Israel, a country established by the Jewish people, has a total area of ??25,000 square kilometers, two-thirds of which is desert and barren mountains, with an average annual rainfall of only 200mm. The per capita water resources here are only 3% of the world average, and the country has 2

With an area of ??more than 10,000 square kilometers, there is severe drought and water shortage, and less than 20% of the area of ??suitable agricultural land is barren and arid. It is a country that lacks both water and arable land. However, Israel is an agricultural powerhouse and a major exporter of agricultural products, exporting to European countries.

Providing fruits and vegetables, it is called "European Kitchen".

How did Israel do all this?

?The successful experience of Israeli agriculture lies in increasing revenue, reducing expenditure, and using technical water.

1. North-to-South Water Diversion Israel’s important water source is Lake Tiberias, located on the Syrian-Israeli border in the upper reaches of the Jordan River. The lake covers an area of ??166 square kilometers and stores 4.24 billion cubic meters of water.

In order to give full play to its effectiveness, Israel has invested hundreds of millions of dollars since the 1950s to build a water diversion pipeline project with a length of more than 440 kilometers.

They pumped the water from Lake Tiberias to a height of 360 meters, and then sent the water to the central and southern parts of the country through reinforced concrete pipes with a diameter of 2.74 meters, relying on the terrain of high in the north and low in the south, forming an underground network of "national aqueducts" covering 60% of the country.

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The total water diversion volume of this project is 990 million cubic meters per year. Due to the use of pipeline water diversion, leakage and evaporation are reduced, and line losses are very small.

Its completion has turned the Sharon Plain in the core area of ??Israel into a grain and fruit base that can maintain harvests despite droughts and floods. It has created an oasis of 57,000 hectares in the Negev Desert. It has also alleviated Jerusalem's water stress.

2. Seawater desalination and sewage treatment. As we all know, the salinity of seawater is very high and cannot be drank directly. Israel has conducted long-term research on how to convert the diverted lake water into domestic water.

In 2001, the Israeli government implemented a seawater desalination plan across the country and built seawater desalination plants.

Currently, Israel has five desalination plants, providing about 600 million cubic meters of desalinated water every year, equivalent to 30% of the country’s total daily water consumption for industry, agriculture and residents.

Israel's desalination plants use reverse osmosis technology, using semi-permeable membranes that only allow water molecules to pass through to filter salt.

The desalinated water also needs to undergo subsequent treatments such as disinfection and pH adjustment to become drinkable clean water.

Reverse osmosis technology has a high rate of fresh water recovery and consumes less energy, making it the technology of choice.

There are 350 innovative companies related to water treatment in Israel, covering all aspects of water management, desalination, irrigation, urban water and other aspects. Desalination technology has been transformed here for decades. The world's two largest desalination plants are located in Israel.

After decades of hard work, the Israelis relied on science and technology to overcome difficulties such as water shortage, high temperature, little land, and soil saline-alkali, and developed a modern water-saving and efficient ecological agricultural country, turning the "barren land" into a "food and fruit" country.

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Drip Irrigation Technology In 1962, a farmer in the village of Hatzerim, Israel, accidentally discovered that the crops in the leaky water pipe grew particularly well. Later, repeated tests proved that drip irrigation is the most effective way to reduce evaporation, efficiently irrigate, and control water, fertilizer, and pesticides.

Methods.

In Israel, wherever there are green plants, there are many tubes as thick as a finger. There are many round holes on the tubes. It is such a small round hole that makes Israel's drip irrigation technology popular all over the world.

The principle of drip irrigation is simple, but the technology to allow water to drip evenly into each plant is not.

The Israelis have devoted themselves to research and development. The plastic tube is covered with a plastic tube, which prevents clogging and maintains uniform dripping at the near and far ends, making the drip irrigation technology more perfect.

Due to the application of drip irrigation technology, people in Israel prefer desert planting because the hot sun and drought make photosynthetic transpiration stronger and the land is not compacted. The drip irrigation of water and fertilizer can be controlled by computers at will, making Israeli fruits and vegetables delicious. Fruits and vegetables on the European market

Forty percent of the food comes from Israel, and Israel has gained the reputation of "European Kitchen".

Water and fertilizer integration Water and fertilizer integration technology is a high-tech technology that integrates irrigation and fertilization. With the help of a pressure irrigation system, the fertilizer solution mixed with soluble solid fertilizer or liquid fertilizer is evenly and accurately transported to the irrigation water together with the irrigation water.

At the roots of crops, compared with the general water and fertilizer application method, the water utilization rate is increased by 40% to 60%, and the fertilizer utilization rate is increased by 30% to 50%. The quality is better, while saving labor and time, and is conducive to large-scale planting.

The characteristics of water and fertilizer integration are: water and nutrients are directly sent to the roots of crops to facilitate absorption; the evaporation rate is low, preventing soil erosion and deep penetration; it can provide water and nutrients more effectively and accurately, and the plants receive the same amount of water and nutrients.

; Providing water and nutrients according to the growth and harvest plan of crops, improving yield and quality, is an important means to achieve the standardization of agricultural products; it is simple to operate, saves water, fertilizer and energy, and also saves a lot of labor and reduces production costs; prevents soil erosion, salt

Alkalize.

Cultivating high-quality farmers Whether farmers can master modern agricultural science and technology is a prerequisite for achieving high efficiency in agricultural production, and it is also the basic guarantee for realizing modern agriculture.

In order to cultivate high-quality farmers, Israel has established specialized agricultural education and training institutions.