Guangzhou is located in the south subtropical zone, which has a typical monsoon marine climate. Because the back of the mountain faces the sea, the maritime climate is particularly remarkable, with warm and rainy, sufficient light and heat, small temperature difference, long summer and short frost period. Because of the same period of water and heat, it is very beneficial to the growth of crops, but the threat of natural disasters is also great, which has adverse effects on industrial and agricultural production.
Guangzhou is rich in light and heat resources, with an annual average sunshine duration of 1,875.1-1,959.9 hours, an annual total solar radiation of 15.3 kcal/cm2-19.8 kcal/cm2, and an annual average temperature of 2℃-22℃, with the average daily temperature above ℃. The frost-free period is 29 days in the north and 346 days in the south.
Guangzhou has abundant rainfall, with the annual precipitation of 1 689.3 mm ~ 1 876.5 mm, and the rainy season (April ~ September) accounts for about 85% of the whole year. Due to the influence of topography, there are more mountains than plains, and more north than south. At the same time, the rainy season coincides with strong light and high heat, forming a fairly high climatic biological potential (light and warm water potential), reaching 77,865 kg/ha to 97,95 kg/ha.
The alternation of winter and summer monsoon is a prominent feature of Guangzhou monsoon climate. The northerly wind in winter is dry and cold because the polar continental air mass extends southward. The southerly wind in summer is warm and humid due to the northward expansion of tropical ocean air mass. The summer monsoon is usually converted into winter monsoon in September, while the winter monsoon is converted into summer monsoon in April.
Guangzhou has been an important town in southern China since ancient times. After Qin Shihuang unified Lingnan, Chinese and Vietnamese cultures and customs quickly merged, and Guangzhou became the center of Lingnan culture. There are many rivers and branches in ancient Guangzhou, with abundant rainfall and pleasant climate. It is surrounded by hills in the west, east and north, with lush forests and grass, rich fruits in Lingnan and many birds and animals. The south faces the sea, and the beaches are vast, producing many salty and fresh water products and amphibians, which makes ancient Guangzhou one of the regions with the richest food resources in China. The formation of Cantonese cuisine has a long history, and a large number of Central Plains immigrants to Lingnan made Guangzhou's food culture deeply influenced by the Central Plains. As early as the Han and Wei Dynasties, Guangzhou's snake dishes, roasted geese and fish soup had been influenced. At the end of the Song Dynasty, Emperor Song fled south with his kitchen, and many court delicacies spread to Guangzhou folk. After the Opium War, missionaries and businessmen from Europe and the United States flooded in, and thousands of businessmen gathered in Guangzhou, which provided a wide market for the development of the catering industry. Guangdong cuisine draws on the strengths of Central Plains cuisine and western food, and then absorbs the advantages of local dishes in Guangdong. Just like Guangzhou's culture, it blends ancient and modern, connecting China and the West, forming a unique Guangzhou food culture different from other parts of China, and winning the reputation of "Eating in Guangzhou", which is famous at home and abroad. Numerous tourists come here to taste delicious food and feel this unique Lingnan food culture.
The most obvious feeling in Guangzhou is that there are many restaurants and restaurants. As long as you want to eat, you can eat rich and varied foods anytime and anywhere. Tea market is the most attractive feature of Guangzhou's diet. In the past, there was only "morning tea" in Guangzhou, but now it has developed into three tea markets: morning, noon and night. Almost all restaurants and restaurants set up tea markets. As soon as the guests were seated, the waiter immediately greeted them: "How many? What kind of tea to drink? " The tea market provides all kinds of salty, sweet and dry snacks, such as buffet, to suit your needs, and the price is very affordable, which can be consumed by the general public. Guangzhou tea market has become an important social occasion for friends to meet and exchange ideas, an important way for family members to get together and enjoy family life, an effective buffer for modern tense and fast-paced life and work, and an important way for some people, especially the elderly, to relax. One morning paper, one cup and two, sit for hours, eat, watch and chat, and care about family affairs, state affairs and what's going on in the world. Cantonese cuisine has a wide range of exotic ingredients, such as snakes as dragons, chickens as phoenixes, cats as tigers, mice as deer, flying in the sky, crawling on the ground and swimming in the water. Cantonese cuisine pays attention to freshness, smoothness, lightness in summer and autumn, and richness in winter and spring. It uses unique seasonings, and uses techniques such as boiling, roasting, soaking, frying, boiling and simmering to cook dishes with unique local flavor. The "raw seafood" of Cantonese cuisine has its own characteristics. Many restaurants and restaurants have not decorated their halls properly. First, the seafood pool at the entrance should be designed to display dozens of raw seafood to attract customers. Boiling and drinking herbal tea in Cantonese cuisine is a pioneering work for Guangzhou people to adapt to the geographical and climatic environment and adapt to local conditions. "What is boiling today?" It is a necessary topic for housewives to meet and chat, and there is a lot of knowledge in it. Cantonese restaurants have a variety of dishes. Every once in a while, restaurants will create new dishes with new raw materials and different combinations, so as to enhance their competitiveness, and new food trends are often set off in the market, which is the strong vitality of "eating in Guangzhou".
