1. dai dance's description

dai dance is an ancient folk dance of the Dai people and the favorite dance of the Dai people.

It is popular in the whole Dai area, but it is located in Ruili County and Mengding peacock dance in Gengma County, and there are many professional artists who make a living by dancing peacock dance. They imitate peacocks: flying down the mountain, walking in the forest, drinking water in the spring, chasing and playing, dragging their wings, flapping their wings, spreading their wings, climbing branches, resting branches, opening their screens, flying, and so on. Jump out of colorful dance movements and sculptural dance styles.

Their dance has strict procedures and requirements, fixed footwork and status, and even every movement is accompanied by a fixed drum language. Dai people mainly live in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, dehong autonomous prefecture, Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County and Menglian Dai and Lahu Wa Autonomous County, and are scattered in more than 3 counties such as Lincang, Lancang, Xinping, Yuanjiang, Jinping, Huaping, Dayao and Luquan.

Dai area is called "plant kingdom" and "animal kingdom" because of its beautiful mountains and rivers, rich resources and dense forests. The valley area is fertile, convenient for irrigation, hot climate and abundant rainfall, which is suitable for crop cultivation and cash crop cultivation. For a long time, Xishuangbanna has enjoyed the reputation of "barn in southern Yunnan"; Dehong area "mangshi millet, cover rice" is famous throughout the province; Most Dai areas are grain-producing bases and cash crop-producing areas in our province.

The Dai nationality has a long history. As far back as the first century BC, the Dai nationality has been recorded in Chinese historical books. Historical records since the Tang Dynasty have called the Dai nationality "Hei Chi", "Golden Teeth", "Silver Teeth" or "Embroidered Feet", and also called the Dai nationality "Mangman" or "White Dress". Song Yan called the Dai people "golden teeth" and "white clothes".

From the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, "golden teeth" continued to be used, while "white clothes" was written as "Bai Yi" or "Bai Yi". Since the Qing dynasty, it has been called "putting clothes".

But all the above are his names. The Dai people call themselves, but they have always been "Dai". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was officially named "Dai" according to the wishes of the Dai people in China.

Dai people call themselves Dai Na, Dai Ya and so on. In Chinese, they are called Shui Dai, Han Dai and Huayao Dai, and there are some differences in their costumes. Dai language belongs to the Zhuang-Dai branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family.

Dai people have their own scripts. In the past, there were five scripts with different forms: Nawen, Dai Beng, Jinping Dai and Xinping Dai. Nowadays, Dai Lu and Dai Na are more popular, both of which are derived from Sanskrit letters. Due to the imbalance of social development, Dai people have different religious beliefs in different places.

In Xishuangbanna, Dehong and other places where Dai people live in concentrated communities, they believe in Hinayana Buddhism as well as primitive religion. Dai people scattered around the country mostly believe in primitive religions, some believe in Guandi and Guanyin, and some believe in Christianity.

Although the national festivals of the Dai people vary from place to place, they are all closely related to religious beliefs. In Xishuangbanna, Dehong and other Dai inhabited areas, the main festivals are Dai calendar New Year, Closing Festival, Opening Festival and Jumping.

The Dai New Year is commonly known as the Water-Splashing Festival, and the Dai languages are "Sangkan Bimai" and "Suohe Sangkan", which falls in June (April of Gregorian calendar) and lasts for three to five days. The activities include picking flowers, piling sand, bathing in Buddha, splashing water, rowing dragon boats, and raising the height, etc. Song and dance activities are even more important activities in the Dai calendar New Year.

The closing and opening festivals, which are called "Howasa" and "Owassa" in Dai language, are derived from the Buddhist term "Sasana", meaning "fasting". From September to December in the Dai calendar (July to September in the Gregorian calendar), these three months are in the rainy season, so people should concentrate on going to Buddhist temples to worship Buddha and listen to scriptures and stop other activities; Young men and women can't fall in love and get married, which is called Closing Day.

