The capital and historical city of Poland.
Warsaw is the largest city in the country, the largest center of industry, trade, science and culture, and the largest transportation hub.
Located on the central plain of the country, on the west bank of the middle reaches of the Vistula River, with an area of ??516.9 square kilometers and a population of about 1.71 million, it is the main trade route for the trade between China and Europe and has been a very prosperous place since ancient times.
Warsaw is pronounced Warsaw in Polish. This name commemorates the brave spirit of a pair of lovers named Warsi and Warsaw who overcame many obstacles and finally became husband and wife.
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[Edit this paragraph] History of Warsaw
There were already residents in the tenth and early eleventh centuries, and the city It was first built in the middle of the thirteenth century and became the capital in 1596.
Ten Panoramic Views of Warsaw Since the early 8th century, it has been under foreign rule for more than 200 years. It has been the capital of Poland since 1919.
In 1920, the population exceeded one million, making it one of the largest cities in Europe at that time.
It was severely damaged in World War II and quickly rebuilt after the war.
There are many industrial sectors, of which the machinery manufacturing industry is the most famous, including electrical machinery, precision machinery, machine tools, aircraft, automobiles, agricultural machinery and other sectors.
Chemical (pharmaceuticals, plastics, chemical fiber), textile, food processing and other industries are also very developed.
It is also the largest printing industry center in the country.
It houses the Polish Academy of Sciences, many research institutions and societies, the largest comprehensive university in the country, and many other institutions of higher learning.
It is famous for its high degree of greening. The urban green area is 126 square kilometers and 67 large and small parks are distributed.
The northwest suburb of Zelazowa Wola is the hometown of musician Chopin.
When the plane arrives over Warsaw, looking down from the window, what comes into view is a beautiful and spectacular natural scenery.
The sparkling Vistula River wraps around Warsaw's waist like a jade belt. The majestic Old City of Warsaw stands on the river bank, and row upon row of European medieval-style red spire buildings.
On the iron bridge across the Vistula River, there is a lot of traffic and a bustling scene.
On both sides of the lively streets, there are towering houses, rows of green trees, and stretches of lawn stretching into the distance. The whole city is like a giant ship anchored in the green ocean.
History of Warsaw Warsaw, a world-famous city, was founded in the 13th century AD as a medieval town on the crossing of the Vistula River.
In Polish, Warsaw is Warsaw. Legend has it that a pair of male and female lovers named Warsi and Warsaw bravely resisted the king's obstruction and finally got married.
People admired the brave spirit of the young lovers so much that they named the city after them, which was later shortened to Warsaw.
In 1596, King Zygmunt Vasa III of Poland moved the royal family and the central government from Krakow to Warsaw, which was first designated as the capital.
Warsaw was severely damaged in a war from 1655 to 1657, and was occupied and ruled by foreigners many times in the following centuries.
In 1918 Warsaw once again became the capital of Poland.
During World War II, this beautiful ancient city of Warsaw was severely damaged and almost razed to the ground. More than 85% of the buildings in the city were destroyed, and those magnificent classical buildings were almost completely lost. Nothing remains, there are ruins and scorched earth everywhere.
Some Westerners once asserted: "Warsaw will not reappear in the world, and there is no hope for at least 100 years." But the facts give the opposite answer.
After Warsaw emerged from the war in 1945, the city was rebuilt as it was. Not only did it maintain the style of the medieval city, but it also built a new urban area that exceeded its pre-war scale and level.
During the reconstruction process, special attention was paid to the protection and restoration of historical monuments. Almost all of the more than 900 historic buildings in the city before the war were restored and renovated. Those former palaces , churches, castles, etc. are even more majestic and spectacular.
In the early days of post-war reconstruction, the Polish Communist Party formulated a plan to build Warsaw into a "modern city full of greenery."
The city’s original forests and green spaces have been protected and utilized as much as possible, and the surrounding forests have not been damaged by large-scale reconstruction.
In order to reduce industrial pollution in cities, factories avoid urban centers and are built far away from residences.
The houses in the city maintain light colors, making the whole city look fresh and elegant.
The beautiful Vistula River flows quietly through the city from south to north, with lush trees and green grass along both sides of the river.
All streets and residential areas are vigorously greened, and lawns are planted under the trees. There is basically no piece of free land in the city.
On windy days, there is no dust in Warsaw.
There are nearly 70 large and small parks in the urban area, with a green area of ??130 square kilometers. The average green area per person is 78 square meters, ranking among the best among capitals in the world.
Today's Warsaw still maintains the layout of the Old Town and the New Town.
Various historical monuments and places of interest are mostly concentrated in the old city, especially the magnificent palaces, huge churches, various arrow towers, castles, etc., which attract a large number of tourists from abroad every year.
The Old Town is located on the west bank of the Vistula River. The majestic red spire buildings of the Middle Ages are concentrated here, surrounded by 13th-century interior walls and 14th-century exterior walls made of red bricks. There is a towering ancient castle.
Famous ancient buildings include the former Royal Palace known as the "Polish National Cultural Monument", Warsaw's most beautiful and spectacular Baroque building Krasinski Palace, and the outstanding representative work of Polish classical architecture Lazienki Palace as well as Holy Cross Church, St. John's Church, Roman Church, Russian Church, etc.
Monuments, statues or statues stand everywhere in the city. The bronze statue of the mermaid on the bank of the Vistula River is the city emblem of Warsaw.
The apartment on Fritta Street where the internationally renowned physicist Marie Curie was born has been turned into a museum.
In the new city, modern high-rise buildings are connected one after another, and various shops, restaurants, hotels and guesthouses are everywhere.
