How much do you know about the Dragon Boat Festival (for your choice):

▲The origin of the Dragon Boat Festival

The Dragon Boat Festival, which falls on May 5th of the lunar calendar, is the most important event in summer. A festival. Generally speaking, it is believed that the Dragon Boat Festival originated from the activities to commemorate Qu Yuan. However, many popular Dragon Boat Festival customs have a longer history than the legend of Qu Yuan. Some scholars speculate based on this that the Dragon Boat Festival may have another origin. One of the theories is that the Dragon Boat Festival originates from the taboo on bad days.

The Dragon Boat Festival falls in the fifth month of the lunar calendar, which is the season of severe epidemics in midsummer, commonly known as the "evil month". Therefore, "Xia Xiaozheng" says: "(In May), store orchids and bean sprouts." "Dadaili" says: "Growing orchids is for bathing." The purpose of bathing is to cleanse and eliminate poisonous gases. This is an active preventive measure taken against the evil month of May. Everything you do during this period is based on the principle of rest and tranquility. "Book of Rites. Monthly Order": "In midsummer, Yin and Yang compete, life and death are divided, a gentleman fasts; he stops his sex and lust, and restrains his desires." At the same time, there are many taboos in May. According to Ying Shao's (AD 178) "Customs - Shiji Chapter", there were proverbs in the Han Dynasty such as "If you get an official position in the fifth month, you will not move until you are exempted from it" and "Building a house in the fifth month will make people bald". May 5th is an especially bad day. In addition to being taboo about "exposing the bed and recommending seats", there is even a proverb about "not raising the child in May". "Historical Records? Biography of Mengchangjun" records that Mengchangjun was born on May 5th, and his father Tian Ying planned to abandon him. Because Tian Ying believes: "Those who are born in the fifth month will grow up to the same age as their parents, which will be detrimental to their parents." The taboo of this bad day is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Up until now, we can still find out the ingredients for avoiding viruses and epidemics from many Dragon Boat Festival customs.

The second theory of the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival was proposed by Mr. Wen Yiduo. Wen Yiduo pointed out in the article "Dragon Boat Test": The two most important activities of the Dragon Boat Festival-the boat race and eating rice dumplings, are both related to dragons. He first quoted a passage from "Xu Qi Xie Ji" written by Wu Jun (AD 467-520):

Qu Yuan threw himself into Miluo and died on the fifth day, and the people of Chu mourned him. On this day, rice is stored in bamboo tubes and water is poured into it as a sacrifice. During the Jianwu period of the Han Dynasty, when I was in Ouhui, Changsha, I suddenly saw a man during the day. He called himself Dr. Sanlu, and said: "You should see the sacrifice, it is very good. But what I often left behind was stolen by the bitter dragon. If it is helpful now, you can use neem leaves." Block it and tie it with colorful silk. These two things are what the dragon is afraid of." Huiyi said. People in the world make rice dumplings with colorful silk and neem leaves, which are all the legacy of Miluo.

At the same time, Wen Yiduo cited several examples from literature to support his theory. These records also show that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is closely related to the dragon. Wen Yiduo speculated based on this that the Dragon Boat Festival may have originally been just a festival for the Wuyue people in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It has been said since ancient times that Wuyue is a country of tattoos. As for the purpose of the broken hair tattoo, it is to "like the dragon child" to avoid injury. Ying Shao's note in "Hanshu Geography": "(Yue people) are often in the water, so they cut off their hair and tattooed their bodies to resemble dragons, so there is no harm." Wen Yiduo concluded that the Dragon Boat Festival should be This is the day when a nation with the dragon as its totem holds a totem sacrifice. In other words, a festival of dragons.

Although these statements explain certain specific phenomena, if any of them is regarded as the single origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, it would be a pity to overgeneralize. Rather than this, it is better to say that the evil sun and the dragon totem are both possible sources of the Dragon Boat Festival. In the process of historical development, they merged with each other. It was not until the addition of the legend of Qu Yuan that they added new impetus. The Dragon Boat Festival has since grown and become an important festival.

▲The legend of the Dragon Boat Festival

According to the "Historical Records" "Qu Yuan Jia Sheng Biography" records, Qu Yuan was a minister during the reign of King Huai of Chu. "He is skilled in rhetoric. When he enters, he discusses state affairs with the king and gives orders; when he goes out, he receives guests and deals with the princes, and the king takes charge of them." Because he was favored by King Huai of Chu, he aroused the jealousy of Shangguan officials and his minister Yin Zilan, who slandered Qu Yuan before King Huai of Chu and King Qingxiang who succeeded him. As a result, the King of Chu gradually alienated Qu Yuan, refused to accept his advice, and finally even exiled Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was filled with grief and anger and wandered around the world. After writing his last work "Huaisha", he threw himself into the Miluo River with a stone in his arms.

