Nine Historical Celebrities of Chinese Food Civilization (2118-11-14 21:39:48) Tags: Miscellaneous Talk

The founder of Chinese food theory-Confucius

Confucius (551 BC-479 BC), whose name is Zhong Ni. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, a native of Changping Township (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong Province), Confucius was a famous thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in ancient China. According to legend, there were 72 disciples, who led them to travel around the world for 14 years. Confucius was also an ancient literature collator, who compiled Poems and Books, ordered Rites and Music, and prefaced Zhouyi. Confucius was noble, upright, optimistic and enterprising, and pursued the truth, goodness, beauty and ideal society all his life. His thoughts and theories had a far-reaching impact on later generations. Confucius' dietary thoughts and principles are mainly embodied in The Analects of Confucius and the Rural Party, which are summarized as "two are not tired, three are moderate, and ten don't eat". Later, Mencius inherited and developed them and became the theoretical basis of the Chinese nation's dietary culture "Confucius and Mencius Esophagus". Confucius' food thought is a systematic proposition about food summarized and expounded on the basis of summing up historical experience. It is Confucius' observation of the social phenomenon of food life from a strategically advantageous position as a philosopher and thinker, his profound thinking and profound research on the historical development of food culture, and his attitude and proposition on food life as a lofty idealist and a pure ethicist. Confucius's "way of eating", among which the most well-known and representative is the word "never tire of fine food, never tire of fine food". Confucius' diet life and thoughts can be summed up in four words: simplicity and simplicity. He abides by the principles of "a gentleman seeks the Tao without seeking food", "he worries about the Tao without worrying about poverty" and "a gentleman does not want to eat enough, and he does not want to live in peace". In the 5111-year history of China, Confucius had a great influence on the character and temperament of the Chinese nation.

The present poem praises it:

The most sacred standard contains the rural party, and the history of the two schemes of Taoism and food is detailed.

the doctrine of the mean puts virtue first and self-discipline, and it hurts to spend too much time in health care.

if you tell people in moderation, you can tell them, and whoever forbids the ten commandments will keep the rules.

later generations will never tire of making two mistakes for a long time, and it is great that justice has been glorified.

Note:

1. Confucius' dietary remarks and thought records are scattered in pre-Qin classics, and the most concentrated one is The Analects of Confucius and the Rural Party.

2. Confucius advocates that "a gentleman seeks the Tao but not the potential" (The Analects of Wei Linggong), and that "a gentleman does not want to eat enough, and he does not want to live in peace" (The Analects of Confucius) values people's food over his own food; It is believed that a gentleman should take perfecting his moral cultivation and exploring the laws of the world as his unremitting pursuit all his life, and should aim at public morality for the people and the country and oppose indulging in personal material desires.

3. Confucius' opinion on the principle of sacrificial food in The Analects of Confucius and the Rural Party is summarized in the textbook as "two never tire, three moderate, and ten never eat".

4. In the two thousand years after Confucius, the exposition of "two is not strict, three is moderate, and ten does not eat" has been shrouded in various misunderstandings, especially the misunderstanding of the sentence "not tired of eating fine, not tired of eating fine". My book "The Diet Life of the First Duke Yansheng House in the World" was criticized by People's Daily (Overseas Edition), Wenhui Reading Weekly, Extensive Reading, Oriental (Tokyo) and other media.

Yi Yin Yi Yin, the prime minister who ruled the country by taste, was famous. According to Records of the Historian, Yi Yin was the prime minister of Tang Wang in Shang Dynasty, and assisted Tang Wu Wang in destroying Xia Jie. One said that he used to be a cooking slave of Xin's family, and his daughter married Tang Wang as a princess. He went to Shang as a servant of dowry. Because he is good at cooking, he is the chef of Tang Wang. He talks about how to govern the country from how to cook, and puts forward positive suggestions for Tang Wang to govern the country. King Tang knew that he had great talent and was appointed as prime minister, and Yi Yin became an important figure who assisted Shang Tang in governing the world. Yi Yin is not only an outstanding politician, but also a great pharmacist in the history of Chinese traditional medicine. According to some books on traditional Chinese medicine, Yi Yin initiated to decoct Chinese herbal medicines with pottery, which not only made Chinese herbal medicines convenient to take, but also reduced the toxic and side effects and significantly increased the curative effect. Regarding Yi Yin's theory of founding soup, it was recorded in Zi Zhi Tong Jian: Yi Yin's "As a soup, it is clear that it is cold, hot and cool, bitter and sweet, salty and light, light and clear, heavy and turbid, and yin and yang rise and fall, and it is appropriate to follow the twelve meridians. Yi Yin is good at cooking and proficient in medicine. It is not difficult to apply the experience of cooking food to the preparation of soup. The soup is decoction, and its method is similar to that of cooking food, that is, all kinds of drugs are decocted with water. It is convenient to take, and there are many kinds of drugs, which can promote absorption and reduce the side effects of drugs through interaction. It is one of the main dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine for treating diseases.

