1. Western tableware

Western tableware in a broad sense includes knives, forks, spoons, plates, cups, napkins and so on. There are dish plates, pudding plates, milk plates, butter plates and so on. The wine glasses are even more exquisite. Almost every kind of wine should be served at formal banquets, and special wine glasses must be replaced.

In a narrow sense, tableware refers to three pieces: knife, fork and spoon. Knives are divided into edible knives, fish knives and meat knives (with serrated blades, used to cut steaks, pork chops, etc. ), butter knife, fruit knife. Forks are divided into edible forks, fish forks, meat forks and shrimp forks. Spoons are spoons, dessert spoons and teaspoons. The specifications of public knives and forks are obviously larger than those of table knives and forks.

Placement of tableware: the dinner plate is placed in the center of the dining table, and neatly folded napkins or paper are placed on the tray (some napkins or paper are also broken into stamens and put in the glass). Knives, forks and spoons on both sides are arranged in neat parallel lines. If you have a seat card, put it in front of the saucer. All knives are placed on the right side of the saucer, and the blade faces the saucer. All kinds of spoons are placed on the right side of the knife, with the center of the spoon facing up. The fork is placed on the left side of the saucer, with the fork teeth facing up. Generally, only three pairs of knives and forks are put in one seat. The bread plate is placed on the guest's left hand side, equipped with a bread knife (that is, a butter knife, which is used to spread cream and jam instead of cutting bread), and all kinds of wine glasses and cups are placed on the right front. If there is pasta, the spoon and fork for eating pasta are placed horizontally in front.

2. Use of tableware

Knife and fork grip. When using a knife, put the end of the handle in the palm of your hand, press your thumb on one side of the handle, press your forefinger on the handle, but be careful that your forefinger never touches the back of the knife, and the other three fingers bend to hold the handle. If the fork doesn't use a knife, the fork teeth should face up. Hold the fork as far as possible at the end of the fork handle, with the fork handle resting on the middle finger and supported by the ring finger and the little finger in the middle. Forks can be used to fork or eat alone, or to eat some starters and pies, or to eat main courses that don't need to be cut.

The use of knives and forks. Knife in right hand, fork in left hand. First hold the food with a fork, then cut it into small pieces with a knife, and then send it into your mouth with a fork. Europeans don't change hands when they use it, that is, they hold a fork in their left hand from cutting vegetables to delivering food. After cutting, the Americans put down the knife and changed their right hand to hold the fork to send the food into their mouth.

When the knife and fork are used together, the fork posture is similar to holding a knife, but the fork teeth should face down. Usually, the knife and fork are used together when eating the main course, but if it is not necessary to cut with a knife, you can cut with a fork. Both methods are correct.

Usage of spoon. Hold the spoon in your right hand and the fork in the same way, but your fingers must be at the end of the spoon handle. You can't eat anything but soup.

The use of napkins. When eating, the big napkin can be folded in half (usually folded in half) and spread on the leg, and the small napkin can be spread directly on the leg. Be careful not to hang napkins on your chest (but in places with little space, such as airplanes). When you wipe your mouth, use the top of the napkin and the inside to wipe your mouth. Never use it to wipe your face or clean knives, forks, plates, etc.

Dining etiquette of western food

Because the main difference between western food and Chinese food is in tableware, dishes, drinks and so on. Attending a western banquet should not only follow the basic etiquette of the Chinese banquet mentioned above, but also master the following etiquette knowledge respectively.

1. Tableware etiquette

When eating western food, you must pay attention to the placement and placement of tableware on the table, and you can't take it at will. At a formal banquet, each dish is equipped with a set of corresponding tableware (knife, fork and spoon), and the order of the above dishes is arranged from outside to inside. When eating, you should first take the outermost set of knives and forks on the left and right. After eating each dish, put the knife and fork together and put them on the plate, indicating that the dishes have been used up, and the waiter will take the initiative to remove the tableware. If you haven't finished eating or stopped, put the knife and fork on the plate in a figure of eight with the blade inward, which means telling the waiter that I haven't finished eating, please don't take the plate away.

