The cultural heritage of Yongzhou can reflect the ideology and mental outlook of Yongzhou people at that time in some ways, and it contains infinite wisdom and spiritual strength. Attaching importance to it means attaching importance to the role of consciousness, which can actively act on matter, that is, it can help us actively transform Yongzhou society and create greater social material wealth and spiritual wealth. The development of Yongzhou has not been hindered by the accumulation of material wealth and spiritual wealth, so the development and protection of Yongzhou's cultural heritage can help us develop Yongzhou. Understanding the history and culture of Yongzhou can enhance the pride of our citizens and greatly improve the cultural civilization of Yongzhou, which is also of great significance to the whole country.
(1) Analysis and Investigation on the Protection and Development of Yongzhou Cultural Heritage
Rich tourism cultural resources.
(1) has a long history and numerous human landscapes. There are many historical celebrities in Yongzhou, such as Shun Di, Liu Zongyuan, Huai Su, Zhou Dunyi and Huang Tingjian. The local culture is rich, such as Shun culture, Liu Wenhua, inscription culture, female calligraphy culture and cursive script culture. In addition, there are more than 2,000 ancient tombs, temples, towers, pavilions and bridges in Yongzhou, of which 238 are listed as key cultural relics protection units by the state, provinces and counties.
(2) Beautiful scenery and unique natural landscape. Yongzhou is famous for its mountains and beautiful water. Num is cut vertically from north to south, and Xiangjiang River is vertical and horizontal from west to east. The four national forest parks, Jiuyi Mountain, Yangmingshan Mountain, Huang Shun and Jin Dong Forest Farm, are located in China. The whole area belongs to a typical karst landform, with mountains and rivers interlaced and unique scenery.
The following members of this group personally inspected the current situation of tourism resources in Yongzhou, as shown below.
Yangmingshan is a provincial nature reserve with fertile soil and rich resources. The mountain is rich in bamboo and wood, and is known as the hometown of bamboo. Precious and rare Metasequoia glyptostroboides in China, where there are patches of secondary forests; The endangered silver pheasant sometimes walks and flies in the mountains. Other precious medicinal materials, rare birds and animals, are varied and difficult to remember. It is a veritable treasure house of animals and plants. The winding and majestic Yangming Mountain is a charming holiday resort. Climb Gao Qiao Peak, overlooking the surrounding area, you can see the ancient city of Yongzhou, winding paths and Xiaoxiang. Yanghe Mountain is misty and quiet as a secluded place;
Shunhuangshan National Forest Park is divided into three scenic spots, namely the Alsophila River, Zihuaping and Shunhuangfeng, with more than 100 scenic spots. With diverse landscapes and unique forest landscapes, there are 30,000 mu of primary and secondary forests, which is the richest gene bank of animals and plants in our province.
(3) There are many ethnic minorities and simple folk customs. There are 29 ethnic groups in Yongzhou, mainly Han, Yao and Zhuang, which makes Yongzhou folk culture have a long history, strong local flavor and strong external attraction.
Yongzhou minority culture analysis is as follows:
Nvshu Culture Village is located in Shangjiangwei Town, Jiangyong County, Hunan Province, at the north gate of Jiangyong County, which is 13 kilometers away from the county seat. Nvshu, known by experts as "southern Chuqi script", has been gradually recognized as the only female script discovered by human beings since it was made public in 1980s. It is said that it has special significance and research value for philology, linguistics, women's studies and even history, archaeology, human beings and nations. Features: It is the only place where women's characters have been found. It is said that it has special significance and research value for philology, linguistics, women's studies and even history, archaeology and ethnology. Travel route: There are three scenic spots to visit: Pumei Village, Jing Tian Village and Tongkou Village.
The unique artistic features of Wuxi Forest of Steles and its historical artistic, literary and aesthetic values have made outstanding contributions to the development of calligraphy art in China. The calligraphy inscriptions in Wuxi forest of steles in different periods, as well as the evaluation and praise of calligraphers and calligraphers in previous dynasties, confirmed that Wuxi inscriptions occupy an important historical position in the history of calligraphy art.
B tourism infrastructure and tourism service facilities are improving day by day.
1. Tourism infrastructure has been gradually improved. (1) The road system in Yongzhou City is improving day by day, and the traffic conditions are improving. There are three major traffic arteries in the territory, namely, Luozhan Railway, Hengzao Expressway and Yong Lian Highway, and the location advantages are gradually emerging. (2) Relevant supporting facilities are obviously improved. Yongzhou has complete water, electricity and gas systems and good environmental sanitation, which provides a good external environment for the development of tourism activities in Yongzhou.