When the rainy season is over and the harvest is coming, the Open Door Festival will be celebrated. At that time, young men and women will put on new clothes, join groups, beat drums and gongs, walk around villages and villages, and finally hold a Buddha's pilgrimage in Buddhist temples. In the past, a dance was held on the eighth day of the second month of the Gregorian calendar: the men in the village prepared abundant food to offer sacrifices to the Buddha in the Buddhist temple, and then in the Buddhist temple, four people danced with cymbals, gongs and elephant-foot drums respectively, and they drank up after the dance.

this kind of jumping activity is rare now. In the past, a grand Buddha-worship activity was held during the dance swing, also called "big swing", with chanting during the day and singing and dancing performances at night, but now it is not carried out.

Dai people in multi-ethnic mixed areas believe in primitive religions, and some of them celebrate the Spring Festival with other ethnic groups, and rush to the flower street. In some places, there are activities of offering sacrifices to dragon trees and ancestors, and only a few places have sacrificial dances. Dai nationality is a nation with ancient culture, and it is also a nation that can sing and dance well.

There are many kinds and forms of Dai dances, and they are very popular, and each has its own characteristics. Generally speaking, representative programs can be divided into three categories: self-entertainment, performance and sacrifice.

1. Self-entertaining programs include "Ga Guang", "Elephant Foot Drum Dance", "Yelahui" and "Shout Half Light", among which "Ga Guang" and "Elephant Foot Drum Dance" are the most representative ones. "Ga Guang" is a Dai language. "Ga" means jumping or dancing. "Guang" refers to drums in general, and also means gathering and piling up.

"Ga Guang" can be translated as "dancing around the drum" or "dancing and encouraging". Xishuangbanna is called "Fanguang", and many places are also called "Jumping Pendulum" and "Ning Pendulum".

This dance is the oldest dance of the Dai people, and it is popular in more than 2 counties and cities. It is a self-entertainment dance that can be danced by all men, women and children, regardless of the venue. Gaguang is accompanied by national percussion music such as elephant foot drums and cymbals; But in some places, people who beat drums and cymbals also take part in the dance and lead people to dance in circles.

In the past, many dancers could do whatever they wanted, just being warm and cheerful. Many unified movements and routines have been developed, and their names vary from place to place, and some dance programs have been derived.

For example, there are more than 3 sets of "New Ga Guang" danced by young people, "Ga Ya Yang" danced by two middle-aged and elderly women and "Ga Wen" (soft dance) danced by old men. Elephant-foot drum dance is a male dance with self-entertainment and performance.

The elephant foot drum is named according to the shape of the drum. The Dai people generally call it Gaguang, but there are different names for the long, medium and small elephant foot drums. This kind of dance is mainly based on beating the elephant foot drum, accompanied by cymbals and cymbals, or dancing with drums and cymbals.

The drum body length of the long elephant foot drum is 1.8 to 2 meters, which is called "Ga Guang Rao" in Dai language and is found everywhere, but Ruili County is the most representative. Long elephant-foot drums are mostly used for accompaniment, which can play a variety of drums, and there are some drum expressions, such as "about pen Luo, about pen Luo, about miles" (meaning "lift well, lift well, lift your wings well"); You can also edge. 2. Write a composition of the Dai people