When using a knife and fork, try not to let it collide, so as not to make a loud noise, and don't wave it to talk to others.

2. Dining etiquette

There are many kinds of western food with different flavors, so the order of serving varies with different cuisines and specifications, but the basic order is basically the same.

A meal consists of seven or eight complete western dishes, which are mainly composed of the following parts:

First, drinks (fruit juice), fruits or cold dishes, also called appetizers, are designed to stimulate appetite.

Second, soup (that is, the first course). You need a spoon. There is usually butter and bread at this time.

3. Vegetables, cold dishes or fish (also called side dishes). You can use the corresponding knife and fork on both sides of the saucer.

Fourth, the main course (meat or cooked vegetables). The main course meat is usually accompanied by cooked vegetables. At this time, you should cut it with a knife and fork and eat it on a plate. If you have salad, you need salad spoon, salad fork and other tableware.

Fifth, after-dinner food. Generally, it is dessert (dim sum), fruit, ice cream and so on. Finally, for coffee, use a coffee spoon and a long-handled spoon to drink coffee.

When eating, in addition to taking food with a knife, fork and spoon, you can sometimes take it with your hands. If you eat chicken or lobster, you can tear it by hand at the owner's suggestion. Eat cookies, potato chips or small fruits, and you can eat them with your hands. Bread is always held by hand, pay attention to the one in front of the left hand, and don't make mistakes. When taking bread, take it with your left hand and tear it with your right hand, then spread cream on it and eat it in small pieces. Don't soak the bread in the soup, and don't bite it down.

When you drink soup, you must not eat it on a plate. You must spoon it. The posture is: hold the edge of the dish with your left hand, scoop it with your right hand, don't drink soup at the end of the dish, don't make a squeak, and don't go too fast. If the soup is too hot, you should wait for it to cool naturally before drinking.

Be especially careful when eating meat or fish. After pressing it with a fork, cut it slowly with a knife. After cutting, eat with a fork. Never fork up and send it into your mouth to bite. This dish usually contains some lettuce, which is often used for decoration to increase appetite. It's up to you to eat or not. Don't eat for face.

The condiments on the table are usually ready to be put on the table. If the distance is too far, you can ask someone else to trouble you, and you can't reach it by yourself. This is ugly.

It is normal to talk to each other when eating western food, but you must not talk loudly, laugh loudly or smoke, especially when eating, chew slowly, don't make a loud noise in your mouth, and don't put a knife and fork in your mouth. As for holding a knife and fork as a gesture to wave in front of others, it is even more rude and uncultured.

Pay attention to sitting posture when eating western food. Sit up straight, your body should be straight, and your back should not be close to the back of the chair. You can usually sit in three-quarters of the seat. Don't stretch your legs, cross your legs, or put your elbows on the table.

When drinking, don't fill your glass too full, and don't persuade others to drink (these are different from Chinese food). If you have just finished eating greasy food, you'd better wipe your mouth before drinking, so as not to make the cup greasy with oil stains on your mouth. When toasting, even if you don't drink, you should touch your glass on your lips to show politeness.

Someone once summed up a polite drinking procedure: first, raise your glass, look straight into your eyes and appreciate the color; Secondly, a little closer, a faint smell of wine; Then, take a sip; Fourth, taste slowly; Finally, praise the good wine and its fragrance.

In a word, western food pays attention to both etiquette and rules. Only by mastering it carefully can we be gentle when eating.

Formal western etiquette (study together)

1, the trick to making an appointment. The more upscale the hotel, the more you need to make an appointment in advance. When making an appointment, you should indicate not only the number and time, but also whether you want a smoking area or a seat with a good view. If it is a birthday or other special day, you can tell the purpose and budget of the banquet. It is basic courtesy to arrive within the scheduled time.