The present poem praises it:

It is said that the history of Tang has been reconstructed by later generations, and there are too many traces in ancient times.

since you are a slave and a humble courtier, you can't get the main text of the king.

The flavor metaphor is credible, and the truth of tuning the tripod is quite vivid.

whether you have personally created it or not, you should learn more about it later.

Note:

1. The Book of Records of the Historian, Volume III, Yin Benji, recorded that Yi Yin "was a courtier of Xin's family, and made a statement about soup by taste, but as for kingliness", and once told Tang "about the king and the nine masters."

2. Yi Yin tells political stories by taste. See Lu Chunqiu Ben Wei.

Tofu inventor-Liu An

Liu An (179-122 BC), the grandson of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, the eldest son of Huainan Liwang Liu Chang, once established his capital in Shouchun (now Shouxian). There are different opinions about the origin of tofu, but most of them are related to Liu An, the king of Huainan. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xiyun "planted peas and seedlings, and his heart was exhausted and rotted. If I had known Huainan art, I would have gained the spring cloth. "And since the note said" handed down tofu this Huainan Wang Shu. Li Shizhen, a medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica, Gubu Tofu that the method of tofu began with Liu An, king of southern Han Dynasty. Ming Yeziqi's Herbs Miscellaneous Articles said: Tofu was made by Liu An, the king of Huainan. Ming Su Xuexi Ping Tofu Poetry: "It is said that Huainan is the best technique, and the skin fades to see the essence. A round of grinding flows with nectar, and a hundred boiling soups roll with snowflakes. Toad has a shadow when the tile is soaked, and the jade is flawless when the golden knife cuts through it. Who knows the taste, mostly in monks and Taoists? Wang Sanpin's Textual Research on Ancient and Modern Things says, "Tofu began with the skill of the alchemist Liu An, the king of Huainan. In the early Qing Dynasty, Gao Shiqi also recorded "Tofu, the king of Huainan, Liu Anzao, also known as Li Qi" in Tian Lu Zhi Yu. Wang Ji's "The Original Meeting of Things" in Qing Dynasty said: Liu An made tofu in ancient books of the Western Han Dynasty. How did the King of Huainan invent tofu? On Monday, Liu An's mother likes to eat soybeans. One day, her mother was ill in bed. King Huainan ordered people to grind soybeans into powder and add water to make soup for her to drink, but she was afraid that the food was tasteless, so she added some salt to flavor it. Unexpectedly, it was condensed into pieces, which was the embryonic form of tofu. He also said that Liu An is an alchemist, who stresses the technique of Huang Lao. He is often accompanied by eight men (Su Fei, Li Shang, Tian You, Lei Bei, Wu Bei, Jin Chang, Mao Bei, Zuo Wu, so-called "Eight Men") to refine the elixir of immortality. He didn't want to make an alchemy, but instead made tofu with soybeans and bittern (or gypsum). There is also a legend that Liu An couldn't make an alchemy at home, and he was bored in his chest and went out for fun. Suddenly, he saw eight old people coming down from Beishan opposite him. Although they had to be chest-length, they were full of energy and legs. Liu An was so frightened that he suspected that he was a fairy, so he asked for a recipe for immortality. The old man said that he had eaten food made of ground soybeans. Liu An did the same thing and got tofu. Since then, tofu has spread among the people. In addition to inventing tofu, Liu An practiced it with the wealth of the royal family to seal the country, and put forward a set of simple and easy-to-use health preservation methods under his door: "If you treat your body and cultivate your nature, sleep properly, eat properly, be happy and move, so that you can get it in yourself, and evil spirits will not be born." This is the so-called "diet health" idea.

The present poem praises it:

The people's cream is for the tianjiao, and the cooking is thick and the table is highly respected.

when you are full and warm, you will lose your peace, and you will get the saying that you are a fool.

scientific research begins, and physical and chemical experiments produce fermented cheese.

since ancient times, longevity has never been seen before, and chickens and dogs are still left to eat.