The origin and legend of the Songkran Festival is an annual traditional festival of the Dai people (April 13th to 15th in the solar calendar). Dai language is called "Leng He Shang Han", which means "June New Year" or "Dai calendar New Year". In fact, the Songkran Festival is the New Year's Day of the Dai calendar. Because of the Dai calendar, the new year is counted from June. However, there are two legends about the origin of the Songkran Festival. A long time ago, an evil devil occupied the beautiful and rich Xishuangbanna and took seven beautiful girls as his wives. The girls are full of hatred, plotting how to kill the devil. One night, Nong Xiang, the youngest girl, got the devil drunk with the best wine and meat, making him reveal his fatal weakness. It turned out that this demon king, who was fearless of heaven and earth, was afraid to tie his neck with his hair. The alert little girl carefully pulled out a red hair of the demon king and tied his neck. Sure enough, the devil's head fell off and turned into a ball of fire. Wherever it rolled, the evil fire spread. The bamboo house was burned and the crops were burnt. In order to put out the evil fire, the little girl grabbed the devil's head, and the other six girls took turns splashing water on it, and finally put out the evil fire in June of the Dai calendar. The villagers began to live and work in peace and contentment. Since then, there has been the custom of splashing water every year. Now, the custom of splashing water has actually become a form of mutual blessing. In Dai people's eyes, water is a symbol of holiness, beauty and light. With water in the world, everything can grow, and water is the god of life. However, the story of the Dai Water-splashing Festival in Huaping, Lijiang is unique. The Dai people here are the northernmost Dai tribe in China and even in Asia. Their story goes like this: It is said that a long time ago, a Dai village near the Jinsha River lived in the depths of the dense forest. Because the forest caught fire, the villagers were in danger of being swallowed up by the fire. A Dai man named Li Liang, in order to protect the village, rushed out of the fire net and picked buckets of river water from the Jinsha River to sprinkle a mountain fire. After a day and a night of fatigue, the mountain fire was finally extinguished, and the villagers were saved. Li Liang sweated dry because of fatigue. The villagers called clear water to quench Li Liang's thirst, but drinking ninety-nine buckets of water couldn't quench his thirst. Later, Li Liang dived into the river and turned into a dragon, leaving along the river. Some people say that he has become a big tree. In order to commemorate Li Liang, every year on the third day of the third lunar month, the Dai people clean every house, sprinkle pine leaves, and set up a green shed with green trees for half a mile along the selected river or well. The shed is covered with thick pine needles, and tanks filled with water are placed on both sides. At noon, when the sun is at the top, everyone walks under the shed and sprinkles each other with pine branches to express their nostalgia for Li Liang and their wishes for the New Year. This activity has continued to this day, becoming a festival for the Dai people to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new-water splashing festival. When the Water-Splashing Festival comes, Dai people are busy killing pigs, chickens and making wine. They also have to make many "rice cakes" and a variety of Baba made of glutinous rice to eat during the festival. 3. Composition about the Dai people

The Dai people in China are a nation with a long cultural tradition and a population of nearly one million.

It is mainly distributed in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, western Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture and Gengma Menglian Autonomous County. Songkran Festival is the most important festival of Dai people.

It is held in April of the lunar calendar every year, usually for three to four days. Up to now, there is still a myth circulating among the Dai people: in ancient times, there was a demon in the Dai area. He did many evils and people hated him, but nothing could deal with the demon.

Later, seven girls discovered the devil's achilles heel. Only the devil's hair can be put to death. One night, the girls bravely killed the devil.

But as soon as the demon's head touched the ground, it started a fire. At this point, the girls immediately took turns to pick up their heads.

change it once a year, when changing people. People poured water on the girl holding her head to wash away the blood and fatigue.

Later, the most important festival of the Dai people, the Water-splashing Festival, was formed. On "Mairi", the first day of the festival.

early in the morning, people gather flowers and green leaves to worship in the Buddhist temple, but they come to "bathe the Buddha" with clean water-to welcome the dust for the Buddha statue. After the "bath", the collective splashing began.

A group of young men and women poured out of the streets with clear water, throwing it at everyone. "When the water is splashed, the Dai family will flourish," "When you get wet, you will be happy for life." One after another, auspicious, happy and healthy water blooms in the air.

Dragon boat rowing is one of the most exciting programs in the Songkran Festival, which is often held on the third day of Maipaya Evening Horse. On that day, people put on festive costumes and gathered on the banks of Lancang River and Ruili River to watch the dragon boat race.

There are all kinds of dragon boats moored on the river, and dozens of strong players are sitting on the boat. When the order is given, the dragon boats fly forward like arrows. There are gongs, drums, trumpets and cheers everywhere, and the festive atmosphere has reached * * * here.