No matter how expensive casual clothes are, you can't just wear them to the restaurant.

It is common sense for Europeans and Americans to dress appropriately when eating. To go to high-end restaurants, men should wear neat tops and leather shoes; A lady should wear a suit and shoes with heels. If formal clothes are required, men must wear ties.

4. Sit on the left side of the chair. The most suitable sitting position is sitting on the left. When the chair is opened, the body will stand up straight at a distance that almost touches the table. The leader pushes the chair in, and the legs bend and touch the chair behind, so you can sit down.

When eating, the upper arm and back should lean on the back of the chair, and the abdomen should keep a distance of about a fist from the table. Sitting with your feet crossed is best avoided.

6. The order of serving a full set of dinner is: ① dish and soup; ② Cod liver oil; 3 fruits; 4 meat; 5 milk and cold cheese; 6 dessert and coffee; 6 fruit; Aperitif and table wine. There's no need to order them all. It's impolite to order too much and not finish it. People who only order appetizers are not welcome in restaurants with a little standard. Appetizers, main courses (fish or meat) and desserts are the most suitable combinations. Ordering is not an appetizer, but a favorite main course, and then a soup suitable for the main course.

7. Don't pretend to be an expert when ordering wine. In high-end restaurants, bartenders who are good at tasting will bring wine lists. For those who don't know much about wine, it's best to tell him the dishes he chooses, the budget and the taste of his favorite wine, and let the bartender help him choose.

8. If the main course is meat, it should be served with red wine and fish with white wine. Before serving, you might as well have a glass of light wine such as champagne, sherry or Jill.

9. Napkins can be opened before meals. After ordering, before the appetizer is served, open the napkin, fold in one third, and let two thirds lie flat on the leg to cover the leg above the knee. It's best not to stuff napkins into the neckline.

10, gently hold the cup foot with three fingers. Wine service is usually the waiter who is responsible for pouring a small amount of wine into the cup, so that guests can tell whether there is a problem with the quality. Think of it as a formality. Just take a sip and sign it back. Then, the waiter will come and pour the wine. Don't start taking the cup at this time, but put it on the table for the waiter to pour. The correct posture of holding a cup is to gently hold the foot of the cup with your fingers. In order to prevent the temperature of the hand from increasing the temperature of the wine, hold the foot of the cup with your thumb, middle finger and forefinger, and put the little finger on the bottom of the cup to fix it.

1 1, the method of drinking. When drinking, never inhale, but tilt the glass, just like putting the wine on your tongue. Shake the glass gently and let the wine come into contact with the air to enhance the mellow taste of the wine, but don't shake the glass violently. In addition, it is impolite to drink it in one breath and look at people through the glass while drinking. Don't wipe the lipstick mark on the rim of the cup with your fingers. You'd better wipe it with a paper towel.

12, no soup. Scoop the soup from back to front with a spoon, put the bottom of the spoon on the position of the lower lip, and send the soup to the mouth. The angle between the spoon and the mouth is preferably 45 degrees. The upper body leans forward slightly. There is not much soup left in the bowl. You can raise the bowl a little with your fingers. If the soup is in a bowl with a grip, you can drink it directly with the grip.

13, how to eat bread. Tear it into small pieces with your hands first, and then eat it with your left hand. When eating hard bread, tearing it by hand is not only laborious, but also the crumbs will fall all over the floor. At this time, you can cut it in half with a knife and then tear it into pieces by hand. To avoid cutting bread like a saw, you should insert the knife into the other half first. When cutting, you can fix the bread by hand to avoid making noise.

14, how to eat fish. Fish is tender and crisp, so restaurants often prepare special spoons instead of knives. This spoon is a little bigger than ordinary soup. It can not only divide the dishes, but also scoop up the sauce to eat together. If you want to eat other mixed vegetables, you'd better use a fork. First, stab a straight line near the cheek with a knife. Don't pierce the tip of the knife, only half of it. After picking up the upper body of the fish, start from the beginning, put the knife and fork under the bone, cut it in the direction of the fish tail, remove the needle bone and move it to the corner of the plate. Finally, cut off the fish tail. From left to right, eat while cutting.

