, spoons and other utensils that ordinary people understand, but also the special dining tables and chairs. ? Grape wine luminous cup? ，? Food is also suitable for beauty? ，? Food is not as good as beauty? Beauty wares have not only become one of the important standards for judging ancient cuisine, but also developed into an independent handicraft with unique appreciation standards. All metals, such as copper, bronze, iron, tin, gold, silver, aluminum, steel and alloy, non-metallic pottery, porcelain, jade, amber, agate, glass, glass, crystal, jadeite, bone, horn, snail shell, bamboo, wood and lacquer, can be made into utensils with their own characteristics.
ten beauties of ancient diet: taste
the taste of satisfying the appetite, which also refers to delicacy, and it emphasizes the raw materials? Innate? What is the beauty of nature and taste? Five flavors are harmonious? The compound delicious two aspects. This is the key to obtain delicious food effect during eating. Whether it is the innate taste of a single raw material or the interaction of multiple raw materials. Match? The compound flavor, all? Taste at the right time? , fully reflect the original taste,? Light is also, among the five flavors? In this way, we can fully appreciate the delicious raw materials. As mentioned above, taste discrimination is not only a physiological function, but also a skill, a high-level ability to appreciate food culture; Delicious is the main goal pursued by China's ancient diet, and the beauty of taste has become the highest ideal realm. Debating taste is a comprehensive appraisal activity of nose, eyes, tongue and spirit. Through smelling fragrance, observing color and shape, tasting and understanding flavor rhyme, it is finally completed.
Ten beauties of ancient diet: comfortable
taste, which is the pleasant effect of the touch of teeth and tongue. For? Suitable? Understanding and pursuit of? Slippery? 、? Crispy? Are the two most commonly used words, which left a large number of documents in the early ancient times. Rites of rites? Food doctor? Job title:? Adjust it to be smooth? ; ? Medical treatment? Job title:? To learn by sliding? ; The Book of Rites:? Why don't you slide it? And so on, all have the meaning of soft, tender, smooth and sharp mouth. Li Yushu again? On the beauty of vegetable food, is it clear, clean, fragrant and crisp? Wait. Anyway,? Crispy? It has the meaning of refreshing and crisp taste because of the beautiful texture of raw materials and ingenious cooking. ? Slippery? 、? Crispy? Besides, another important indicator of palatability is temperature. As recorded in "Meng Liang Lu":? Hangzhou people are very extravagant, and they call for answers, whether it is hot, cold, warm or absolutely cold, and they are poured and boiled, and the guests are free to call. ? What is particularly pointed out here is the difference of different temperatures of various dishes from extremely hot to extremely cold. It is a long-standing tradition in ancient China to pay attention to the temperature difference of dishes in order to pursue suitable food effects. In Yuan Mei's poem "Taste"? When the Pearl Fairy Dew was put on the plate? , that is, the heat of speculation, Everything tastes fresh, all in the pot, and try it at the front? , the so-called kill now, cook now, cook now, eat now, without stopping? . The aesthetic feeling caused by the proper sense of touch such as smoothness, crispness, heat, and coldness of the dishes makes the diners feel extremely comfortable in the process of eating, and achieves a pleasant artistic conception.
ten beauties of ancient food: preface
refers to the reasonable collocation of raw materials, temperature, color, taste and shade of a table or the whole banquet, the scientific order of serving, the harmony and rhythm of banquet design and eating process, etc. Pay attention? Order? It is the inevitable result of taking diet as a pleasure and seeking beautiful enjoyment in the process of eating. It can be traced back to the joyful activities of prehistoric human labor harvest and the ritual behaviors of early worship, from which people gained a special and grand sense of joy, and in the hierarchical society, it has developed into a prominent feature and strict aesthetic standard of the upper-class food culture. The strict order of the dietary activities of Zhou Tianzi and Wang Ting can be used as a powerful historical evidence of this period. Then, the records of banquets enjoyed by the upper classes in the past dynasties almost reflect to varying degrees? Order? The characteristics of. Yuan Hongdao, a famous food theorist in the Ming dynasty, was very clearly opposed? Spread the facts without order? List the dishes and enjoy the banquet. ? The method of serving food: salty food should be served first, light food should be served later, thick food should be served first, and thin food should be served later; Who has no soup should come first, and who has soup should come later? When the guest is full, the spleen is sleepy, so it must be vibrated with spicy; If you worry about drinking too much wine, your stomach will be exhausted, so you must use acid and sweetness to remind you. ? The reasonable design of the sequential rhythm and the spatial structure of coordination and collocation of meals and products makes the whole process of the whole banquet activity unfold, fluctuate, change, and finally complete, fully coordinated with the physiological and psychological changes of the banquet participants, and makes them enjoy themselves. Eat? In the enjoyment of culture.
