Sexual taste: cold in nature and sweet in taste.
Meridian tropism: liver meridian; Heart meridian; bladder meridian
Functions: clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, preventing miscarriage and stopping bleeding, and removing toxic substances.
Indications: It can be used for treating common cold and fever, measles and high fever, urinary tract infection, nephritis and edema, abdominal pain of pregnant women, restless fetal movement, threatened abortion, traumatic injury, fracture, swelling and pain, and hemorrhagic diseases.
Administration and dosage: oral administration: decoction, 5-30g; Or mash the juice. External use: appropriate amount, freshly pounded; Or frying soup and smoking.
Contraindications: Use with caution for those without excess heat. Materia Medica: "People with weak stomach and diarrhea should not take it, and those who are not affected by blood heat should not use it."
Source of medicinal materials: ramie root ...) Gao De. Gaud. Urticaceae
Harvest and storage: dig in winter and spring, wash and dry in the sun.
Handling:
1. Take the original medicinal materials of ramie root, remove impurities, wash, fully wet, cut into thick slices and dry.
4. The true story of medicine: calcination. At present, take clean ramie root slices, put them in a pot, heat them with strong fire, fry them until the surface is dark and the inside is brown, spray a little water to extinguish the sparks, take them out and let them cool thoroughly.
3. Ramie leaves are edible, and it is a custom to make steamed buns with ramie leaves and rice flour in July and a half in yingtan, Jiangxi.
Characters of decoction pieces:
Hemp root is round or quasi-round, with light yellow wood and several concentric rings in the middle, fibrous and grayish brown skin. The periphery is taupe to taupe. Slight gas, light taste, slightly sticky to chew. The surface of ramie root charcoal is burnt black and the inside is burnt yellow, which tastes slightly bitter.
Pharmacology: soaking the artificial wounds of the tail of rats and mice with wild ramie extract can reduce the amount of bleeding and shorten the bleeding time; Such as oral administration or intraperitoneal injection to mice, the same effect can be obtained. After intramuscular injection of hemagglutinating agent in rabbits, the coagulation time was shortened, but the platelet count did not change significantly. Covering the liver and kidney wounds of rats with cotton wool soaked in coagulation has no obvious hemostatic effect. It was found from the study of ramie components that caffeic acid has obvious hemostatic effect, so hemagglutinin (caffeic acid diethylamine salt) was synthesized artificially and injected intravenously into rabbits at a dose of 7mg/kg or intraperitoneally into mice at a dose of 10mg/20g, which significantly shortened the clotting time and bleeding time. Hemagglutinin has no anti-fibrinolysis effect in the test tube, but it can significantly increase the white blood cells and platelets of mice irradiated by 60Co.
Toxicity: The toxicity of hemagglutinin amine is extremely low, and the LD50 of intraperitoneal injection in mice is 1583 80 mg/kg. Intravenous injection has no obvious effect on blood pressure and respiration in rabbits, and continuous intravenous injection 10 day has no effect on ECG, liver and kidney function.
clinical
⒈ Zhugen Powder ("Shengji Powder") can treat hematemesis: four kinds of ramie root, ginseng, chalk and clam powder are served10g, ground into powder, 2g each time, and mixed with glutinous rice, regardless of time. Hemp root in the prescription stops bleeding and is the monarch medicine.
Treatment of habitual abortion (Fujian Chinese herbal medicine): 30 grams of ramie dry root, lotus seed and yam each 15 grams. Decoct with water. The ramie root in the prescription can prevent miscarriage and is the monarch medicine.
[13] (Shi Mei Ji Fang) Treating fetal movement in pregnancy, suddenly pouring yellow juice such as glue or small bean juice, abdominal pain can not be ninja; Bamboo root (peeled and cut) 15g, silver 1, 9 liters of water, and 4 liters of boiling. Take water 1l and wine 0.5l each time, and fry until 1l, and take it twice (one party does not need silver). In the prescription, ramie root is the monarch drug.
The exposition of famous scholars
1. Sparse grass and trees: It is also hemp, with dozens of stems, rooted in the ground, born in spring, and not planted at the age of one. Between Jingyang and Jingyang, it was harvested at the age of one. Today it is planted in the official garden. It will be born when it is harvested at the age of two. If bamboo scratches its surface, the thick skin will fall off, but if it is tough, it will be boiled and caught. This is the so-called emblem. This kind of hemp is used for cloth in South Vietnam today.