How to use a knife and fork? The basic principle is to hold a knife or spoon in your right hand and a fork in your left. If there are more than two, you should take them from the outermost one in turn. The way to hold a knife and fork is to gently hold the tail end and press the index finger on the handle. The spoon can be held with a pen. If you feel inconvenient, you can change your right hand to hold the fork, but it is impolite to change it frequently. When eating big vegetables, you can fold and cut them with a knife and fork. Soft food can be put on a fork and arranged with a knife.

16, have a rest, knife and fork. If you want to put down your knife and fork and have a rest in the middle of eating, you should put the knife and fork in the center of the plate in a figure of eight. If the knife and fork stick out of the plate, it is neither safe nor beautiful. It's impolite to wave a knife and fork when talking. Put the knife and fork at four o'clock after eating.

Western food dating etiquette

The more upscale the hotel, the more you need to make an appointment in advance.

When making an appointment, you should indicate not only the number and time, but also whether you want a smoking area or a seat with a good view. If it is a birthday or other special day, you can tell the purpose and budget of the banquet.

It is basic courtesy to arrive at the scheduled time.

No matter how expensive casual clothes are, you can't just wear them to the restaurant. In Europe and America, it is common sense to dress appropriately when eating. When going to a high-end restaurant, men should dress neatly; A lady should wear a suit and shoes with heels. If formal clothes are required, men must wear ties.

Formal western food etiquette

The main course needs to be cut with a knife, one at a time.

Noodles are rolled with forks.

Bread should be torn off by hand and put into your mouth, not eaten with your mouth.

Don't make any noise when you drink soup.

Fruit is eaten with a fork.

Proper use of tableware: the left fork fixes the food and the right knife cuts the food. Tableware is taken from the outside to the inside, and each tableware is used once.

Don't pile knives and forks on the right when you haven't finished eating. The handles are all on the right. In this case, the waiter will think that you have finished eating and will take your food away.

Western food that can be eaten by hand.

1. The leaves of raw vegetables are covered with food, such as pigeon floss, shrimp floss and Vietnamese spring rolls. It is even more inconvenient if you don't grab it with your hands, but you should pay attention to the seasoning and dipping sauce to avoid dripping on the table.

2. Asparagus: You can gently hold it with your fingers, then dip it in salad or seasoning and send it directly to your mouth, but it is advisable to use one asparagus at a time.

3. Bacon: This refers to those fried and crispy. Eating with a knife and fork will be very inconvenient. Not only will everything be broken, but the fork will not work. Use your fingers well!

4. Bread: Bread is generally eaten by hand. It's best not to tear it too big at a time. It's better to eat it in one bite or two. Few people abroad eat bread with knives and forks, just as no one in China eats steamed bread with chopsticks.

5. Cookies: You can eat any kind of cookies with your hands unless you accidentally drop them into your coffee and have to use a spoon.

6. Boil corn: Don't hesitate to face the whole corn in front of you. You can pick it up naturally by hand, perhaps with some cream first, and then eat it in rows.

7. Fried chicken, French fries, potato chips, hamburgers, etc. Everyone knows that these so-called fast foods must be eaten by hand unless they have been drenched with too much sauce.

8. Meatballs, snacks, etc. This kind of food often appears at cocktail parties. You know, the host must have thought about what kind of food a guest can take with his other hand if he holds a glass in one hand.

9. Sandwich: Didn't you think of that? Sandwiches are also eaten by hand, unless there are too many contents in the middle of the sandwich, or the juice is saturated and constantly oozing out.

10. Fruits with stalks: such as cherries, grapes and strawberries. You can gently pinch the petiole with your fingers and eat it one by one, which is elegant and natural.