Decades after Qu Yuan's death, the Chu State was finally destroyed by Qin due to slanderous ministers and misdirected the country. But Qu Yuan, a tragic hero who was loyal but suspicious, still lives in the hearts of the people of Chu. The following story can be used to illustrate the Chu people's love for Qu Yuan.

It is said that after Qu Yuan threw himself into the river, the people of Chu State were extremely sad and flocked to the Miluo River to pay their respects to Qu Yuan. The fishermen set up their boats and went up and down the river to retrieve his body. A fisherman also took out the rice dumplings, eggs and other food he had prepared in advance and threw them into the river, saying that if the fish and shrimps could eat them, they would not bite Doctor Qu's body. An old doctor took a jar of realgar wine and poured it into the river, saying that the medicine would stun the dragon so that it could not hurt Doctor Qu.

Not long after, a faint dragon floated on the water, with a piece of Dr. Qu's clothes still on its beard. People pulled the evil dragon ashore, cramped its tendons, and wrapped its tendons around the children's hands and necks. They also wiped the seven orifices with realgar wine, so that poisonous snakes and pests would not dare to harm these children.

It is said that the day Qu Yuan threw himself into the river was May 5th. From then on, every year on May 5th, people row dragon boats, eat rice dumplings, and drink realgar wine to commemorate Qu Yuan.

In some areas, calamus or mugwort is placed on the door during the Duanshi Festival. This is of course because mugwort has the function of removing poison. However, there is a folk theory about the origin of this custom.

During the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao led troops to rebel. Wherever he went, millions of people were killed and rivers of blood flowed. As soon as the people heard that Huang Chao was coming, they fled in a hurry.

In May of this year, Huang Chao's army invaded Henan and came to Dengzhou City. Huang Chao rode to the outside of the city to survey the terrain. He saw waves of old, weak, women and children pouring out of the city. He saw a The woman was carrying a bundle, holding a younger boy with one hand, and holding an older boy with the other. Huang Chao felt strange, so he dismounted and asked, "Sister-in-law, where are you going in such a hurry?" The woman replied, "I heard that Huang Chao is a murderous villain and will attack Dengzhou soon. All the men in the city have been drafted to defend the city. We, old and young, might as well escape as soon as possible."

Huang Chao pointed at the child and asked her: "Why are you holding the small one in your arms, but holding the big one in your arms? What?" The woman said, "The one I am holding in my arms is my biological son. If the situation is critical, I would rather lose my son than to save my uncle. A root seedling was left at home."

Huang Chao was deeply moved after hearing this, and said to the woman: "Sister-in-law, go back quickly and put calamus and mugwort at the door. This will help Huang Chao. The army will not hurt you."

The woman was skeptical, but she still returned to the city and spread the news. The next day was the Dragon Boat Festival in May. Huang Chao's army entered the city and saw calamus and mugwort hung on the doors of every house. In order to keep his promise to the woman, Huang Chao had no choice but to lead his troops away, and the whole city was spared.

To commemorate this event, every Dragon Boat Festival thereafter, people would put calamus and mugwort on their doors. This custom has been passed down to this day.

▲Customs of the Dragon Boat Festival

Before the legend of Qu Yuan was widely circulated, the customs of the Dragon Boat Festival still followed the taboos on evil days, with health care and avoiding epidemics as the main principles. The "Monthly Order of the Four People" written by Cui Shi (died in 170) records: "On the fifth day of this month (May), you can make wine; combine it with Zhili Huanglian Pills and Cholera Pills; collect Pleiades and Toads, and combine them to create "Except for the pills that treat dystocia, the rest are pills for treating common summer diseases such as diarrhea and heat stroke."

Ying Shao's "Customs" records: "On May 5th, the sun is tied with colorful silk arms, and the name is long and the life is long. , a Zhu Suo, protects soldiers and ghosts, and protects people from diseases and plagues. "Just from the names such as "longevity" and "extended life", we can know how much people were afraid of the evil sun's impact on life. threaten. Not only do they make pills to cure diseases, but they also rely on colorful silk for psychological defense to resist supernatural, invisible ghosts and military disasters.