4. Shu Herbs: When Miao arrived, southerners peeled his skin into cloth and picked it in February and August. All in Jiangnan.
[13] Materia Medica: Ramie is like a nettle, with flowers as long as poplars and spikes, with dozens of pieces per spike, bluish white.
4. Outline: Bamboo can be scraped, washed and boiled to save the famine, and it tastes sweet. Its son is brown, harvested in September and can be planted in February. Perennial root was born by himself.
⒌ "Saint Ji Nong": Bamboo, the art of planting: planting seeds, the first marijuana is good, the rest is useless. First, Frost harvested the seeds, dried them in the sun, mixed them with sand and put them in a basket. When you meet seeds, try using water. Sinking seeds are the best. Yichun is deeply planted, and sandy soil is the best, followed by two kinds of soil. Soil for three or four times to make the border half a step wide and four or five steps long, so that it grows into a border, moisten it with half a liter, mix it evenly when mixing, sweep it with a broom after paving, and germinate it. If there is grass, pull it out. Happiness is moist, not dry, but dried with water. The seedlings are about three inches high. If fertile soil is selected for border planting, the offspring can only be mowed in three to five years. When bamboo is in full bloom, it is suitable to dig new branches around and transplant them, so that the undergraduate course will grow. Or three or five years later, the most prosperous root family will be transplanted from one bed to another, and this bed will be both prosperous and excavated. If this generation is endless, it can be planted every month, but it is best to be nutritious. Roots and seedlings should be collected under the room, and mulch should be used when they stop in the open field. If the root sees the stars and the moon, it will become wild and useless. Use chaff, baking, feces and water to avoid pig feces to the greatest extent, plant roots, cut them into half a foot with a knife, plant them horizontally, with each hole two or three feet apart by 5 1 foot, and then mow them again the next year. If the roots of the family are hard for a long time, they should be planted separately. If you want to go far, you will never see the light of day.
[6] Textual research on plant names and facts: ramie is second only to Bielu. The book of agricultural administration says that bamboo is not suitable for silk removal, nor is it suitable for cold in the north. Textual research on disaster relief materia medica: ramie root is sweet, and cooking is sweet. There are also species in the countryside of Xuzhou. Beggars' gangs have been working on cotton since Huaibei, keeping out the cold for a long time and avoiding the heat temporarily. For cultivation purposes, only cities are shaded, so few people plant it. There are so many wild bamboos that it is difficult to remove them, so performances are not allowed. Mangosteen is slightly stronger, and the flowers are long spikes, which is slightly different.
⒎ Herbal Classics: "(Bamboo Root) Don't Expose" specializes in treating red Dan in children, because its cold nature can cool blood. Soaking bamboo juice to quench thirst has the effect of removing heat. "Rihuazi" is used to treat diaphragmatic fever, fetal hemorrhage, anxiety before and after delivery, hot weather, thirst and madness, as well as taking stone medicine to make people feel hot, stab poisonous arrows and snake bites, all of which are due to their cold nature.
⒏ "Medical Forest Compilation Medicinal Properties" "After two or three months, pregnant women are getting hotter and hotter, blood is getting hotter and hotter, and the fetus is getting more and more uneasy. Hemp root is sweet and salty, which can diffuse its light and not suppress heat. This is also a good medicine for miscarriage. "
⒐ Notes on Materia Medica: "Hemp root is sweet and cold, nourishing yin, which is better than smooth and cool blood, and is also suitable for people with blood heat. Generally speaking, fetal movement is caused by blood heat or blood stasis. The meaning of abortion is nothing more than this. "
⒑ "Materia Medica Supplement": "Bamboo and wood that greatly tonify lung and promote blood circulation seem to have never been used, so it appears."