Ten beauties of ancient food: the environment
an elegant, harmonious and refined banquet environment. Banquet environment is different from natural, artificial, internal, external, large and small. Dietary life has been a cultural aesthetic activity since people did it. Context? It naturally becomes one of the aesthetic factors. Books such as Zhou Li, Yi Li and Book of Rites describe the banquets of emperors, governors, doctors and scholars in different social classes, which reflects the banquet environment in the three dynasties. The literary work "The Book of Songs" also confirms it? Three gifts? Records of books, etc. The Book of Deception. July sings the story of the Western Zhou Dynasty from the common people to the nobles? Court? The feast scene to celebrate the harvest in the world:? Friends drink wine, saying that they kill lambs, and they go to court, saying that they are arrogant and have no boundaries. ? Court? , that is? Don't eat What? Don? , later generations? Canteen? This is where the word comes from. Therefore, Fu Bi, the minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, has? Boiling sheep only wins in the hall? ，? Savage? Not knowing? The taste of eating in the hall? Said. This is an artificial palace. And Jin Shi? Seven sages of bamboo forest? Bamboo groves, where people often gather to drink and sing, belong to the artificial environment. ? From a pot of wine among the flowers? Yes? Flower room? What is revealed is an artificial courtyard or garden with a bright moon above and a figure below, in the sky and underground. Yunhan? Far away, the territory is not small. Bai Juyi's "Boating in Spring on the Lake" is a natural environment. Who is the most amorous feelings among the guests who want to send Can Chun to invite wine companions? Two bottles are newly opened, and a song is newly taught. Parallel to the string of the pipe, the sleeves are green, which means that the ship is ordered to light a red silk. Take it slowly to the middle of the lake, just like a rhombic mirror going up. ? Wang Bo's Tengwang Pavilion will drink, and Ouyang Xiu's Zuiweng Pavilion will have a small banquet, all of which are a wonderful combination of nature, labor, big and small. Su Shi's "Qian Chibi Fu" takes the universe as the background. Yuan Hongdao's "government"? Drunk flowers? 、? Drunk snow? 、? Drunk building? 、? Drunk water? 、? Drunk moon? 、? Zuishan? Is it right to wait? Context? Discussion and evaluation of beauty. Of course, the aesthetics of the feast is more artificial, in the palace building. This is especially true in business cities where thousands of people gather together. From the capital of Song Dynasty? Big tea house? 、? Deli shop? Elegant interior, and more? Hanging a celebrity painting and calligraphy? ，? So stay for a long time? . As for the Ming and Qing dynasties? Restaurant? The architectural layout of restaurants and restaurants of various styles is more than that of previous dynasties. With the development of commercial economy and the prosperity of urban culture, the catering market and catering culture have also entered the heyday. One of its signs is that the design of the upper family hall and the restaurant building in the market is more specific and practical, and the layout is more rich in cultural color, thus highlighting people's understanding and pursuit of the beauty of the catering environment. The descriptions of literary works such as Ci Hua and A Dream of Red Mansions, as well as related historical materials such as natural history and paintings, confirm this point.
Ten beauties of ancient diet: fun
Pleasant taste and elegant style. At the same time, we should pursue spiritual enjoyment, and finally achieve the harmonious purpose and situation of life enjoyment. Therefore, along with the whole banquet process, various colorful activities such as singing, singing, dancing, playing on the silk and bamboo, moon-dancing, bo opera, elegant talk, wonderful banter, painting and calligraphy should be arranged, thus making the banquet process a three-dimensional and comprehensive cultural activity. Ten beauties are integrated into rhythm, and diet, as a physiological activity and a psychological process accompanying it, has become a harmonious enjoyment of body and mind that fully embodies cultural characteristics. Food aesthetics has reached a perfect state and reached the highest level of history and culture, so it is only then? The resort is not frequent, the grand banquet is hard to be repeated, the Lanting is gone, and the Zize Qiuxu, a farewell message, thanks to Wei Wei? All words are given, and all four rhymes are achieved? Feelings; Just achieved it? The meaning of drunkenness is not wine, but also between mountains and rivers? The swan song; To grow hair? Gai will look at it from its changers, then heaven and earth can't be in an instant; If you look at it from its unchangeable point of view, then things and I are endless, right? The profound and extraordinary here. Yuan Hongdao's "government" is a feast? Waiting for joy? Thirteen standards are listed, and at the same time, 16 disadvantages are pointed out that spoil the beauty of interest. The concentrated expression of ten beautiful styles can be expressed in one word, which is Yuan Hongdao's? Huan? That is, the taste style is elegant and refined, and the feast is over, and the aesthetic process of diet is over.