Note:

1. Yi Ding: "Sages cook to enjoy God, while tycoons nurture sages." Kong Yingda quoted the cloud of "justice" as saying: "There are two kinds of beauty in cooking: one is for sacrifice, and the other is as a guest. If you sacrifice, the sky will be big and the guests will be sages. " Although things are clear, the powerful and powerful are self-serving and self-supporting.

2. Liu An hopes to become immortal and live forever, recruit alchemists extensively, refine the elixir, and pass it on to heaven. The story can be seen in Wang Chong's "On the Balance of Daoxu": "Wang Sui got the Tao, his family ascended to heaven, and all his livestock were immortal. Dogs barked in the sky and chickens crowed in the clouds. There is more than enough fairy medicine in this statement, and dogs and chickens eat it and ascend to heaven with the king. "

3. The word "tofu" was first written in Qing Yi Lu by Tao Gu in the Song Dynasty of the Five Dynasties. There is no definite evidence to show when it appeared last time, so there is no conclusion in academic circles so far. After the Song Dynasty, Liu An's theory of invention gradually became popular, but the evidence was insufficient. The author, who is in charge of the Han Dynasty, said that the essay "The Status of Soybean in China's Dietary Structure and the Culture of China" was discussed.

the ancestor of tea ceremony-Lu Yu

Lu Yu (733-814), whose name was hung-chien, was called Jinglingzi in Jianghu. He was named Sang Zhuweng when he lived in seclusion, and called himself Donggangzi and Chashan Yushi when he lived in Shangrao, Xinzhou. A native of Jingling County, Fuzhou, Tang Dynasty (now Tianmen County, Hubei Province), lived from Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty to Tang Dezong, and lived for about seventy years. Lu Yu is honest, loyal, trustworthy, humorous, talkative, indifferent by nature, unwilling for fame and fortune, at home everywhere, happy-go-lucky, despite his long life, his life is extremely bumpy. Lu Yu loves tea very much, and the Biography of Lu Yu in the New Tang Dynasty records that "Yu loves tea, and he has written three classics, saying that the origin, methods and tools of tea are especially prepared, and the world knows how to drink tea." In order to study the varieties and characteristics of tea, Lu Yu traveled all over the world, tasted the tea produced in various places and the water in various places, and often personally climbed the vines and went deep into the producing areas to collect and make tea. Lu Yu's literary accomplishment is also outstanding, and he has made friends with a number of celebrities such as Yan Zhenqing and Zhang Zhihe. Historical books say that he is literary and thoughtful. When the court heard that Lu Yu was very learned, it worshipped him as a prince's literature, and soon called him a blessing in Taibei Temple. However, Lu Yu had no interest in being an official. He just devoted himself to the study of tea affairs, and concentrated on writing in Tiaoxi (now Huzhou, Zhejiang Province). After years of accumulated experience, he finally wrote The Book of Tea, the first monograph on tea research in China and the first in the world. The book * * * has three volumes and ten articles, with detailed descriptions, including the characteristics, quality, origin, planting, processing and drinking of tea. The ancients said, "Those who speak tea are not good at feathers, and their writings are simple and elegant with ancient meaning.". Lu Yu was later regarded as "Tea God", "tea fairy" and "Cha Sheng". Lu Yu died of illness at the age of 72 in Tianzhu Mountain, Huzhou. Before he died, he had a song "Six Admiration Songs": "I don't envy gold, I don't envy white jade cups; Do not envy entering the province, do not envy the stage at dusk; Thousands of people admire the West River and once came down to Jingling City. "It fully shows that his character is as pure as tea.

The present poem praises it:

How many people have known about abandoning babies in ancient times, among which Hung-chien is outstanding.

I've broken through thousands of miles without learning, and I've crossed Wan Li to Aogao.

Make a thorough survey of the famous mountain products and Yao grass, and determine the next best clear spring.

The tea ceremony has changed from drinking to drinking, and the classic is childish.

Note:

1. According to the history, Lu Yu was abandoned. See the 196 biographies of New Tang Book.

2. Yu Zeng visited the famous tea producing areas to evaluate the products; Also research the spring water, the second grade.