⒒ "Compendium of Materia Medica" "Danzhu, Danxi, means that it can nourish yin and enrich blood, and it is mainly beneficial." Sweet and cold medicine can purge fire. Does this taste stop bleeding, cure erysipelas or enter the blood to purge heat? But it is especially effective in preventing miscarriage and treating blood leakage, so it can nourish yin and promote blood circulation, which is different from purging heat. It is conceivable that blood nourishes yin. "
5] Materia Medica Justice: Bamboo leaf green can clear away heat and promote diuresis, which is not suitable for people with fetal movement. Zhang Leishan: "White bamboo is cold in nature, and the ancients often said that it can clear away heat and promote diuresis, so Japanese Materia Medica called it sweet, cold and slippery. But people often think that it is used for pregnancy and abortion, and it is covered with ramie, which is tough and takes the meaning of strong fetus. In fact, it is cold and slippery, so it must not be suitable for fetal movement. The root of the tooth dominates the downward movement, especially for pregnant women. Examining ancient and modern medical books, there are few people who treat fetal movement with yellow juice by Mei Shifang. Danxi said that his behavior made the blood stagnate, which was more contradictory to fetal movement. How can he set drugs for the fetus? "
⒔ Similarities and differences between bamboo branches and pueraria lobata in Compendium of Medical Forests: "Like pueraria lobata, bamboo branches can nourish the heart, clear away lung heat and reduce fire. However, the color of Ge is white, dividing qi and dispersing the fire of Yangming; The color of bamboo is red. It enters the blood and dispels the fire of Jueyin. Eliminating fire is to replenish the heart. " conservation of water and soil
There are about 320 million mu of sloping farmland in China, while the sloping farmland in southern China accounts for about 65.438+0.6 billion mu, accounting for 50% of China. Slope farmland in China is widely distributed, with large area and high sediment yield. The engineering measure of "changing slope into ladder" is mainly adopted in the management of sloping farmland in South China, and the investment per mu needs at least1000 ~ 3,000 yuan, which cannot be completely solved with the national financial resources in a limited time.
Ramie has been planted for a long time in the southern slope farmland. Because of its developed leaves and roots, the effect of soil erosion control is remarkable. From 1986 to 1989, the observation results are as follows: in the first year of planting, the runoff coefficient and erosion intensity of ramie land are basically the same as those of the original sloping farmland; From the second year of planting ramie, the annual runoff coefficient is less than 0.06 and the annual soil erosion intensity is less than 19t/km in both gentle slope ramie land and steep slope ramie land. It belongs to mild erosion, so ramie has a good effect on soil and water conservation.
At the same time, it is also an excellent economic plant, which can be used to develop hemp textiles. Ramie is a plant measure for the management of cultivated land on the southern slope of China, which is cost-effective, economical and ecological, and conforms to the national strength of China. Its popularization prospect is very broad.
Reduce soil erosion
The experimental observation data of Wumutan Soil and Water Conservation Observatory in Dazhu County and Suining Soil and Water Conservation Station located in the hilly area in the middle of the basin show that in the first year of planting ramie, the soil loss on the five-degree slope farmland decreased from moderate to mild, and the annual soil erosion per square kilometer decreased from 4095 tons to 2 10 tons (down 95%), which belongs to the allowable loss range (less than or equal to 500): from the second.
In the first year of planting ramie on the sloping farmland of 15 degree, the soil loss decreased from extreme intensity to slight, and the annual soil erosion per square kilometer decreased from 1 1040 tons to 725.4 tons, a decrease of 93.4%. Since the second year, the annual soil erosion per square kilometer is less than 6 tons. In the first year of planting ramie on the sloping farmland of 25 degrees, the soil loss decreased from violent to intense, and the annual soil erosion per square kilometer decreased from 19725 tons to 5529 tons, a decrease of 72%. Since the second year, the annual soil erosion per square kilometer has been less than 20 tons.
Cause analysis of soil and water conservation of ramie
1. Ramie has developed root system and strong soil-fixing ability. Ramie is a deep-rooted plant. Radish roots are thick and long, with many roots and deep burial, which can generally reach more than 50 cm. Fine roots are mostly distributed in the tillage layer of about 35 cm, which has a particularly strong fixing effect on the soil and has a good effect of keeping the soil from losing.
1. Ramie has high coverage and long time. Ramie stems are tall and dense, generally reaching about 2 meters and 3 meters, with tillers per nest 10 ~ 20 and dozens of sparse plants. Ramie grows three seasons a year, and the upper and lower seasons are very closely connected, with a short gap time. Generally, the next-season ramie can be raised in 7 ~ 10 days after the last-season ramie is peeled, and it can grow to 1.0 ~ 1.2m in 15 ~ 20 days, with large leaves and green leaves at one time, which is very dense. Mulching ramie can not only reduce water evaporation, keep soil moist, reduce soil erosion and surface runoff, but also be beneficial to ramie growth.