2. Tourism service facilities have developed rapidly. There are travel agencies 19 in the city, including 2 international travel agencies; There are 20 star-rated hotels, including four-star hotels 1 home and three-star hotels. Demonstration sites of tourism and catering in the whole province 1 unit.
C initially formed a relatively complete tourism management network.
Yongzhou has initially formed nine scenic spots, including Shan Zhi Yangliu Culture, Jiuyi Mountain Shun Culture, Yangmingshan Buddhism Culture, Wuxi Ancient Calligraphy Forest, Jianghua Jiangyongyao Culture, Daozhou Lianxi Hometown, Bailiping Lake in the central city and Huangshunshan Eco-tourism Zone, and basically formed a relatively complete tourism management network.
(2) Problems and countermeasures in the investigation of Yongzhou cultural heritage protection and development.
First of all, protecting cultural heritage is the premise of rational development. Through radio and television and other media propaganda means, people's knowledge and understanding of traditional culture will be improved, and a good atmosphere of respecting and loving traditional culture and actively participating in protection and rescue will be formed in the whole society.
Second, actively participate in the declaration of cultural heritage that can meet the "World Heritage" standards, and provide a code of conduct for the protection and development of domestic cultural heritage with a worldwide vision and norms.
Third, reasonably regulate the responsibilities and behaviors of local governments in the protection and development of cultural heritage. These acts of destruction or over-exploitation are firmly prohibited. In view of the major cultural heritage destruction events within the jurisdiction, the leadership accountability system must be implemented.
Fourth, the rational and effective use of market means to develop cultural heritage moderately is not only conducive to expanding publicity and increasing income, but also the basis for further protection of cultural heritage; Resolutely put an end to using vulgar market means to manage traditional culture.
Fifth, on the basis of expanding financial support for cultural heritage protection and development funds, actively guide social funds to enter in parallel, and form a multi-subject cultural heritage protection and development pattern;
Sixth, establish and improve laws and regulations on the protection and development of cultural heritage, strengthen the punishment for the destruction and over-exploitation of cultural heritage, and ensure that there are laws to follow, laws to be observed, violators to be prosecuted and law enforcement to be strict.
Seventh, actively sum up the experience of cultural heritage protection and development, optimize and popularize the positive experience at home and abroad according to the actual situation in various places, and conscientiously sum up the setbacks and lessons.
(3) A special investigation on the cultural heritage of Daoxian County in Yongzhou City.
1, survey background
On August 17, the "Hunan-Jiangxi-Guangdong-Guangxi Archaeological Summit Forum" held in Yongzhou City, Hunan Province was informed that a huge ancient stone statue group larger than the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang was discovered in the depths of Nanling Mountain in Daoxian County, Yongzhou City.
The ghost hill sacrificial site where this stone statue group is located is located in the ghost hill, one kilometer south of Tianguangdong Village, Xianglinpu Town, Dao County, Hunan Province, and belongs to Nanling Mountains. Its center is 35 kilometers away from Shun Di Mausoleum in Jiuyi Mountain. Guizailing is named after nearly 10,000 stone statues on the ground and underground. Locals usually call these stone statues "ghost cubs".
According to the investigation of Hunan Provincial Cultural Relics Department, the stone statue of Guizailing is still the oldest portrait stone carving group discovered by archaeological investigation so far. The stone statues of the early history in this site were made 5000 years ago, and the stone statues of Qin, Han, Wei and Jin dynasties were made 2000-5000 years ago. In particular, the stone statues in early history occupy about 30% of all the stone statues on the table, and their production date is the earliest in China.
2. Introduce the contents of ghost stone statues in detail.
The stone statue of Guizailing is the largest group of portrait stone carvings found in domestic archaeological investigation so far. Tang said that the Guizailing site is a large-scale sacrificial site in ancient times. There are portraits of civil servants, officers, pregnant women and all kinds of ordinary soldiers. The height of the stone statues varies from 30 cm to 100 cm.
The statue of the warrior on Ghost Mountain is short, but powerful.
Strange "ghost pups" are scattered in Ghost Puppies Ridge.
This ghost cub looks fatter.
The reporter interviewed Tang, director of Daoxian Cultural Relics Management Office, who has studied this ancient stone statue group for a long time. According to him, this stone group has a large number, unique technology, long history and rich connotation. "The Terracotta Warriors and Horses, whose scale exceeds the eighth wonder of the world", is regarded as another miracle of the world.