Despite these concerns, the vitality of the Dragon Boat Festival has not been reduced, and the custom of actively praying for blessings can still be seen everywhere. Zhou Chu (240-ca. 299)'s "Feng Tu Ji" records that the emerging Dragon Boat Festival customs in the Jin Dynasty include: "picking mugwort and hanging on the door, stepping on the grass, racing on the ferry" and so on. Hanging moxa is of course to ward off poison, but stepping on the grass is a game later called "fighting the grass". The custom of racing, which is regarded as a characteristic of the Dragon Boat Festival, also appeared at this time. According to the note in "The Chronicles of Jingchu" written by Zong Mao (ca. 498-565): "According to the race on May 5th, it is customary for Qu Yuan to throw himself into Miluo Sun, injuring the place where he died, so he ordered the boat to save him. "Historical Records does not actually record the date when Qu Yuan threw himself into the river. This theory was influenced by legend." In fact, racing and praying for peace. On the surface, it is a race to save Qu Yuan, but the basic spirit still remains true to the original intention of worshiping the evil sun to drive away evil spirits.

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Dragon Boat Festival was also called the "Orchid Bathing Festival", and there was a custom of picking mugwort in Jingchu area. You should start picking mugwort before the rooster crows, and select the most human-like mugwort to take back and hang on the door, or used for acupuncture. It is said that this mugwort has special curative effects during acupuncture. Most people tie mugwort into a tiger shape, or cut a ribbon to make a tiger, then paste mugwort leaves on it, and wear it during the Dragon Boat Festival. In addition to picking mugwort, calamus is also picked to make wine.

By the Tang Dynasty, the Dragon Boat Festival had become an important festival, and there were various celebrations in the court. Emperors of the Tang Dynasty mostly rewarded their ministers on Dragon Boat Festival. Volume 35 of "Tang Huiyao" written by Wang Pu (922-982) records that in the 18th year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty gave "Feibai Fan" with an imperial inscription to his eldest son Wuji and Yang Shidao. He said: "It is an old custom for five days to congratulate each other with clothes and games. Now I give each of you two flying white fans to stir the breeze to increase your virtue." Not only favored ministers are rewarded, but general civil and military officials are also rewarded. Ma Jin's (approximately mid-10th century) "Zhonghua Ancient and Modern Notes" records that during the Dragon Boat Festival, civil servants were given black tortoiseshell belts and military officers were given black and silver belts. "Book of Tang? Records of Rites and Music" also records that during the Tianbao period, clothes and fans were presented to the ancestral mausoleum during the Dragon Boat Festival.

Wang Renyu (880-956)'s "Kaiyuan Tianbao Legacy" records the time of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty: "Every Dragon Boat Festival in the palace, flour dumplings and horned millet are made and stored in gold plates. Use small horns Make a bow, which is delicate and cute. Use an arrow to shoot the dough on the plate, and the one who hits it will get the food. The dough is slippery and difficult to shoot. This game is popular in the city. "However, this is only a game that can only be played by wealthy people, and ordinary people can't afford it. During the Dragon Boat Festival, you can only use economical fans to cope with the occasion. Li Nao (who lived after about 880) recorded in "Qin Zhong Sui Shi Ji": "Two days before the Dragon Boat Festival, the East Market is called Fan City, and there are many cars and horses.

"The first volume of "Yunxian Miscellaneous Notes" by Bo Zhi (who lived around 904) also quoted from "Jinmen New Year's Day Notes": "Luoyang people... put filigree pavilions on their temples during the Dragon Boat Festival, and gave fans as gifts to avoid the plague. . "(Early fans were mostly made of cattail leaves. Since calamus has the effect of removing poison, the so-called plague-avoiding fan may have evolved from this).

The emerging Dragon Boat Festival customs in the Tang Dynasty, as well as The so-called "Five Hours Picture". The first volume of "Youyang Zazu" written by Duan Chengshi (about 803-863) records: "Women in the Northern Dynasty would enter the Five Hours Picture and the Five Hours Flowers on the fifth day and put them on the tent. "The so-called "Five Seasons Diagram" is to draw snakes, scorpions, toads, lizards and centipedes on paper, also known as the "Five Poison Talisman". It is said that these five poisonous creatures only dare to fight with each other when they exist at the same time. Therefore, hanging the five-hour chart can prevent these poisonous insects from causing trouble.

The Dragon Boat Festival objects in the Song Dynasty are more exquisite than those in previous dynasties. (1147) Volume 8 records: Dragon Boat Festival items include Baisuo, mugwort, silver-shaped drums, colorful painted fans, fragrant candies, small rice dumplings, and white balls, all cut with velvet. The fragrant medicines are mixed together and wrapped in plum-red boxes. From May 1st to the day before the Dragon Boat Festival, peaches, willows, sunflowers, cattail leaves, and Buddha moxa are sold every day. , tea and wine were offered, and mugwort was pinned to the door, and the scholars and common people presented the feast to each other.

