An important festival of Li nationality
Li nationality is a monogamous patriarchal family. Whose children live outside when they grow up? Shantytown? After marriage, once the wife settled in her husband's house, the husband and wife separated from their parents and did not cook. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, early marriage was decided by parents, but before marriage, we were free to fall in love. The custom of not leaving her husband's house after marriage (the bride returns to her family for one or two years or even seven or eight years before settling in her husband's house after marriage) is prevalent. Children born out of wedlock are not discriminated against. Divorce and widow remarriage are more free.
Li women tie a bun at the back of their heads, insert hairpins made of porcupine hair or metal and cow bones, and wear embroidered headscarves. Their coats are buttonless blue and they wear plain skirts with embroidery patterns. When they dress up, they wear collars, bracelets, anklets, earrings and so on. In some places, women's earrings are numerous and heavy, and the roots of their ears hang down to their shoulders. Hey? . Residents in some areas still retain their ancient names? Sculpture problem? Tattooing and tattooing customs, especially for women, are generally completed between the age of 12 and before marriage, and some are completed after marriage. Tattoo tools are plant needles, small bamboo sticks and plant dyes. Tattoos are mainly located on the face, neck, chest and limbs. Tattoo patterns vary greatly in different regions. This custom has basically disappeared and can only be seen in remote areas. This man has a mane wrapped around his head. His coat has no collar and double-breasted buttons. He wears two overhangs in front and back. These clothes are made of cotton and hemp. They are self-spinning, self-weaving, self-dyeing and self-sewing. The diet is relatively simple, with rice, sweet potatoes and corn as the staple food, mostly non-staple food collected by hunting, only a small amount of vegetables are planted, and most of them are imported from Han areas. Women like to chew betel nuts. Most houses are golden huts, and the walls are made of mud and bamboo. In the remote mountainous areas and harmonious areas of Baisha County, there are still boat-shaped houses with roofs like awnings and floors above the ground.
Funeral ceremony of Li nationality
Funeral ceremonies vary from place to place, and there are also customs close to Han areas, such as stopping coffins, watching Feng Shui and choosing the place where the grave begins. Because Li people believe that ghosts are everywhere and will harm people, they are very afraid of all ghosts, including those of their ancestors. Therefore, the dead in the harmonious area are buried in the clan's public cemetery, with only a wooden coffin, no graves and monuments, and no sacrifices after death.
Most festivals of the Li nationality are the same as those of the Han nationality, such as the Spring Festival, which is basically the same as those of the Han nationality. Before the Spring Festival, every household will have New Year's Eve dinner and make New Year's wine. Lamp leaf? (Even a kind of rice cake is eaten with glutinous rice cake. The method is as follows: pour the cooked glutinous rice into a mortar until it is elastic, then knead a piece and pat it into the size of a palm, so that you can taste the new glutinous rice. ) Lamp leaves can be stored for a period of time, that is, they become very tough and can be sliced with a sharp knife and then baked or fried, which has a special flavor. In some areas, Li compatriots will also make a Chinese New Year jiaozi without meat stuffing. On New Year's Eve, we began to worship our ancestors, eat New Year's dinner and drink New Year's wine. On the first day, everyone should stay indoors. On the second day, they will go out to visit relatives and friends, or go hunting in the mountains, or touch shrimps in the river, and hold various festivals with ethnic characteristics until the fifteenth day of the first month. Special festival of Li nationality? March third? This is a legend that originated from the ancestors and descendants of the Li nationality. On this day, young men and women wear beautiful national costumes, men hold black umbrellas and Shan Lan wine, and women carry small waist baskets, hiding glutinous rice cakes and dried bacon. They worship their ancestors in front of the legendary mother's cave, and then eat the food they brought together, have fun together and see the right people. After the photo shoot, the man and the woman told each other about this song and ate a heart filled with sugar? Lamp leaf? Cake.
Bamboo rice, a typical food, is a traditional flavor food of Li nationality. Besides:? Item? There are two kinds of Li cuisine. What's it called in Chinese? Fish tea? And then what? Meat tea? ; Glutinous rice cake.
The Religious Belief of Li Nationality
Li nationality has not formed a unified religious belief. Ancestor worship and nature worship are the main forms in all regions. There are still traces of clan totem worship in some areas. Li people believe in ghosts, especially those of their ancestors. Sacrificing ancestors is an important religious activity of the Li people to protect the safety of their families. In order to commemorate the great achievements of Li mothers in cultivating Li people, Li people warned future generations that women's embroidery and tattoos were the rules set by their ancestors. If women don't embroider and tattoo, their ancestors will not recognize each other after their death-ancestor worship.
The national diet of Li nationality
The Li people mainly live in Wuzhishan District of Hainan Province in the south of China, which is located in the subtropical zone with beautiful and charming scenery.
Li people are used to eating three meals a day, mainly rice, and sometimes eating some miscellaneous grains. It is customary to store the harvested ears of rice in a barn and thresh them with a wooden mortar when eating. The first method of cooking is to cook in a pottery pot or an iron pot, which is roughly the same as the braised rice method of the Han nationality.
The other is a distinctive picnic method, that is, take down a bamboo tube, put in a proper amount of rice and water, bake it in the fire, and cut open the bamboo tube to take out the rice when eating. This is famous? Bamboo rice? .
