The Crown Prince of Eastern Wu: Sun Deng, the eldest son of Sun Quan, is the author of the "Departure Essay"

Character's Life: Crowned Prince

Sun Deng was the eldest son of Sun Quan, the founder of Sun Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. His biological mother had a humble status and was raised by Mrs. Xu when he was a child.

In the second year of Huangchu (220), Sun Quan professed his vassalage to Cao Wei and was named King of Wu. He also appointed Sun Deng as Dongzhonglang General and Wanhuhou. Sun Quan refused to accept Sun Deng's resignation because he was young. In the same year, Sun Quan made Sun Deng the crown prince, appointed a master for Sun Deng, and selected outstanding scholars as his guests. Sun Quan appointed Zhuge Ke, the son of Zhuge Jin, the governor of Nanjun, Zhang Xiu, the son of Suiyuan general Zhang Zhao, Gu Tan, the grandson of Prime Minister Gu Yong, and Chen Biao, the son of partial general Chen Wu. .

In the fourth year of Huangwu (225 years), Sun Quan married Zhou Yu's daughter as the crown princess for Sun Dengping. He ordered Cheng Bing to welcome Zhou Fei from Wu County to Wuchang and teach Sun Deng. He also selected Rui Xuan's daughter as Shuyuan. When Taichang Gu Yong welcomed his mother to Wuchang, Sun Deng congratulated her. Corporal Li Xian

Sun Quan hoped that Sun Deng would read the "Book of Han" familiarly to understand the history of the Han Dynasty. He believed that Zhang Zhao's research on history was based on the lessons from famous masters (Zhang Zhao once studied Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals from Baihou Zian) "), asked him for help many times, and later ordered his son Zhang Xiu to listen to Zhang Zhao's teachings first, and then return to the palace to teach Sun Deng. When Sun Deng received his subordinates, he did not require his subordinates to follow strict etiquette because of his nobility. Instead, he got along with them as civilians, such as riding in a car with Zhuge Ke, Zhang Xiu, Gu Tan, etc., or sleeping with them. together.

Zhang Wen, the Taifu of the Wu Kingdom, believed that the position of the concubine was the right-hand man of the prince and had the responsibility of assisting the prince. People with outstanding talents should be appointed to take up the position. After hearing this, Sun Quan appointed Chen Biao and four other people as the concubine. Later, after Chen Biao became the concubine, according to the court etiquette system, he had to wear official official uniforms to meet the prince from time to time, and the etiquette was too complicated. Sun Deng then asked them to remove their crowns and wear turbans on their heads before sitting down.

Guarding Wuchang

In the first year of Huanglong (229), Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor and made Sun Deng the crown prince. Xiu was the Commander-in-Chief of Youbi, Gu Tan was the Commander-in-Chief of Fu Zheng, and Chen Biao was the Commander-in-Chief of Yizheng, known as the "Four Friends". Xie Jing, Fan Shen, Diao Xuan, Yang M, etc. were all guests, so the East Palace was known to be crowded with celebrities.

In the same year, Sun Quan moved the capital to Jianye, leaving Sun Deng, the princes and nine ministers behind. He also recruited General Lu Xun to Wuchang to take charge of the palace affairs remaining in Wuchang, and assisted Sun Deng with Shangshu Shiyi. Sun Deng handles affairs cautiously and appropriately. He consults the etiquette first before implementing everything.

Sun Deng loves talents and enjoys hearing good words. So he wrote to Bu Zhi and asked for advice. Bu Zha then recruited eleven officials who held important positions in Jingzhou at that time, namely Zhuge Jin, Lu Xun, Zhu Ran, Cheng Pu, Pan F, Pei Xuan, Xia Houcheng, Wei Jing, Li Su, Zhou Tiao, Shi Qian and others. Listed, introduced and analyzed their character and talents one by one, and Shangshu hoped that Sun Deng would trust and reuse these outstanding talents. Managing the rear

In the first year of Jiahe (232 years), Sun Deng's second brother Sun Liu passed away. Sun Quan felt sad and reduced his meals. Sun Deng traveled day and night to Laixiang and informed him personally. Sun Quan immediately summoned him. When Sun Deng saw Sun Quan crying in grief, he persuaded him: "Sun Lu can't afford to fall ill. This is fate. Now the north is not unified, and everyone from all over the world is looking up in hope. God has ordered your majesty, but your majesty has followed the thinking of the lower-class people in society and reduced the number of courtiers. The diet exceeds the requirements of etiquette, and I am worried privately." Sun Quan followed his advice and increased his diet. Sun Deng stayed for more than ten days, and Sun Quan planned to return him to Wuchang. Sun Deng deeply interceded for him, thinking that the long separation made him unable to serve his parents, and that he had moral defects as a son. He also stated that Lu Xun was loyal and diligent, and Wuchang was Without any worries, Sun Quan allowed him to stay.

In the third year of Jiahe (234 years), Sun Quan led his army to attack the new city of Hefei in Wei State, and ordered Sun Deng to stay behind and manage the affairs in the rear. At that time, the crop harvest was not good and thieves increased, so Sun Deng formulated laws to deal with thieves, which achieved good results.

According to the "Book of Wu", Sun He, Sun Deng's third younger brother, was favored by Sun Quan because his mother was noble when he was young. Sun Deng was close to Sun He and respected Sun He like an elder brother. He often expressed his intention to give way to Sun He.