analyzing the natural landscape and human environment of "eating in Guangzhou" has rich cultural connotations. First, it is open. Guangzhou is located along the coast with convenient transportation, and has been an important port for economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries since ancient times. The open environment endows Guangzhou people with an open way of thinking, which is reflected in an "all-you-can-eat" open mind in diet. Hotels and restaurants with flavors from north and south are all over the streets of Guangzhou, and almost all major cuisines in China and flavors from all over the world can be found. The second is compatibility. An open culture must be compatible at the same time. Lingnan culture has the characteristics of eclecticism and accommodating all rivers, which has also been fully reflected in Guangzhou's diet. The third is pioneering. Guangzhou people dare to eat anything, and are good at exploring traditional local flavor foods and eating methods, constantly transplanting and transforming, and bringing forth the new. There is such an ancestral motto among Cantonese chefs: "There is tradition, but there is no authenticity." It embodies the courage and pioneering spirit of Guangzhou people who dare to be the first in the world. In addition, Guangzhou people do not waste their food, and they can't finish eating and "pack" it back, which reflects the virtue of Guangdong people who cherish food and are thrifty. Guangzhou cuisine has raised eating and cooking to the artistic level, which has become an important part of Lingnan culture, greatly enriched the connotation and characteristics of Lingnan culture, and had a far-reaching impact on the catering culture in China and the Asia-Pacific region.
"Eat in Guangzhou"
This sentence has become a well-known saying. Guangzhou is indeed famous for its delicious food.
Guangzhou is the center of Cantonese cuisine. Its Cantonese cuisine has a wide range of materials, exotic materials, clear, fresh, cool, smooth, tender and crisp taste, image-oriented, and a wide variety, which can combine the strengths of other cuisines; At the same time, Guangzhou, as an important metropolis in South China, is home to Sichuan cuisine, Shandong cuisine, Huaiyang cuisine, Western food lounge, Japanese cuisine and Korean cuisine. Guangzhou has a tendency to gather all the delicious food in one city.
Time-honored snack bars, with a hundred years' history, can't tell the changes in Guangzhou's diet, such as Guangzhou Restaurant, Nanyuan Restaurant, Banxi Restaurant, Lianxianglou, etc., whose reputation is well known to all women and children; Emerging restaurants and famous shops also come to prosper the catering market; Guangzhou snacks also occupy an important position-there are famous beef offal shops and juice shops on Beijing Road, tea restaurants serving snacks such as porridge, noodles and milk tea, and snacks and snacks in the old Guangzhou style are concentrated in Shangxiajiu Road, Xiguan Food Street and Zhongsanqi Road.
drinking tea
Guangzhou people like drinking tea, especially morning tea. When we meet in the morning, we often greet each other with "Have you had tea" (meaning "Have you had tea"), which shows our preference for drinking tea. Drinking tea is a life custom of Guangzhou people, and there is a folk proverb that "a pot of tea in the morning does not need a doctor". When people in Guangzhou talk about drinking tea, they actually refer to drinking tea in a teahouse (used to be called a teahouse). Not only drink morning tea, but also eat snacks (as breakfast); Drink not only morning tea, but also afternoon tea and evening tea; Not only fill your stomach, but also spread news, talk about your family and negotiate business.