Chen Shiliang (about 1225-1264) quoted from Volume 21 of "Sui Sui Guang Ji". "Miscellaneous Notes" mentions a kind of "Duan Wu made of red and white colors like a bag, with colored threads running through it, making it look like a flower." Either with a tape or a nail on the door, with a red mouth and a white tongue, which is also called twitching money. "And another kind of "clam powder bell": "On the fifth day of the Dragon Boat Festival, take clam powder into the silk and decorate it with cotton, like a few beads. Let children wear it to absorb sweat. "The contents of these portable bags have changed several times, from clam powder to absorb sweat, talismans to ward off evil spirits, copper coins, realgar powder to repel insects, to sachets filled with spices, and the production has become increasingly sophisticated, becoming a unique item of the Dragon Boat Festival. Folk art.

The ingenuity of the Song Dynasty is not limited to this. They also add some patterns to the calamus and mugwort to make their appearance artistic. " (prefaced in 1274) Volume 3 records the Dragon Boat Festival in Hangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty: "The Heavenly Master was bound with mugwort and grass, and hung on the forehead of the door, or the head of a tiger was hung on the white lake. "There are also people who make clay statues of the Heavenly Master, with moxa as the head and garlic as the fist, hanging on the door to ward off evil spirits. "The Heavenly Master" and "Tiger" are the two most common images that appear before the Dragon Boat Festival, because of their majestic appearance. It is powerful enough to deter evil spirits and heretics. At the same time, we can see the influence of Taoism on Dragon Boat Festival customs.

Since the Ming Dynasty, the five poison charms, which were originally intended to ward off poison, gradually became decorative elements and became women's hairpins. The seventeenth volume of Shen Bang's "Wanshu Miscellaneous Notes" (1593) records: "Women draw centipedes, snakes, scorpions, tigers, and toads as five poison talismans, and insert hairpin heads into them." The hairpin headdress was called "Jianren" or "damselfly" in the Jiangnan area of ??the Qing Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty, the Dragon Boat Festival was regarded as the "Daughter's Day" in Beijing. The seventeenth volume of "Wanshu Miscellaneous Notes" records: "From the first to the fifth day of May, Wansu custom decorates little girls, who are extremely beautiful. Married girls also go to peace, because it is called Daughter's Day." This custom seems to be only seen in Beijing.

*In places near rivers, dragon boat races are held during the Dragon Boat Festival. Volume 5 of Zhang Dai's "Memories of Tao'an Dreams" (1646) records "Jinshan Race": There are ten or twenty dragon boats in Guazhou, depicting the dragon's head and tail, to choose its anger; there are twenty people sitting next to it holding big spears, choosing its strength; in the middle Use colorful canopies, embroider umbrellas with front and rear flags, choose the beauty; beat the drums, choose the knots; choose the weapons from the rear row of the boat, choose the harpoons; on the dragon head, one person's feet are turned upside down, and press on it, choose the danger; Hang a small child on the dragon's tail to take the risk. From the first to the fifteenth day of the fifth lunar month, the sun comes out from Huadi, the fifth day comes out from Jinshan, and also from Zhenjiang. The foam jumps in the turbulence, the dragons fight, and occasionally fall into the vortex, then a hundred quickies will escape, and the dragon will escape. There are crowds of people on Jinshan Mountain. Looking across the river, there are ants and bees swarming around, ready to move. In the evening, all the flowers bloom, and the water on both sides of the bank is boiling.

Yang Sichang (1588-1641)'s "Wuling Race to the Boat Festival" records in detail the custom of boat racing in the Yuanxiang area of ??the Ming Dynasty. Local folklore says that the dragon boat race is to ward off disasters, so various sacrifices must be held before dragon boat racing, and wizards must be hired to perform rituals to pray for victory. After rowing the dragon boat, the residents would scoop out the water from the dragon boat and add herbs for bathing. The purpose was also to ward off evil.

The dragon boats in West Lake are divided into two types. It is divided into two floors. The upper floor has children dressed up as various historical and fairy figures. The lower floor contains drummers and drummers. On both sides sit rowing sailors. This kind of dragon boat is more performance-oriented. The dragon boats used for competition circle around the big dragon boat. When the big dragon boat throws objects, the sailors on the small dragon boat go into the water to fight for them. Among them, money and ducks are the two most difficult things to grab, because coins sink when they hit the water, while ducks will swim around to avoid them. Although it has been a custom in the past dynasties to catch shrimps to make medicine during the Dragon Boat Festival, it seems that it was not until the Ming Dynasty that imperial doctors joined the lineup of this folk remedy. Volume 2 of Liu Tong and Yu Yizheng's "Scenery of the Imperial Capital" (1635): "(On the fifth day) take the toad venom." The method of taking the toad venom is to prick the toad between its eyebrows with acupuncture, causing the toad to secrete white milky venom. Then scrape it off with bamboo slices and preserve it. It is said that toad venom can cure boils and malignant swelling.

