Some people say that cooking oil does not smoke and the food is not fragrant. So hot oil, vegetables into the pot, full of smoke. So, what is the composition of lampblack? Cooking oil fume is a large number of thermal oxidation decomposition products produced by a series of chemical changes in cooking oil and food at high temperature. More than 220 kinds of chemical substances were detected by analyzing the oil fume samples of fried food in the family kitchen, mainly aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, alcohols, lipids, heterocyclic compounds and so on. Known mutagenic carcinogens, such as volatile nitrosamines, also exist in cooking fumes. In particular, cooking methods such as frying, frying and baking will form quite a lot of mutagenic substances.

Barbecue meat often contains a variety of strong carcinogens. Studies show that if meat is smoked and roasted at high temperature, some protein will be converted into carcinogens. Tryptophan in protein, such as beef and mutton, can form aminomethyl derivatives after being burnt, which is a strong carcinogen, and its carcinogenic effect exceeds aflatoxin.

After the oil fume is inhaled by human body, it may cause respiratory mucosa damage and cause changes in human immune function. Case data show that there is a certain relationship between cooking fume and lung cancer. If cooking oil fume can be controlled, the incidence of lung cancer may be reduced by 565,438+0.56%. Moreover, among the factors leading to lung cancer, cooking oil fume is the second biggest hazard after "deep breathing" smoke. Therefore, some people think that if we can quit smoking and reduce the harm of cooking fumes, it is possible to reduce the incidence of lung cancer by 85%.

So, how to reduce the harm of harmful substances such as cooking fume to human body? This is not a very difficult thing. As long as we pay attention to this problem and do the following, the goal can be achieved.

We need to know the toxicity of harmful components in cooking oil fume and eat less fried and smoked food; Improve the ventilation conditions of the kitchen, ensure the rapid discharge of oil fume and purify the kitchen air; Avoid cooking without brushing the pan, because some protein and fatty foods will coke during cooking and produce a certain amount of benzopyrene; Advocate the use of high-quality soybean oil and peanut oil that produce less cooking fumes; Don't eat the remaining oil in fried food many times; Deteriorating or long-term storage of edible oil is easy to produce more lampblack, so it should be avoided or reduced as much as possible; Ensure the cleanliness and hygiene of the kitchen. Obviously, these simple methods can reduce our intake of harmful substances such as cooking fumes.

Environmental protection diet

Two hours' smoke is equivalent to two packs of cigarettes. First of all, many ecologists and environmentalists strongly advocate eating less or no meat. In Europe and America, where meat is the main food, the average person eats meat 100 kg per year, and 60% of grain output is used as feed for livestock and poultry. Eating less meat reduces the amount of livestock and poultry and the consumption of food, which indirectly plays a role in protecting the environment. Some countries in western Europe, especially Germany, have called porridge cooked with tofu, bean products and millet "environmental protection food", and there is a trend of "eating more tofu and bean products and eating less meat", and even an absolute vegetarian diet has emerged.

The third is to eat less food with high lead content. Ordinary preserved eggs, popcorn, canned drinks and foods may all be high-lead foods. According to research, children who eat canned metal drinks and food have high blood lead content. Because the absorption rate of lead in the intestine will increase exponentially on an empty stomach, and greasy food can promote the absorption of lead in the intestine, so we should eat regularly and eat less greasy food.

Also remember that the first tap water in the morning can't be used for cooking, because this kind of water stays in the water pipe for a long time and the heavy metal content on the water pipe is high. Every morning, tap water should be turned on 1~5 minutes before drinking water is taken. In addition, we should always clean the scale in the kettle to prevent it from aggravating the pollution of drinking water.

Finally, we should eat more foods rich in calcium, iron and zinc. In the intestine, calcium, iron, zinc and lead are absorbed by the same carrier protein, just like many people crowded in the same car, and everyone is competing with each other. As the absorption of calcium, iron and zinc increases, the absorption of lead decreases relatively. In our diet, ensuring proper calcium, iron and zinc can reduce the harm of lead. Bean products, dairy products and animal bones are rich in calcium; Meat and eggs are rich in iron; Meat and seafood are rich in zinc. Therefore, we can't be partial eclipse, we need to consciously overcome the problem of partial eclipse and make our food as colorful as possible.

Reasonable drinking water

Water is a kind of nutrient, which is necessary for all life. No living things and water can survive. The water suitable for human consumption is pollution-free and clean fresh water.

