Landform Hotan area is located at the southernmost tip of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

The Kunlun Mountains in South Vietnam reach the northern Tibetan Plateau, adjoining the Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in the east, deep into the hinterland of Taklimakan in the north, adjacent to the Aksu region, the Kashgar region in the west, and the Karakoram Mountains in the southwest, bordering India and Pakistan, with a border line of 210

kilometer.

It is about 670 kilometers long from east to west and 600 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of ??247,800 square kilometers.

The majestic Kunlun Mountains in the southern Hotan area form an arc across the east and west, with overlapping peaks and steep mountains.

The northern slope is a low mountainous area with shallow hills and canyons, while the southern slope has gentler mountains.

The peaks of mountain ranges are generally around 6,000 meters above sea level, with the highest reaching over 7,000 meters.

Due to the dry climate, the height of Shancai Desert generally reaches 3,300 meters, and in some areas it can reach 5,000 meters. The snow lines on the north and south slopes are above 6,000 meters and 5,500 meters respectively.

The Linqitang Depression is formed at the geographical boundary between Kunlun and Karakoram, where modern salt lakes and salt-alkali swamps develop, forming alpine lakes.

From the foothills to the north, the Gobi Desert spreads across the rivers and alluvial fan plains and oases continue to be distributed. The fan edges connect the Taklimakan Desert to the center of the Tarim Basin.

The remaining veins of the ancient Mazhatage Mountains remain in the northwest of the northern desert area, with an altitude of 430 meters.

The geomorphological units can be divided into: 1. The highest mountain belt: with an altitude of 5,200 to 5,500 meters, it is a modern glacier and permanent snow belt. It is mostly composed of hard metamorphic rocks, granite and other ancient rocks, and the mountains are majestic.

2. Alpine zone: 4200 to 5200 meters above sea level, generally bare land.

There are a lot of ancient glacial remains.

Such as the ancient moraine of Celea Gate, the cirque area at the source of the Makukaltaxi River and the Keqikukule Moraine Lake.

Piles of fallen rocks and snow-eroded mudflows are common on the northern slopes of the main mountain ranges.

3. Subalpine zone: 3,400 to 4,200 meters above sea level, with thicker soil layers, exposed mountain parent rocks, steep rock walls, obvious erosion and cutting on the slopes, and large undulations, with a general slope of 20 to 38 degrees.

4. Mid-mountain zone: 3,000 to 3,400 meters above sea level. The mountains are undulating and the peaks are obvious. However, the outline of the top of the mountain has a quasi-plain landform, with grassland grassland soil type formed by the development of thick loess.

It is dotted with vast areas of fine pasture and is an important animal husbandry base in the Hotan area.

5. Low mountain belt: 2,200 to 3,000 meters above sea level. The mountains are gentle and the covering soil is thick. There is a large amount of Kunlun loess accumulated. Farmland is distributed on the terraces along the river. It is a combination of agriculture and animal husbandry.

6. Sloping plain at the foothills: 1,250 to 2,200 meters above sea level.

The Gobi is covered with coarse sand and gravel at an altitude of 1700-2200 meters, with sparse and super-arid vegetation. The Gobi is bare with coarse gravel at an altitude of 1450-1700 meters. It is an ancient oasis area with long-term irrigation and siltation, and the soil is constantly changing.

Ripe.

7. Desert area: The northern area below 1,250 meters above sea level is connected to the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert and is home to drought-tolerant vegetation.

Climate Hotan area is located deep inland, far away from the ocean, and surrounded by high mountains (Tianshan Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, and Pamir Plateau). Therefore, it is affected by ocean air currents and has a strong continental character.

It is difficult to reach the cold and humid air currents from the west and the hot and humid air currents from the Indian Ocean.

The southeast monsoon that prevails in eastern my country is also difficult to reach because of its distance.

This area is located at a lower latitude, and the cold wave is blocked by the Tianshan Mountains, so the temperature is relatively high, and it has an extremely arid desert climate in the warm temperate zone.

Its main characteristics are: hot summers, cold winters, four distinct seasons, abundant heat, large temperature difference between day and night and annual range, long frost-free period, scarce precipitation, strong evaporation, dry air, and obvious vertical distribution of climate zones.

In the Kunlun region, the average annual temperature decreases by 0.5 to 0.7 degrees Celsius for every 100 meters of increase.

Due to the large scope and vast area of ??the whole region, the biology and climate vary greatly under different terrain and landform conditions. It can be roughly divided into three climate types: the southern area, the oasis plain area, and the northern desert area.

Southern mountainous area: including the front mountain valley area with an altitude of 1,800 to 3,000 meters, which belongs to the temperate or cold temperate climate zone. According to the meteorological data analysis of Nurlamgan (1,970 meters above sea level) in Cele County and the Black Mountain in the west (1,800 meters above sea level)

, the annual average temperature is 4.7℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 34.0℃~30.4℃, the extreme minimum temperature is -25℃, the annual precipitation is 127.5~201.2 mm, the active accumulated temperature greater than 10℃ is below 3400℃, the summer is short, and the winter is long.

The inversion layer is obvious in some areas, and the winter temperature is 1-2°C higher than that in the plains. The mountainous areas above 3,000 meters above sea level have a frigid climate, with a cold climate. There are no four seasons, only cold and warm. The cold season is longer than the warm season, and the amount of precipitation

The distribution is extremely uneven. Generally, the annual average precipitation is about 300 mm. The growing season above 0℃ lasts for 120 to 150 days. The altitude above 5,500 meters is a permanent snow zone with temperatures below zero degrees Celsius all year round.

The basic characteristics of the four-season climate in the oasis plain area are: strong winds in spring, hot and dry summers, cool and fast cooling in autumn, little snow and no cold in winter. It belongs to the warm temperate zone and extremely arid desert climate.

The annual average temperature is 11.0℃~12.1℃, the annual precipitation is 28.9~47.1 mm, and the annual evaporation is 2198~2790 mm.