Shennong, the pioneer of primitive agriculture

Shennong is another legendary figure who has made great contributions to the Chinese nation after Fu Xishi. According to legend, Shennong was the leader of the tribe named Jiang in Jiang Shui Valley in ancient times (also known as the sun god in ancient legends). He was a bull's head and knew his crops at the age of three. When he grew up, he was eight feet seven inches tall with a long face and big lips. A native of Suixian County, Hubei Province, was born on April 26th in the ancient calendar (also known as the late Neolithic Age). His original name was Yi Mao, and his surname was Jiang because he was born in Jiang Shui. Because he invented farming technology, he was called Shennong, also known as Yan Di, Chi Di and Lie (Li) Shan. Shennong is a sacred figure with some great wisdom and special functions in ancient legends of China. According to legend, in addition to inventing farming techniques, he made calendars, made various farm tools such as Lei, taught farmers how to raise crops, make pottery and textiles, and initiated irrigation techniques connected with nine wells, which enabled China to advance from the collection, fishing and hunting period to the farming period, and also invented medicine. He once traveled across mountains and tasted all kinds of herbs. In the book Huai Nan Zi, there is a retrospection of Shennong's "Taste a hundred herbs, the sweetness and bitterness of water springs make people avoid alcohol, and at this time, they encounter seventy poisons in one day". I'm afraid the earliest embryonic form of China's idea of "integration of medicine and food" for thousands of years came from this. Shennong was once the capital of Qufu, Shandong Province, and was honored as the god of agriculture by later generations. According to legend, he died of heartbroken eating "Huozizi" by mistake. Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica is based on his works. Legend has it that Yandi Shennong reigned in 121, and passed the title of hereditary Shennong for seven generations, which was 381 years.

The present poem praises it:

Legend has it that the Great Sage is the sun, and his three-year-old married surname is Jiang.

Primitive agriculture holds the head of cattle, and the combination of food and medicine is powerful.

According to the historical records of Leidi calendar, planting and settlement are civilized.

Now, out of the legend, the Yellow Emperor began to shine.

Suiren's family, the initiator of fire in Chinese civilization, is said to be a great man who started the era of making fire with diamonds, and lived for more than 111 years. According to Han Feizi, Taiping Yu Lan and other ancient books, in ancient times, people used to eat raw food and eat raw food. Raw food stinks, hurts the stomach and is prone to diseases. Later, people found that cooked food baked by fire was delicious and easy to digest. However, natural fires caused by lightning strikes are rare, and they go out in a short time. It is difficult for people to get and keep kindling. Inspired by the sparks of birds pecking at the wood, Suiren broke off the branches of the wood and drilled the wood to make a fire. Food, lighting, heating, smelting, etc. began to be baked with fire. Since then, human life has entered a new stage. Therefore, he was named as the head of "san huang". Shangqiu has another saying about the fire made by Suiren. In ancient times, Shangqiu was a mountain forest. Suiren people who live in the mountains often prey on wild animals, and when the stones that hit the wild animals collide with the rocks, they often produce sparks. Inspired by this, Suiren struck stones with stones, ignited tinder with the generated sparks, and gave birth to fire. This method of making fire was still used in Shangqiu rural area thirty years ago.

The present poem praises it:

san huang's first name is Xiang Man, and when he holds a torch in his hand, he becomes a god.

hundreds of wild animals avoid, once the cooked food is deodorized.

settle down and move at will, and the brightness and warmth depend on it.

if it weren't for a little spark, it would still be alive today.

Note: Engels said that "labor creates man", which is a sincere theory. Teenagers read literature, Marxism-Leninism and get involved in history, and they are deeply impressed. After specializing in dietetics, he devoted himself to thinking about the previous history, and was enlightened by the evidence of archaeology and bionics. He gradually realized that the conclusion was not supported by in-depth research on professional history, which was rather vague. The objective function of fire and people's use of fire play a more important role in the ape-man transformation than previously known.

Yidi, the first Chinese brewer, was recorded in the pre-Qin classics such as Shiben, Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, Warring States Policy, etc. It is said that she was the earliest brewer in China and was a woman. The second century BC history book "Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals" says: "Yidi makes wine". In the book "Warring States Policy Wei Ce" written by Liu Xiang in the Han Dynasty, it was recorded that "in the past, the emperor's daughter made Yidi make wine beautiful, and when she entered Yu, Yu drank it and was sweet, saying," There must be people who died of their country with wine in the future. " Han Xu Shen said the same thing in Shuo Wen Jie Zi Jiu Tiao. It roughly means summer.