If game and lean meat are mixed with fragrant glutinous rice and a small amount of salt and then put into a bamboo tube to cook fragrant glutinous rice, it will be more fragrant and delicious, and it will be a delicious food for guests.
Sweet glutinous rice is a specialty of Li nationality. Do you have sweet glutinous rice stew? A mouthful of fragrant rice is cooked, and a hundred families smell it? Great.
? Lei Gonggen? It is a kind of wild vegetable that Li compatriots often eat. It is a very delicious dish cooked with small fish, shrimp or meat bones in the river. ? Lei Gonggen? It can also be used medicinally, and it can diminish inflammation and detoxify. ? South kill? It is a side dish that Li compatriots used to eat, but? South kill? The hygienic conditions of making are not easy to master, and now it is rarely made and eaten.
? Item? It is a delicious food of Li nationality, which can only be eaten on festivals or when guests come to the door. There are "fish tea" and "meat tea".
The Li family likes to eat rat meat. mountain rat, voles, house mice and squirrels all eat rat meat. Every family has a bamboo mousetrap. If you install dozens of mousetraps at a time, you can catch dozens of mice the next day. Li people used to burn the captured mice, take out their internal organs, wash them, add seasonings such as salt and ginger, and bake or cook them on the fire.
Most Li compatriots are addicted to alcohol, and most of the wines they drink are homemade low-alcohol rice wine, sweet potato wine and cassava wine. The wine brewed from Shan Lan rice is a famous wine, which is often used as a valuable gift. This kind of wine is commonly used by the Li family to entertain distinguished guests. In some places, people are used to using small bamboo tubes to suck wine and respect guests.
Li compatriots usually like to chew betel nuts. The edible method of betel nut is to cut betel nut into petals, wrap it with cypress leaves, add lime cream and tobacco, and chew it carefully in your mouth, which can make people look flushed and refreshed after drinking. Eat areca also has the efficacy of preventing and treating diseases and beauty beauty, so Li compatriots regard betel nut as a healthy and long-lived food.
Under the conditions of tropical geographical environment, Li nationality's diet is unique. Diet is everyone's daily concern. With the development of social productive forces, the diet has been continuously improved. The traditional dietary customs of Li nationality are very rich in form and content, forming a unique dietary culture.
1. Rice: The material is rice. Rice is divided into white rice, Redmi and glutinous rice. The process of cooking rice is to make a fire in a triangular stone furnace and then put it in a pot. After the water in the pot is boiled, press the rice under the water and stir it evenly with a spoon. The heat is moderate. When the rice is half cooked, cover it, take out the firewood from the stove, and stew the rice into delicious rice with the waste heat of charcoal.
Second, Shan Lan rice: Shan Lan rice has good quality and rich nutrition. Cooked rice, fragrant, is the top grade of the Li family to welcome guests.
3. Bamboo tube rice: soak rice in water, filter dry, mix it with lean meat, spiced powder and appropriate amount of salt, put it in a bamboo tube (made of raw mangosteen or young bamboo of domestic Yunzhu), then put in appropriate amount of water, and block the seal with banana leaves. Then put the bamboo tube into the fire and bake it slowly to make the bamboo tube dry. What does Li call bamboo rice? Mei Lan? . Bamboo rice is fragrant and delicious, and people often take it as dinner when they go out for a long trip. Bamboo rice should also be cooked during festivals. Bamboo rice is not easy to deteriorate and can be stored for one week. Contemporary bamboo rice has become people's favorite to taste Li's flavor at hotel banquets.
4. Sweet potato rice: Every household in the Li nationality grows sweet potatoes. The production of sweet potato rice is quite unique: the raw sweet potato is washed and cut into small pieces, put into the rice until it is half cooked, and 30% rice and 20% sweet potato are mixed to make porridge or dry rice. The other is to cut sweet potatoes into small pieces, dry them in the sun, and cook porridge with rice. Eating sweet potato porridge in summer is sweet and delicious, cool and antipyretic, and has a health care function.
Five, pumpkin rice: Wuzhishan area, people often cook pumpkin rice. When making pumpkin rice, peel off the melon skin, remove the pulp, cut the melon meat into small pieces, mix it with rice and cook it into porridge or dry rice. Or mix glutinous rice with pumpkin meat, steam it into rice in a steamer, and mash it with a wooden mortar to make pumpkin rice balls, which is a unique flavor.
6. Rice with turmeric: Crush raw turmeric and cook it with rice. Rice is yellow, has a unique flavor, has the efficacy of clearing away heat and toxic materials, and has a nourishing effect on lying-in women.
Seven, corn rice: corn is planted in the mountain vegetable garden in the mountainous area, and the recovered corn is threshed and dried. Put the sun-dried corn kernels into a wooden mortar, add appropriate amount of water, mash the corn into powder, and then remove the shell with a dustpan to keep the corn kernels uniform. It can be cooked into corn porridge or mixed with rice to cook dry rice. Corn rice is rich in nutrition and is one of the staple foods of the Li family.
Relevant customs and habits of ethnic minorities:
1. What are the customs of Dulong? Historical customs of Dulong ethnic minority.
2. What are the customs of the Menba people? The historical customs of the ethnic minority Menba.
3. What are the customs and habits of Baoan people? Diet and holiday customs of Baoan nationality.
4. What are the customs of the Jing people? Dietary customs of Jing people in China.