"Flying High" is another program of the Songkran Festival. Gaosheng is a kind of self-made fireworks by Dai people. Gunpowder and other ingredients are added to the bottom of bamboo poles, which are placed on tall towers made of bamboo, which are often set off at night.

setting off gorgeous fireworks in the air is as dazzling and wonderful as flowers. Songkran Festival is the crystallization of Dai traditional culture, and it is a happy and happy festival. 4. Composition fragments describing the folk customs of the Dai people

The major festivals of the Dai people are the Dai calendar New Year-the Water Splashing Festival, the Closing Festival and the Opening Festival.

"Water-splashing Festival" is a traditional festival for the Dai people to see off the old and welcome in the new, and the time is in the middle of April in the Gregorian calendar. The main activities during the festival are ancestor worship, building sand, splashing water, losing packets, dragon boat racing, sparking and singing and dancing carnival.

Taboo: It is forbidden for outsiders to ride horses, drive cattle, carry loads and enter the stockade with unkempt hair; When entering the Dai bamboo house, you should take off your shoes outside the door and walk lightly inside. You can't sit above or cross the fireplace, enter the owner's inner room, or sit on the threshold; You can't move the tripod on the fireplace, and you can't pedal the fire; Don't whistle and cut your nails at home; Do not use clothes as pillows or sit on pillows; When drying clothes, the coat should be dried at a high place, and the pants and skirts should be dried at a low place; When entering a Buddhist temple, you should take off your shoes and avoid touching the young monk's head, Buddha statues, spears, banners and other Buddhist sacred objects. Daily Eating Habits Most Dai people have the habit of eating two meals by solar eclipse, with rice and glutinous rice as their staple food.

Dehong Dai people's staple food is japonica rice, while Xishuangbanna Dai people's staple food is glutinous rice. Usually, it is eaten immediately. People believe that japonica rice and rice need to be eaten immediately without losing their original color and fragrance, so they don't eat overnight rice or rarely eat it, and they are used to pinching rice with their hands.

migrant workers often have fish meals in the wild. They use banana leaves or rice to make a ball of glutinous rice, and they can eat it with salt, chili pepper, sour meat, roast chicken, Nanmi (which means sauce in Dai language) and moss pine. All dishes and snacks are mainly sour, such as sour bamboo shoots, sour pea powder, sour meat and wild sour fruit; I like to eat dried sauerkraut, and its preparation method is to dry the vegetables. 5. Introduction to Dai Composition

Overview of Dai customs

Dai is one of the 56 ethnic minorities in China, and most of them live in the border of Yunnan Province. According to statistics, the Dai population is 1,25,128. Dai people have their own history and customs. This article will generally introduce four contents about Dai customs: diet, religious beliefs, festivals and taboos.

1. Diet

Like most Asian nationalities, the diet of the Dai people is mainly cereals. The Dai people's staple food cereals in different regions are slightly different. According to Zhong Fulan's introduction to Dai customs, the Dai people in Dehong mainly eat stem rice, while the Dai people in Xishuangbanna mainly eat glutinous rice. (3) The meat eaten by Dai people is mainly pork, beef, chickens and ducks, and rarely mutton. (Zhongfulan 3) Bitter bamboo shoots and bitter gourd are common vegetables of Dai people. Dai people like to eat insects, cicadas, bamboo worms and spiders are all raw materials for Dai snacks. (Zhong Fulan 3)

2. Religious belief

The Dai people are a people who believe in Buddhism in the Upper Seats (Hinayana). Different from the Mahayana Buddhism believed by the Han nationality, the Mahayana Buddhism believed by the Dai people has no belief in bodhisattva, and there is no vulgar custom of burning scars. Like other Hinayana Buddhist areas, Dai boys need to become monks and receive Buddhist religious education in temples before they reach adulthood, and then they can choose to return to the customs and become a family or stay in a temple to continue their practice and become official monks who are bound by monks. Those who are not monks will be regarded as minors or uneducated.

3. Festivals

Most Dai festivals are Buddhist festivals, the most famous of which is the Water Splashing Festival. In the article Legend of the Origin and Origin of the Dai Water-splashing Festival, the author points out that the Water-splashing Festival originated in Borneo, India.