Drinking tea in Guangzhou is actually a way of social communication, which is an important reason why the tea house industry in Guangzhou has been prosperous for a hundred years. Among the time-honored restaurants in Guangzhou, quite a few were teahouses and tea houses in those days.
Drinking herbal tea
Guangzhou has a subtropical monsoon maritime climate. At the same time, Guangzhou people love to eat, and sometimes they will get angry if they eat too many fried things, so drinking herbal tea has become a habit of Guangzhou people all the year round.
the so-called herbal tea refers to the Chinese herbal medicine which is cold in nature and can dispel internal heat, which is decocted as a drink to eliminate the summer heat in the human body or the sore throat caused by dryness in winter. Guangzhou's herbal tea has a long history, and there are many kinds of herbal tea, including Wang Laoji herbal tea, Sanhutang herbal tea, Huang Zhenlong herbal tea, Dashenggong herbal tea, Shiqi herbal tea, 24-flavor herbal tea, cucurbit tea, healthy herbal tea, jinyinju five-flower tea, bitter gourd dried herbal tea, etc. Even turtle ling cream soup, raw fish soup, carrot and bamboo cane water, etc., have become the traditional old-fashioned herbal tea that Guangzhou people love.
The most famous herbal tea, Wang Laoji, has always been admired by Guangzhou people. After the 198s, various herbal tea granules and soft-packed herbal tea came into being, such as Shennong herbal tea and Xiasangju tea, which have become a fashionable drink in many families in summer.
midnight snack
Midnight snack is a life custom of Guangzhou people, usually after 1 pm, hence the name "midnight snack" or "midnight snack". The way of midnight snack varies from person to person: some people cook their own food at night; Some alone or invite friends to eat in the night market of street food stalls or teahouse restaurants, so many "night food streets" and "night market" teahouses in various teahouse hotels have gradually formed in the city. The night market in a teahouse often has a music teahouse to attract diners.
eat sugar water
Guangzhou people like to drink sugar water all the year round. It is believed that the syrup made of some medicinal materials, beans, fruits and flour products with sugar has the effects of clearing away summer heat, promoting fluid production and benefiting the body.
There are many varieties of sugar water: beans include red bean paste, mung bean paste and plum bean paste; There are sesame paste, almond paste, peanut paste and phoenix milk paste; Medicinal materials include lily syrup, lotus seed syrup and Qingbuliang syrup; There are also stewed eggs, stewed papaya, sweet potato syrup, marong soup pills, egg milk, ginger milk, candied sago, soybean milk, tofu flower and so on.
After the sugar water is boiled, it is a hot drink; What is drunk after freezing is cold drink, which is often connected with the ice room (a cold drink store that supplies ice cream, soda, beer, etc., and the most famous one in Guangzhou is the Taiping Pavilion ice room on Beijing Road).
old fire soup
Guangzhou people have a long history of drinking old fire soup, which is closely related to the hot and humid climate in Guangzhou, and the types of Guangzhou soup will change with the seasons. For many years, making soup has become an indispensable part of Guangzhou people's lives, and together with Guangzhou herbal tea, it has become a symbol of Guangzhou food culture. As the saying goes, "It is better to eat without vegetables than to eat without soup." Some people even made up a saying that "those who can't eat eat meat, those who can eat soup". Serving soup first, then serving, has almost become an established pattern of banquets in Guangzhou. In this hot summer, after busy work every day, drinking a bowl of old fire soup with a pure heart and a fire, which is very delicious, really makes everyone feel comfortable.
stir-fry snails
when Guangzhou arrives, there are always many beach stalls with stoves and pots in the long beach area to stir-fry snails, which are now fried and sold. The smell is very attractive. Therefore, many people in Guangzhou like to invite three or five confidants after dinner, or take a walk along the long beach with their favorite people while enjoying the scenery on both sides of the Pearl River and chatting. When you are tired of walking, just sit down at a snail stall, stir-fry two or three dishes of snails, open two or three bottles of beer, blow the river breeze, taste the wine lightly, and have a heart-to-heart talk. It is a great pleasure in life.
fish the snail in oil before putting it in the pot, and then stir-fry the basil leaves, which will bring out the delicious taste of the snail. As a result, stir-fried snail with flavor has gradually become a special food that Guangzhou people like.