The chronic damage caused by unqualified drinking water to human health should not be underestimated. According to a recent data provided by the United Nations Department of Health, oxides, chlorides and heavy metal compounds (such as mercury and lead) in drinking water will affect the kidneys and central nervous system, and may lead to cancer. Calcium, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, arsenic trioxide and colloid can affect the liver, kidney and nervous system; Excessive iron oxide may also cause uremia and metabolic disorder.

In recent years, the quality of tap water has been declining. Especially in the north of China, the hardness of tap water is very high, and the tap water with high hardness has a lot of scale and bad taste. This prompted residents to choose pure water. Nowadays, it is more and more common for people to drink pure water.

So, what is pure water? Pure water is water made by removing impurities from water with a pure water machine. The water purifier makes natural water undergo electrodialysis, ion exchange, ultrafiltration, ozone sterilization and oxygen treatment to make purified water. In addition to the function of general water purifiers to remove germs, the biggest advantage of water purifiers is that they can remove heavy metals and minerals in water, that is, they can remove various substances dissolved in water. The water purifier can remove mercury, cadmium, chromium and other heavy metals harmful to human body, and the removal effect can reach 90% ~ 99%. This means that it is possible to remove harmful heavy metals. People in areas with high hardness of drinking water should drink purified water properly. However, the elements originally contained in the water that are beneficial to the human body have also been removed. These beneficial elements include essential trace elements such as calcium, selenium, magnesium, potassium, iron and zinc. It can be seen that in the process of making pure water, on the one hand, germs, organic matter and some toxic elements harmful to human body are removed; On the other hand, trace elements beneficial to human health and essential minerals are also removed.

We know that human beings are not supernatural special creatures. Human health is closely related to drinking water and food. Humans consume nutrients in water and food to maintain life and health. These nutrients include calcium, potassium and sodium, and some trace elements such as zinc and magnesium. Drinking water is an important way for human body to absorb potassium, calcium, magnesium and other elements from the natural environment.

However, the harm of pure water to human body is not limited to this. Another aspect that can't be ignored is that when all kinds of soluble substances in the water are removed, the "space" in the water is emptied. The purer the water, the larger the "space" between molecules. Therefore, pure water becomes a solvent with strong solubility. As a solvent, water has a strong force around water molecules because of its special structure, which can attract other molecules. When a solid or other substance comes into contact with water, it will completely or partially dissolve.

Because of this feature, people can't supplement the minerals and trace elements needed by the human body in the process of drinking pure water for a long time, but will take some trace elements away from the human body, leading to the loss of trace elements and minerals, especially for pregnant women, infants and the elderly, which is more likely to cause malnutrition.

Human health is supported by many nutrients. These substances include oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium. Their content in human body must be kept at a certain value. They not only constitute various cells, tissues and organs of human body, but also have many special biochemical functions. Some trace elements, such as zinc, selenium and fluorine, are very few in human body, but they are indispensable components in vitamins, hormones and enzyme systems and bear specific biochemical functions. Drinking water is an important way for human body to absorb inorganic elements such as potassium, calcium and magnesium from the natural environment. For example, potassium is the main cation in cells and plays an important role in maintaining the normal structure and function of cells. Potassium deficiency can cause myocardial necrosis!

In addition to calcium, calcium is also an indispensable element for human body. The main component in bones is calcium. Blood also contains some calcium ions. Without these calcium ions, the skin will be cut and the blood will not coagulate easily. Calcium can also inhibit the absorption of harmful elements such as lead and cadmium. During the baby's growth and development, the bones keep growing and need enough calcium. When the human body has too little calcium, the heart muscle is weak and the contraction is incomplete, while the excitability of bones is enhanced, causing muscle contraction, rickets and osteomalacia.

According to statistics, about13 of children in China are zinc deficient. Zinc deficiency in children will cause mental retardation and decline in learning ability. Zinc deficiency in pregnant mothers can lead to fetal congenital malformation. Zinc deficiency will also affect the normal development of human brain, heart, pancreas and thyroid. Foreign studies have proved that zinc deficiency can cause many diseases, such as dwarfism, diabetes, hypertension, hypoplasia of reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics, male infertility and so on. Of course, excessive intake of zinc also has adverse effects.

Selenium deficiency in human body can cause heart disease, hypertension, Keshan disease and so on. Selenium can also reduce the incidence of gastric cancer, intestinal cancer and liver cancer. Magnesium deficiency may cause local necrosis and inflammation of myocardium and skeletal muscle. In areas where magnesium is lacking in drinking water, the incidence of cancer is often higher.