3. Improve coverage and reduce ground erosion. After ramie is stripped and beaten every season, hemp stalks and leaves are directly covered on the surface of ramie field, which can not only improve soil fertility, but also prevent topsoil from being washed by heavy rain when ramie coverage is low after harvest, improve ground coverage, reduce storm erosion, enhance soil erosion resistance and infiltration ability, and reduce topsoil loss.
4. Ramie is planted for one year and benefits for many years. Ramie is not only a deep-rooted plant, but also a perennial plant with strong regeneration ability. It is planted three seasons a year, year after year, and it will be profitable in that year. In rainy season, only intertillage is generally used for weeding, and no deep ploughing is needed. Deep intertillage and scarification are carried out every winter, and weeds, straws and fallen leaves are buried in rows of ramie fields, which not only solves the organic fertilizer needed for ramie growth, but also loosens the soil. Ramie doesn't need deep ploughing and multiple cropping. It can be planted for one year and benefit for many years. The soil and water conservation has the best effect.
Comparative Analysis of Soil and Water Conservation among Ramie, Fruit Forest and Soil and Water Conservation Forest
1. Contrast erosion. Through the observation of ramie and sparse young forest of soil and water conservation in 1986- 1989, the annual runoff coefficient is less than 0.06 and the annual soil erosion intensity is less than 19t/km from the second year of planting ramie. The effect of soil and water conservation is equivalent to 20-degree sparse young forest land planted for 5-7 years, with extremely slight soil erosion and strong corrosion resistance.
2. Time comparison. Ramie is a perennial plant with strong regeneration ability. It grows rapidly three seasons a year. I planted it that year and achieved good results that year. In the first year, the yield of dry hemp can reach about 80 kg per mu, and in the second year, it will enter a high-yield period with an annual output of 150 ~ 200 kg. The growth period of ramie is very long, generally more than 50 years. As long as the variety is not changed, ramie can grow year after year and is a long-term economic crop. If fruit trees are planted, it usually takes 3-5 years to enter the high-yield period, and the canopy density can only reach 70-80 & ramie will enter the high-yield period after one year, and the canopy density can reach 100%. Generally, fruit forests will be degraded in about 10 years, and new varieties or grafted seedlings need to be replaced. Large investment is also unfavorable to soil and water conservation. Ramie can be regenerated permanently, and the yield will not decrease. Although the benefits of returning farmland to forests and planting trees are also very good, the growth of trees is slow in the first ten years, and it is generally ten years before obvious economic benefits can be received. After thinning, it needs to be replanted, and the investment will increase accordingly. In ten years, the tree canopy density can only reach about 70%. Therefore, planting fruit trees and trees is not a measure of "blowing rice", but planting ramie has the advantages of less investment, short time, quick effect, high coverage, strong corrosion resistance and good soil and water conservation effect.
To sum up, it is an effective planting measure and way to rationally utilize water and soil resources, do a good job in soil and water conservation, and control soil erosion on sloping farmland by planting ramie in a planned way in deforested land and sloping farmland above 25, and planting ramie in areas with more sloping farmland and sufficient food. It is also a short, flat and fast economic crop with less investment, short time, quick effect and high coverage. Hemp fiber is a good material for textile. With the development of science, technology and industry, there is a great demand for hemp fiber. Therefore, planting ramie can not only meet the needs of society, but also maintain soil erosion; It has ecological, economic and social benefits, and is a plant measure and an effective way to control soil erosion. Ramie stem bark fiber is slender, tough, white, shiny, tensile, waterproof and moisture-proof, elastic and insulating, and can be woven into summer cloth (the summer cloth produced in Liuyang, Hunan and Wanzai, Jiangxi is the most famous), airplane wing cloth, rubber industrial interlining, wire coating, incandescent filament, fishing net, rayon and so on. And blended with wool and cotton to make high-grade clothing; Short fibers can be used as raw materials for high-grade paper, gunpowder, rayon, etc. It can also be woven into carpets, sacks, etc.