Sun Quan once trusted the school official Lu Yi very much and put him in charge of supervising the officials and handling the prisons. Lu Yi took the opportunity to manipulate his authority and exercise power. He enforced the criminal law very harshly, and the officials suffered greatly. bitter. Sun Deng advised him several times. Died young

In May of the fourth year of Chiwu (241), Sun Deng died at the age of thirty-three. Sun Quan was surprised and sad when he heard about it, and his grief could not be suppressed. He said: "The country has lost a wise prince, how lucky can the people be!"

Before his death, Sun Deng wrote in a letter: "I have no merits and deeds. I am seriously ill and know that I am going to die. I am not cherishing myself. I just think that I will leave my parents and be buried in the earth. I will never be able to serve in the imperial palace and meet the emperor and empress in life. It will be of no use to the country after death. Your Majesty is deeply sad, so I can't help but feel sad and choked. Today, major events in the world are undecided, and the bandits everywhere have not been punished. The people of the world are waiting eagerly to entrust their fate to Your Majesty. Those in danger hope for stability, and those in turmoil hope for governance. .

I hope that your Majesty will completely forget me, abandon the love and affection of the common people, practice the art of Huang and Lao, carefully maintain the spirit, increase food and delicacies, and broaden the mind of the gods, so as to lay the foundation for eternal achievements, so that the people of the world will be lucky enough to be relied on, and I will die. And no regrets. I heard that "when a bird is about to die, its song is mournful; when a man is about to die, his words are also kind." When Zi Niang died, he left his last words to warn the current affairs. A gentleman takes this as an act of loyalty. What's more, it's me, how can I keep silent? I hope that your Majesty will listen to my words and accept my words, so that even if I die, it will still be as if I am alive. ”

Sun Deng also recommended Lu Xun, Zhuge Jin, Bu Zhi, Zhu Ran, Quan Cong, Zhu Ju, Lu Dai, Wu Can, Kan Ze, Yan, Zhang Cheng, Sun Yi and many other outstanding people. The courtiers hoped that Sun Quan would be more familiar with them and use them to make Wu prosperous.

The memorial was not submitted until after he died. Sun Quan was even more sad because of this, and he couldn't help crying when he talked about his posthumous title. As the crown prince.

Sun Deng's former subordinate Xie Jing was the governor of Yuzhang. After hearing the death of the prince, he was deeply saddened and abandoned his official position to attend the funeral. Sun Quan then expressed his impeachment and said to him: "The work you do with the prince is different from that of other officials. "He sent envoys to express condolences, allowed him to resume his duties, and sent him back to the county.

Sun Deng was first buried in Jurong, and a garden was set up to guard it in accordance with the law. Three years later, he was buried in Jiangling. Historical evaluation

Chen Shou: ① Sun Deng’s heart is full of virtues. ② Loving people and loving kindness

Ye Shi: Sun Deng is both capable and knowledgeable, and he understands the essentials of governance deeply. After the death of Yishu, no matter whether it was three generations ago or three generations later, there were few virtuous princes and vassal kings.

Xu Song: A humble nature and eager to learn.

Li Ban: Guan Zhoujing, Prince Jin. , Prince Pi of Wei, and Prince Deng of Wu. Their writings are extraordinary and unparalleled, and they are not without shame. The anecdotes and allusions of Sun Deng are as follows: Sun Deng went out on horseback when he was in Wuchang. , a projectile flew past him, and the guards around him went to look for the person who shot the projectile. There was a man holding a slingshot with a projectile on his body. Everyone thought it was this person who shot the projectile, but he denied it, and the servants wanted to beat him. He, Sun Deng did not allow it, sent someone to look for the projectile that flew past him, and compared it with the one carried by the man. They found that the two were different, so he let the man go and once again lost the water-filled golden horse bowl. , it was found out that the thief was one of his own men. Sun Deng couldn't bear to punish him severely, so he just asked him to come and scold him, sent him home forever, and told people around him not to publicize the injustice. The reason was that it was difficult to distinguish the merits of the case. The officials who decided the case could not investigate carefully and resorted to indiscriminate punishment. As a result, the innocent were wronged.

At first, Sun Deng's biological mother was of low status, Mrs. Xu. He had been nurtured by his mother since he was a child. Later, Mrs. Xu was deposed from Wu County due to jealousy, and Mrs. Bu was the most favored. Sun Deng did not dare to refuse, but only sent someone to accept it. The clothes given to Sun Deng must be put on after bathing. Sun Deng was about to be appointed as the prince. He refused and said: "Only when the foundation is established can morality be established. If you want to establish a prince, you should first establish a queen." Sun Quan said, "Where is your mother?" Sun Deng replied: "In Wu County." "Sun Quan was silent. Personal works

"Quan Sanguo Wen" contains remarks such as "Departure Essay" and "Yu Bu Zhi Shu". Family members and elders

Grandfather: Sun Jian< /p>

Grandmother: Empress Wu Lie

Father: Sun Quan

Adoptive mother: Mrs. Xu’s concubine

Concubine Zhou, daughter of Zhou Yu. >

Concubine Rui, daughter of Rui Xuan Brothers and sisters

Sun Liu

Sun He

Sun Ba

Sun Fen.

Sun Xiu