Clay Pot Rice
Clay Pot Rice is made in Guangdong. In the past, in the streets and alleys of Guangzhou, there were shops selling clay pot rice everywhere, and the fragrance would be fragrant in the alleys. Nowadays, there are fewer and fewer clay pot rice in street stalls, and restaurants have not only inherited this tradition, but also come up with many creative new combinations.
I believe many people have eaten clay pot rice, which is one of the most distinctive dishes in Guangzhou. Claypot rice is simple and convenient, and the materials and cooking methods used are very authentic. Although it is not heavy, it can be eaten with meat, and the rice is also fragrant with meat, which can really increase people's appetite. The most special thing is that the rice of claypot rice is burnt, crisp and fragrant, and tastes very good. Therefore, the folks in Guangdong like to eat clay pot rice, and they like its unique rice flavor brought by clay pot.
Baiyun pork knuckle
Baiyun pork knuckle is one of the famous historical dishes in Guangzhou. Almost every restaurant in Guangzhou has this dish. Its preparation method is that pig's hand (front foot) is washed and chopped, cooked first, then rinsed in flowing spring water for one day, picked up and boiled with white vinegar, white sugar and salt, cooled and soaked for several hours, and then eaten. The skin feels crisp when eating; Meat is fat but not greasy, with sour and sweet taste, which wakes up the stomach and is delicious, and it is quite distinctive. Because the spring water comes from Baiyun Mountain, it is named Baiyun Pig Hand.
Shahefen
Shahefen was originally produced in sha he. Shahe is located at the eastern foot of Baiyun Mountain, and there is Jiulong Spring on the mountain. The water for making Shahe powder in Shahe Hotel in this town is taken from this spring. Coupled with the unique milling technology, Shahe powder is crystal white, cool, tough, soft and smooth, and full of characteristics.
the production method of shahe powder is: selecting rice stored for about half a year, soaking it in Baiyun mountain spring water for 1-2 hours, and grinding it into slurry. Pour it into a bamboo nest basket and let it flow until it is smooth and even, then put it on a pot rack and steam it for about 2 minutes. Take out the steamed vermicelli, lightly apply a layer of peanut oil on the cooked vermicelli, remove the cooked vermicelli and stack it on a big hole bamboo basket. After the vermicelli is cooled, each sheet is folded three times and cut into vermicelli strips about 1 cm wide with a thin knife. The prepared vermicelli can be fried, soaked and mixed, with different flavors and is very delicious. In recent years, Shahe powder has been mixed with juice of various vegetables (carrots, spinach, etc.) to make Shahe powder with various colors and varieties. The taste is sweet, sour, bitter, spicy and salty, which is more colorful, pleasing to the eye and has a health care function.
Guangzhou time-honored snack
Chen Tianji, the owner of Chen Tianji, is from Chencun, Shunde. Fish skin is a snack in Shunde. The method of making fish skin here still insists on the ancestral method: it is said that only a thin piece of fish back fruit is used, and other parts are not needed. It is cooked in the cold river and eaten with it, and then blended with homemade soy sauce with chives, soy sauce, peanuts and sesame seeds. It tastes refreshing and delicious, and it has no fishy smell. It is very game. Generally, shad and mutton fish are used, shad is easy to taste, while mutton fish tastes crisp. Fish skin is rich in bone collagen, which is good for the skin, so it is highly sought after. Even Cai Lan, a famous gourmet, has come here.
Wu Zhanji's Porridge and Boat Porridge
The pork porridge "Shenggun" in Wu Zhanji is the Porridge, which has become a famous porridge that Guangzhou people like. It is well-made and delicious. The porridge base is carefully cooked with raw materials such as Yaozhu, yuba and pork bones, and it tastes particularly delicious. Its meatballs are made with 7% lean meat and 3% fat meat.
Pork balls, beef brisket and pork vermicelli sausage were originally used for the first porridge, which respectively refer to the number one, the number two and the flower exploration. Wu Zhanji's porridge expert cooks and porridge has its own unique method: first, use pork.