Another folk remedy for repelling insects is drinking calamus and realgar wine. In addition to drinking, he also put realgar wine on the tent. Volume 5 of Gu Lu's "Qing Xi Lu" (1830): "Grind realgar powder and shavings of Pu root, mix it with wine and drink it, it is called 'realgar wine'. And use the remaining wine to dye the child's forehead and the heart of the hands and feet, and then Sprinkle it between the walls to get rid of poisonous insects.

"Some children dare not drink, so their parents will use realgar wine to draw a word "王" on their foreheads to protect them from all poisons.

▲Dragon Boat Festival Diet Custom

The earliest Dragon Boat Festival food should be the "Owl Soup" in the Western Han Dynasty. "Historical Records? The Chronicles of Emperor Wu" notes Chunyan: "The Han Dynasty sent the Dongjun to send owl soup, and on May 5th, it was given to all officials. It is an evil bird, so eat it. "Probably because owls are difficult to catch, the custom of eating owl soup did not continue. Zongzi, the protagonist of the Dragon Boat Festival, appeared later in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was not until the Jin Dynasty that zongzi became the Dragon Boat Festival food. "Feng Tu Ji": "On the fifth day of May, which is the same as the summer solstice,... on the first day of the second festival, rice is wrapped in wild rice leaves, mixed with millet, and boiled in pure and thick ash juice. "At the same time, there was another kind of Dragon Boat Festival diet, called "Jinggui", which only appeared briefly in the Jin Dynasty and then disappeared. Only the rice dumplings called "Jiao Millet" in "Fengtu Ji" were attached to the legend of Qu Yuan. Over the past hundred years, it has become the most popular Dragon Boat Festival diet.

From the practice recorded in "Feng Tu Ji", the rice dumplings at that time were mainly made of millet, and no other fillings were added except millet. However, due to the skillful management of the Chinese people who are particular about food, the rice dumplings I can see today have various changes in shape and content.

First of all, in terms of shape, they vary from place to place. The rice dumplings are triangular, quadrangular, pillow-shaped, small pagoda-shaped, round rod-shaped, etc. The materials of the rice dumplings vary from place to place. In the south, where bamboo is abundant, most people like to use bamboo leaves to tie the rice dumplings. Fresh bamboo leaves, because the rice dumplings tied with dried bamboo leaves will not have the fragrance of bamboo leaves after they are cooked. Northerners are accustomed to using reed leaves to tie the rice dumplings. The leaves of the reed leaves are slender and narrow, so they should be used in two or three layers. . The size of the rice dumplings also varies greatly, from giant ones weighing two or three kilograms to sweet ones that are less than two inches long.

In terms of taste, the fillings of the rice dumplings have both meat and vegetables. Some are sweet and some are salty. The rice dumplings in the north are mainly sweet, while the rice dumplings in the south are less sweet and more salty. The content of the rice dumplings in Peiping can be roughly divided into two categories. Three types: one is white rice dumplings made of pure glutinous rice, which are steamed and dipped in sugar. The other is jujube rice dumplings, which are mainly filled with jujubes and preserved fruits. The third type is red bean paste rice dumplings, which are relatively rare. There is another kind of rice dumpling in North China that uses yellow millet instead of glutinous rice. After steaming, the yellow glutinous millet is embedded with bright red dates. Some people call it "gold-wrapped agate". /p>

Zhejiang’s Huzhou rice dumplings are made of fragrant and soft rice, and are divided into salty and sweet varieties. The salty rice dumplings are filled with fresh pork soaked in high-quality soy sauce. The sweet rice dumplings are filled with jujube paste or bean paste. Add a piece of lard to the top. After steaming, the lard blends into the bean paste, which is very smooth and delicious. The fillings of the rice dumplings produced by "Wufangzhai" are specially selected, including eight-treasure rice dumplings, chicken rice dumplings, and bean paste. Rice dumplings, fresh meat rice dumplings, etc., each has its own characteristics.

Sichuan's salt and pepper bean rice dumplings are also unique. First, soak glutinous rice and red beans for half a day, add pepper noodles, Sichuan salt and a little bacon, and wrap them into four corners. The small rice dumplings are cooked over high heat for three hours and then grilled over charcoal until browned. They are crispy on the outside and tender on the inside.

Guangdong’s Zhongshan Ludou Rice Dumplings are characterized by their unique flavor. It is round in shape and as thick as an arm. The ingredients are divided into sweet and salty ones, such as lotus paste, bean paste, chestnut paste, and jujube paste; .