After preliminary research, the ghost mountain where this stone statue group is located is an ancient sacrificial site, located in the depths of Nanling Mountains. Its center is 35 kilometers away from the Shundi Mausoleum in Jiuyi Mountain. Guizailing is named after nearly 10,000 stone statues on the ground and underground. Locals usually call these stone statues "ghost cubs".
The stone statue of Guizailing is the largest group of portrait stone carvings found in domestic archaeological investigation so far. According to the investigation and statistics of China Stone Sculpture Museum and Hunan archaeological research experts, there are more than 5,000 rough and vivid stone statues scattered on the surface of 1.5 million square meters, and a large number of stone statues are buried about 2 meters underground, which is more than the number of Terracotta Warriors and Horses, the eighth wonder in the world.
The earliest production date was 5000 years ago.
According to the investigation of Hunan Provincial Cultural Relics Department, the stone statue of Guizailing is still the oldest portrait stone carving group discovered by archaeological investigation so far. The stone statues of the early history in this site were made 5000 years ago, and the stone statues of Qin, Han, Wei and Jin dynasties were made 2000-5000 years ago. In particular, the stone statues in early history occupy about 30% of all the stone statues on the table, and their production date is the earliest in China. In addition, the production of stone statues continued in the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties.
Tang said that the Guizailing site is a large-scale sacrificial site in ancient times. There are portraits of civil servants, officers, pregnant women and all kinds of ordinary soldiers. The height of the stone statues varies from 30 cm to 100 cm.
Inference has the nature of primitive sacrifice or commemoration.
Archaeologists infer from the existing data and field investigation that the ghost mountain and the stone statue were originally just a large sacrificial altar, which was piled up or selected by prehistoric people. The "stone statue" is covered with altars, which has the nature of primitive sacrifice or commemoration and has a history of thousands of years.
The stone statue of Guizailing is still one of the "mysteries" that cannot be solved by academic circles at home and abroad. Tang believes that it is of far-reaching significance to study the turtle ridge stone statue. With the solution of the "mystery", it will add physical evidence to the origin of China civilization, and it will also have a certain "revision" effect on the history of ancient sculpture art in China.
value analysis
A: The stone statue of Guizailing is the largest group of portrait stone carvings found in domestic archaeological investigation so far. According to the investigation and statistics of China Stone Sculpture Museum and Hunan archaeological research experts, there are more than 5,000 stone statues scattered on the surface, and a large number of them are buried about 2 meters underground. There are more stone statues than terracotta warriors and horses, which is the eighth wonder in the world and another miracle in the world.
B, Turtle Ridge Stone Statue is the oldest group of portrait stone carvings discovered by archaeological investigation so far. The stone statues of the early history in this site were made 5000 years ago, and the stone statues of Qin, Han, Wei and Jin dynasties were made 2000-5000 years ago. In particular, the stone statues in early history occupy about 30% of all the stone statues on the table, and their production date is the earliest in China.
C. the production technology and modeling of the stone statue of guizailing are unique and have only been seen in China so far. Stone statues are rough in material and do not pay attention to details. Rough lines are often combined with natural twisted lumps, which have a strong sense of integrity and rhythm and can cause great psychological shock. Although there are many kinds of stone statues, most of them are "bent legs" in the shape of "crossing toes", with exaggerated shapes and strange meanings. The stone statue of "pregnant woman" embodies the ancient concept of reproductive worship, and the general statue of "riding an elephant" is consistent with the ancient legend about the Chu-Vietnam war in the south. The portraits of civil servants, military commanders, generals and ordinary soldiers together constitute the real life scenes in the mysterious world.
D. The site of Guizailing is a long-term large-scale sacrificial place. The Guizailing culture, created jointly by Han and Yao ancestors, reflects many characteristics of Nanchu culture and provides a good starting point for studying Nanchu culture and Monan Yao history. A large number of temples around the site, a large number of "Shunde" cultural relics in ancient houses and Chen's genealogy clearly record that the villagers with five surnames in Tian and Guangdong are descendants of Shun, which reflects that the worship of Guizailing is related to Shun, and provides physical evidence for studying Shunde culture, local history and ways of worshiping Shun.
Conclusion: The existence and discovery of the stone statue of Guizailing is still one of the "mysteries" that cannot be solved by academic circles at home and abroad. Its causes are related to ancestral temple worship, and may also have elements of primitive religion, nationality and folk customs. However, due to the long history and large age span, the reasons for the existence of stone statues in various periods cannot be generalized. According to the present data and investigation, it is inferred that the ghost mountain and the stone statue were originally a large sacrificial altar, and the "ghost mountain" was an altar piled up or selected by prehistoric people. Stone statues are all over the altar and have the nature of primitive sacrifice or commemoration. After thousands or even tens of thousands of years of history, later generations continued to carve, forming a phenomenon of multi-level carving of stone statues. The study of the stone statue in Guizailing is of far-reaching significance. With the cracking of this mystery, it will add physical evidence to the origin of Chinese civilization, and it will have a certain "correction" effect on the history of ancient sculpture art in China, and it will be written into the history textbook of China.