1. Among all kinds of hemp fibers, ramie fiber is the longest, strongest and slightly thicker. The fiber length is two or three times to six or seven times longer than that of high-grade cotton, and ramie fiber is two or three times thicker than flax and hemp. The fiber ends are sharp and itchy when touching the skin. Internationally, it is not recognized as a textile fabric in direct contact with the skin.
After degumming and refining, the fiber has a white appearance and a silky luster.
3. Ramie fiber structure has large gaps, good air permeability, fast heat transfer, high water absorption and fast moisture dissipation, so ramie fabric has a cool feeling.
4. Ramie fiber has high strength and low elongation. It is seven or eight times stronger than cotton.
Ramie fiber is not easy to be corroded by mold and eaten by insects, and it is light in weight. Compared with ramie cloth with the same volume, ramie cloth is 20% lighter.
Stem bast fiber is glossy, mildew-proof and easy to dye. It is an important textile crop and high-quality paper-making raw material. It has a profound connection with China's cultural tradition. One of the five ancient kinds of hemp. The cloth made of ramie is called summer cloth. Summer cloth is also used in summer. From the beginning of planting hemp, it is picked once a year in spring and autumn, and hand-woven into cloth after beating hemp, pulling hemp balls, pulling taro, pulling strings, threading, brushing, weaving, rinsing, setting, printing and dyeing. If the new summer cloth is hard, it must be put into a pitcher filled with an appropriate amount of alkaline water, boiled, taken out and beaten with a clothes hammer to soften it. The width is two feet and two inches. Each horse is about 45-60 cm wide. After ramie is made into cloth, it needs to be bleached with grey forging hammer to make white hemp and white linen fine cloth. The deep clothes in the Book of Rites are made of ramie. "Yuefu Song of Mi Bai" says: "Light as a cloud, silver in color, woven into a robe towel." In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, "it was a robe" and "the spring shirt was cut into a white robe with a black veil on the hat." It is a fashion, so that the Tang people reached the crazy level of "cutting shirts to make white". White muslin is called silk after dyeing, which is mostly used to make official clothes.
The production of ramie cloth consists of 65,438+02 manual processes, such as planting ramie, soaking ramie, peeling ramie, rinsing (sun and night dew), finishing ramie, threading, twisting, carding ramie, sizing and spinning, all of which are indispensable. Ramie, the raw material used for summer cloth, has a heavy gum content and irregular hemp, so it can't be produced on a large scale by machinery. Its output is affected by the weather, which makes its value double and the demand exceeds the supply. The main varieties of handmade ramie summer cloth are: natural color, white and other summer cloth, which are widely used in clothing, home textiles, homes, shoes and hats, curtains, bedding, sofas, pillows, cushions, placemats and so on.
Handmade summer cloth
Handmade summer cloth: Because of its long and strong fiber, warm in winter and cool in summer, it is "as light as cicada, as thin as rice paper, as flat as water mirror and as thin as silk". It was once listed as tribute cloth by successive dynasties, and became the favorite treasure of royalty and dignitaries, and won the gold medal of Paris International Expo in 1930s.
1. Hand-made summer cloth is firm and crisp, breathable and sweat-wicking, good in moisture absorption, strong in fat and heat transfer, comfortable and cool to wear, small in shrinkage, strong in coloring, difficult to deform, fade, wash and dry;
4. Hand-made summer cloth can be antifouling and antistatic, and it is not easy to absorb dust;
3. Hand-made summer cloth can inhibit the growth of bacteria, and clothes and bedding made of it have antibacterial and health care functions. Bamboo leaf hairpin is a Hakka specialty, which is deeply loved by villagers and wanderers with its strong local flavor. Bamboo hairpin can be made all year round, especially in spring and summer.
Production method: Pick fresh tender leaves of ramie, mash them, and glue them with appropriate amount of japonica rice, glutinous rice and well water in a stone mortar to form green dough, then knead the dough into small pieces and steam them in a steamer. It can also be fried. After frying, it is golden, crisp, fragrant and unique in flavor. Eating bamboo hairpin often can resist hunger and thirst, increase physical strength, remove skin diseases, strengthen the body and strengthen bones. It is a natural food suitable for all ages in Xian Yi.