The rice dumplings in southern Fujian are divided into alkaline rice dumplings, meat rice dumplings and bean rice dumplings. Honey or syrup is particularly delicious. The ingredients for meat dumplings include braised pork, mushrooms, egg yolks, dried shrimps, dried bamboo shoots, etc. Xiamen’s bean dumplings are popular in Quanzhou, and are made with September beans mixed with a little salt. Wrapped in glutinous rice. After steaming, the beans are fragrant, and some people eat them dipped in sugar.

▲Dragon Boat Festival customs across the country

[Hebei Province]

Beiping avoids digging wells during the Dragon Boat Festival. It is often pre-drained before the festival. It is said that it is for Avoid well poison. Market vendors also sell cherry mulberries during the Dragon Boat Festival. It is said that if you eat cherries and mulberries during the Dragon Boat Festival, you will not eat flies all year round. Each restaurant sells "Five Poison Cake", which is a cake decorated with five kinds of poisonous insect patterns. The married men and women in Luan County give gifts to each other during the Dragon Boat Festival. During the Dragon Boat Festival in Zhao County, local officials will hold a gathering in the south of the city and invite the city's sergeants and officials to have a banquet and compose poems, which is called "Stepping on the Willows".

[Shandong Province]

During the Dragon Boat Festival in Zouping County, everyone needs to drink a glass of wine when they get up early. Legend has it that it can ward off evil spirits. During the Dragon Boat Festival in Rizhao, children are tied with seven-colored threads and have to wear them until it rains for the first time after the festival before taking them off and throwing them into the rain. During the Dragon Boat Festival in Linqing County, boys under the age of seven wear talismans (necklaces made of wheat straw), and girls wear pomegranate flowers. They also wear yellow shoes made by their mother, with five kinds of poisonous insects painted on the shoes with a brush. It means using Qu Yuan's ink to kill five kinds of poisonous insects. Jimo washes his face with dew on the morning of Dragon Boat Festival.

[Shanxi Province]

During the Dragon Boat Festival in Jiezhou, men and women wear mugwort leaves, which is called "removing disease", while young children tie a hundred ropes around their necks. It is said that this is "to bind Qu Yuan." Dragon". During the Dragon Boat Festival in Xizhou, every village worships the Dragon King and hangs paper in the fields. The Dragon Boat Festival in Huairen County is also known as "Zhumen". During the Dragon Boat Festival in Dingxiang County, students need to give gifts to their teachers. In Lu'an Prefecture, steamed wheat flour dumplings are called "white dumplings" and are given together with rice dumplings as gifts.

[Shaanxi Province]

During the Dragon Boat Festival in Xing'an Prefecture, local officials led their staff to watch the boat race, which was called "stepping on the stones". Xingping County Dragon Boat Festival uses silk to sew small horns of millet, and then sews a small doll on the bottom, which is called "playing doll". In Tongguan County, pu moxa and paper cows are posted on the door during the Dragon Boat Festival, which is called "disease control".

[Gansu Province]

Jingning Prefecture picks roses during the Dragon Boat Festival and pickles them with honey. Zhenyuan County presents newlyweds with incense fans, Luoqi, kerchiefs and moxa tigers during the Dragon Boat Festival. The children also invite their father and brothers to a banquet with their teachers, which is called "Festival of Enjoyment". During the Dragon Boat Festival in Zhang County, shepherd boys worship the mountain gods. The firewood mounds are burned before the rooster crows, which is commonly known as "burning the mountains".

[Jiangsu Province]

During the Dragon Boat Festival in Jiading County, everyone, rich or poor, must buy totoaba (commonly known as catfish) and cook it. There is also a proverb in Yizheng County: "Put your pants on, buy yellow croaker". During the Dragon Boat Festival in Nanjing, every family takes a box of water, adds a little realgar, and two goose-eye coins. The whole family uses this water to wash their eyes, which is called "breaking fire eyes". It is said that it can protect the eyes from eye diseases for a year. There is a night dragon boat show in Wujin. At night, small lanterns are hung around the dragon boat to race, and there are flutes and drums singing in harmony.

[Sichuan Province]

Stone pillars have the custom of "coming out of the Dragon Boat Festival". Four people use two bamboo poles to lift a large square table covered with a red carpet. On the blanket, a Taoist priest riding a tiger is woven from bamboo strips. Beating gongs and drums, marching in the streets. In the old days, there was also the custom of "beating plums" during the Dragon Boat Festival in western Sichuan. On that day, everyone in Chengdu bought plums and threw them up and down on the tower in the southeast corner of the city. Tens of thousands of people gathered to watch. In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), there was a conflict with foreign missionaries due to throwing Li, and this custom was discontinued. During the Dragon Boat Festival dragon boat races in Leshan, Xinjin and other places, grand commodity fairs are also held.