(4) Specific measures to strengthen the protection and development of Yongzhou cultural heritage.
First, the evolution of management institutions.
The party and the government attach great importance to the protection of the stone statue of Guiziling. Establish a professional committee to be responsible for the protection of cultural relics and forests; The establishment of the Administration of Cultural Relics Protection Zones is to accelerate the development of cultural industry and tourism, and further promote the effective protection and rational utilization of cultural relics resources.
Two. Strengthen the construction of laws and regulations and protect the world heritage according to law
In order to strengthen the legal construction of the management of the stone statues in Guizailing, according to the requirements of the China Heritage Law, the World Heritage Convention and the Cultural Relics Protection Law, a forward-looking and operable Outline of the Strategic Development Plan of Guizailing Research Institute for 20 10-2020 is compiled to protect, research, information, safety, management, utilization and guarantee the stone statues in Guizailing.
Third, strengthen investment in basic protection research and improve the scientific and technological level of cultural relics protection.
In the new historical stage, it is an important task for stone statue protection workers in Guizailing to carry out stone statue protection more systematically and scientifically.
1, strengthen daily maintenance and do basic work well.
2. Improve the monitoring system, strengthen the monitoring of grottoes, and provide scientific basis for the protection of grottoes.
3. Actively carry out cooperative research to improve the scientific and technological content of grotto protection.
4. Actively carry out international cooperation to improve the protection level of grottoes.
International cooperation is an important way to learn advanced foreign protection concepts and technologies.
Fourth, strengthen the basic research work of grottoes and improve the level of special research.
1. Write a report on the stone statue of Guizailing to promote the research work in by going up one flight of stairs.
2. Collate the basic data of Longmen Grottoes to promote the in-depth research work.
In addition, the basic work such as sorting out the research results of stone statues in Guizailing, collecting historical documents and local chronicles of stone statues in Guizailing, sorting out historical mapping and photographic materials has been completed.
3. Excavate the stone statue site of Guizailing and build the Leigutai Site Museum.
4. Organize the excavation data of Fengxian Temple site and carry out archaeological drilling in the site area.
5. Publish academic research publications to show the cultural connotation of the stone statue of Guizailing.
Five, the implementation of three-dimensional digital technology engineering, the establishment of industry technical standards.
Three-dimensional digital technology is a brand-new and advanced information science and technology. Using three-dimensional data to store and preserve the information of ghost rock images is of great significance in archives construction, archaeological surveying and mapping, cultural relics protection, publicity and display, etc. , can better solve the contradiction between cultural relics protection and exhibition, and promote the development of culture, tourism, education and entertainment industries.
Six, the establishment of China Association for the Protection of Monuments and Sites Guizailing Stone Carving Professional Committee.
Seven, follow the planning, improve the environment, build the Longmen Grottoes with green mountains and green waters, and realize the harmony and unity of human landscape and natural landscape. Through this series of renovation, the environmental appearance and quality of the stone statue in Guizailing have undergone tremendous changes, with beautiful scenery and harmonious unity of humanity and nature. At the same time, environmental improvement is of great significance for improving the regional micro-environment, delaying the weathering of the stone statues in Guiziling and effectively protecting the grottoes.
Eight, strengthen exchanges and expand influence.
1. hold an international seminar on Longmen Grottoes.
2. Actively return the lost overseas cultural relics.
3. Actively hold exhibitions at home and abroad.
Nine, strengthen personnel training, to achieve sustainable development.
The introduction and cultivation of talents is the key to realize the sustainable development of the protection and research of the stone statues in Guiziling. Since its establishment, the Institute has successively introduced professionals in the protection, research and information of the stone statues in Guizailing, all of whom have bachelor degree or above, covering cultural relics protection, geology, archaeology, history, art, computer and other fields.
Auxiliary materials of intransitive verbs
Catalogue of auxiliary materials: (such as photographic photos, original materials, etc.). Please pay attention to neatness when pasting)
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Daoxian county intangible cultural heritage training class
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Jiangyong Cultural Heritage Appraisal Meeting
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Our album-shooting in the wild
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Seven. Comments on the research report of the project team (teachers give comments and opinions from the aspects of topic selection, project implementation process and project results, etc.). )