[Xijiang Province]

Students in rural schools in Tonglu County treat their teachers with rituals during the Dragon Boat Festival and call them "clothing silk". Doctors collect medicine at noon. According to legend, the Heavenly Medicine Star appears in the sky on this day.

[Jiangxi Province]

Jianchang Prefecture uses Baicao water to bathe during the Wu Festival to prevent scabies. Xinchang County drinks it with realgar and cinnabar wine, which is called "eye-opening".

[Hubei Province]

Bahe Town in Huanggang County welcomes Nuo people during the Dragon Boat Festival, with flower crown tattoos and gold medals to ward off epidemics. The Dragon Boat Festival in Yichang County is particularly popular on May 13th, 14th and 15th. The fifteenth day of the fifth lunar month is also called the "Duanyang Festival". Zongzi is eaten and Pujiu is drunk, just like the Dragon Boat Festival.

[Hunan Province]

During the Dragon Boat Festival in You County, pregnant women are served with flower coins for wine and wine, while the poor prepare chicken wine, put money in bamboo clips, and offer it in front of the dragon head on the dragon boat. Pray for a safe delivery. Yuezhou Prefecture races to avoid disasters and diseases. It is also used as a straw boat to flood, which is called "sending plague".

[Fujian Province]

It is an old custom during the Dragon Boat Festival in Fuzhou that the daughter-in-law presents her parents-in-law with shrouds, shoes and socks, rice dumplings, and fans. In Jianyang County, the fifth day is the day when the king of medicines dry their medicine bags, and everyone makes sauce on this day. During the Dragon Boat Festival in Shanghang County, people use small boats tied with reeds to make dragon shapes and play on the waterside, which is called racing. After the Dragon Boat Festival race in Xianyou County, paper was presented at Huxiao Pond to commemorate the death of Qi Jiguang, who was drowned by soldiers in the Gui Year of Jiajing. Before the Dragon Boat Festival in Shaowu Mansion, women use crimson yarn as bags to hold talismans. It is also made of five-color velvet, connected with colorful threads, and tied to the hairpin. The young girl is hung on the back and is called "Dou Niang".

[Guangdong Province]

In Conghua County, people wash their eyes with burning talisman water at noon on the Dragon Boat Festival and then splash it on the road, which is called "bringing disaster". During the Dragon Boat Festival in Xinxing County, people from nearby temples advocated the parade of gods and goddesses. The wizard also uses dharma water and amulets to drive away evil spirits. During the Dragon Boat Festival in Shicheng County, children fly kites, which is called "flying disaster".

▲Dragon Boat Festival Poems

Racing Song

Liu Yuxi

The Yuanjiang River is flat and flowing in May, and the people of the city are floating on colorful boats. The song of "What Year in Lingjun" has been completed, and the mournful ballads have been revitalized since then.

Yang Juan struck the thunder and Khotan, and the turbulent currents rushed forward loudly. The dragon catches the rain, its mane stirs, and the squid drinks from the river.

The governor came to the flowing green curtain, raised the pole and ordered the nobles to be divided into male and female. First, Yu Yong strives to encourage him, but before he reaches the title, his color becomes dull.

Yum has its own early stage, and it has no fixed destination once it takes off. Customs are so heavy at this time, looking across the Yunwei River and the Mekong River.

The colorful flags on the bank shine on the Jiao room, and the stockings and rippling waves are playing in the water. At the end of the song, people dispersed and melancholy at dusk, the water in front of Zhaoqu Pavilion poured into the east.

Liu Yuxi's "Racing Song" describes a dragon boat race in the Yuanjiang River. Under the auspices of the state governor, each dragon boat team competes for victory. The winner is happy, the loser is depressed. After the game, the women played in the water, complementing the colorful flags on the shore, adding endless fun to the festival.

May 5th

(Mei Yaochen)

The Qu family has died, and the Chu people cannot tolerate it.

Why don't you slander and slander, just want to kill the dragon.

The hatred in life has not been forgotten, but the traces have been traced.

The Yuanxiang Bitan water should illuminate thousands of peaks.

And the Dragon Boat Festival

(Zhang Lei)

The race is deeply saddened by the injustice of thousands of years,

The loyal soul can be restored once it is gone.

What will happen now if the country is destroyed and the body is destroyed?

Only Lisao is left in the world.

Yimao Chongwu Poems

Lu You

Chongwu Mountain Village is good, but the durian flowers have suddenly become numerous.

The rice dumpling bun is divided into two buns, and the moxa is tied with a dangerous crown.

Old common prescriptions store medicine, and people who are sick also take elixirs.

As the sun sets, I finish my work and smile at the cup and plate.

This five-rhyme poem specifically describes the living habits of the Southern Song Dynasty on the Dragon Boat Festival.

The author ate two corners of the rice dumpling, with mugwort branches stuck in his high crown. As usual, I am busy storing medicines and preparing prescriptions, so that I can be safe and disease-free this year. In the evening, he drank wine happily. It can be reflected from this that the Dragon Boat Festival customs in the south of the Yangtze River not only commemorate Qu Yuan, but also have health care content.

Congratulations to the Bridegroom (Dragon Boat Festival)

Congratulations to the Bridegroom. Dragon Boat Festival

Liu Kezhuang

In the deep courtyard, pomegranate flowers are spitting out, painted curtains are opened and clothes are threaded Wan fan, noon breeze clears the heat.

The children all praised the new hairpin Aihu.

There are already tourists watching the ferry. The eldest child plays carelessly in every situation, letting the young people compete in the street, the rain is rushing in the stream, and the waves are dancing.

Lingjun is so beautiful and tall. Recalling his life, he is not only rich in orchids, but also pregnant with pepper.

Who believes that after thousands of years, Bo Di covets corn millet.

It is also said that the dragon is angry because of its greed. It seems that I have woken up now, and I expected that in those days, I would have been drunk to death without suffering, and just have a laugh.

It’s the Dragon Boat Festival

Bei Qiong

The wind and rain bring the sun to darkness,

There is nowhere to hang the heroic spirits in Miluo.

Pomegranate flowers and hair smile at each other,

Even without wine, one is still awake alone.

Watching the ferry race at noon

Bian Gong

*** A group of dragons appeared on the upper reaches of the water.

I didn’t know it was a Mulan boat.

The cloud flags are hunting over the Qing and Han Dynasties,

The thunder and drums are noisy in the Yin Biliu.

Qu Zi’s wronged soul lives on forever,

The legacy of Chu country remains to this day.

Jiang Ting can attend high gatherings in his spare time,

I can’t help but feel sad when I’m drunk and sarcastic.

It is forbidden to race on the ferry in Chuzhou at noon

Tang Xianzu

Written only the calamus and bamboo leaf cup,

The first time I stepped on the grass in Pengcheng.

If you know that you will not die in Oujiang River,

How can the boat bow down?

Five Days (Choose one)

Chen Zilong

The water in Wutian is gentle in May,

The smoke and clouds are still as far as the eye can see.

One of the people who picked up the greenery was Lu Nuyan.

A few A-Tong games were popular.

Beaded curtains and pillows, mats and furongpu,

Painted oars, harps, zithers, and boats.

I plan to peek at the foot of the palace from the Dragon Tower.

Poor Jiangbeihai west end.

▲Dragon Boat Festival Couplet

The day falls on the fifth day;

The festival sequence is in the sky.

Ai flag attracts hundreds of blessings;

Pu sword kills thousands of evil spirits.

The family is fortunate to have no title;

People feel ashamed and ignorant.

The pomegranate flowers are colorful during the Zhu Ming Festival;

The fragrant cattail leaves float in the green wine bottles.

The mugwort leaves are like flags to attract a hundred blessings;

The calamus is like a sword to kill thousands of demons.

The green moxa hanging over the door is colorful;

The green cattails add wine and add fragrance.

The festival opens with Zhu Ming, Liu Tu and Nan Rui;

The glory increases, the green leaves bloom, the moxa ribbon blooms and the flowers bloom.

The fragrance of mugwort leaves spreads all over the world;

The dragon boat sets off huge waves and swallows up all the wasteland.

Dragon boat racing, paying homage to Qu Zi and nostalgic for the past;

Chi County’s heroic flight, a happy patriotic chapter today.

Bao Aisi is a gentleman;

Yipu consecrates a saint.

Fuchen meets the earth;

Jianwu is in the middle of the sky.

Hemerocallis in front of the hall soothes the eyebrows with green;

The pomegranate flowers on the stone shine brightly.

The durian skirt and Xuandai add color;

Ai wine and Pujiang record the years.

The bow of the boat is used to become a dragon.

Ai people drive away the miasma of thousands of doors;

It is a joy to race a boat on clear water for ten miles.

Pomegranates reflect the red sun and thousands of doors are celebrating;

Drum music prompts dragon boats and thousands of rivers to sing joyfully.

Fine wine and realgar, righteousness can only eliminate the five poisons;

Win the purple championship, and the legacy is still said to be the Three Lus.

Burn mugwort and drink realgar to clear away miasma and prevent diseases;

Wrapped in fragrant rice dumplings in a flying dragon boat, it is a role model to pay homage and summon souls

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