A residential area with an elegant environment, reasonable layout, convenient living, lush trees, and wide planting of flowers and plants, just like a garden.
The transportation in the city extends in all directions and is orderly.
Universities, scientific research institutions, modern art museums, theaters, and stadiums are located in various districts, full of vitality.
Climb to the top of the 230-meter-high Palace of Culture and Science and look around, offering an unobstructed view of the internationally renowned tourist city of Warsaw.
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[Edit this paragraph] Warsaw Food
Poles drink soup first when they eat. The types of soup include beet soup (barszcz), egg yolk soup, etc. Cold flower soup (chtodnik), cabbage soup (kapusniak), barley soup (krupnik) and some barley soup also add eggs and sausage (zurek).
There are many types of main meals, common ones include: cabbage rolls (gotabki), filled with rice and meat; fried pork chops (kotlet schabowy); pizza and soft cheese (Nalesniki); and various Western dumplings (pierogi), including meat, potato, cheese or blueberry.
Poles love to drink, especially beer, vodka, and special spirits.
Zywiec is the most popular spirit (12%), and EB is also very good, a bit milder.
There is also EB Czerwone, which is darker in color and has a stronger taste.
There are various kinds of beers circulating on the market, the more famous ones are Okocim and Piast.
There are many types of vodka, ranging from wheat-based to potato-based. Wyborowa, Zytnia and Polonez are the more famous ones, all with specially designed bottles.
Kosher vodka is said to be the highest grade, but the origin of the name Kosher is unknown.
There is a herbal Zubrowka vodka, which is added with a handful of grass from the bison habitat, and is often mixed with apple juice to make a cocktail called z sokem jabtkowym.
Miod and Krupnik are the favorites of the upper class.
Some Polish grannies brew vodka privately, and I heard it is well received.
[Edit this paragraph] Warsaw climate
Warsaw’s climate is continental and humid, with an average temperature of 17°C, with a minimum of -5°C in January and a maximum of 30°C in July. .
The average rainfall is 680 mm per year, and July is the month with the highest rainfall.
[Edit this paragraph] Warsaw Economy
Warsaw is the political, economic and cultural center of Poland. Its industries include steel, machinery manufacturing (precision machinery, lathes, etc.), automobiles, Electrical machinery, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, textiles, etc., mainly electronics, electromechanical, and food.
It is also the largest printing industry center in the country.
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[Edit this paragraph] Warsaw Culture
There is also the Polish Academy of Sciences, Opera House, Concert Hall and a theater that can accommodate nearly 10 people in Warsaw. The "10th Anniversary Stadium" with 10,000 spectators.
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[Edit this paragraph] Traffic conditions
Warsaw is the national transportation center and one of the hubs of Poland and European road transportation networks. Home of Poland's main airport.
Warsaw Metro Map
Warsaw currently has rail transit including: suburban trains, subways, light rails, city buses, and suburban buses.
Polish state-run trains are the best option for long-distance travel and are cheaper than taking the bus.
The train signboard will list the station names in English alphabetical order, as well as the train time of the station: the departure time (Odjazdy) is marked in yellow, and the arrival time (Przyjazdy) is marked in white.
The shuttle bus (Ekspresowy) is marked in red, and "IC" or "Ex" is written before the train schedule.
Direct trains (Pospiezny) are usually marked in red and are the fastest; local trains (Osobowy) are marked in black and are slower but about 35% cheaper than direct trains.
All shuttle buses and direct trains must reserve seats in advance. Usually there will be a frame with the word R written on the signboard. You can ask the conductor for miejscowka, which means reservation.
You'd better buy your ticket before getting on the bus to avoid getting into trouble.
There are two types of tickets: regular and preferential tickets: students and the elderly can enjoy half-price discounts, but foreigners are not allowed to buy preferential tickets.
Remember, foreigners are not allowed to use preferential tickets for domestic buses or trains in Poland. If you use preferential tickets without a Polish ID card, you will be fined a heavy fine if you are caught.
Sunday tickets are 20% off, and all tickets are valid for that day. You may have to wait in a long queue to buy tickets. It is best to buy tickets in advance at the station or a special dealership.
The train station does not announce whether the train is at the station, and sometimes the signs are not obvious.
For short journeys, state buses are cheaper and faster.
Like trains, there are direct trains (Pospiezny, red) and local trains (Osobowy, black).
If you want to buy tickets at the bus station, there are usually many people; some require you to buy tickets from the driver.
In the countryside, there is a place that looks like an upside-down yellow Mercedes-Benz logo, which is the bus stop; that is the logo of the Polish State Transport (PKS).
However, if you wave your hand, the bus will usually stop.
Self-guided travelers will have a big problem when boarding the bus. There is no place to put your big backpack.
Hitchhiking, while legal, can be dangerous.
Wave to stop the car.
Generally, hitchhiking is not a recommended mode of transportation for foreigners.
[Edit this paragraph] World Heritage
The reconstruction of the ancient city of Warsaw begins before World War II.
At that time, Hitler clamored: Poland would be wiped out in a short period of time.
The Poles were very angry, but the Polish rulers at the time were cowardly and incompetent.
Out of love for the architectural cultural heritage of the motherland, teachers and students from the Department of Architecture of the University of Warsaw made surveying and mapping records of the main streets and important buildings in the ancient city of Warsaw.
As soon as the war broke out, they hid all these drawings and materials in caves. Although the houses and streets were destroyed, their image and data were preserved.
When rebuilding the city of Warsaw after the war, the Soviets advocated building a new, socialist model of Warsaw.
Many Warsaw residents gathered in front of the city hall to discuss. Teachers and students of the University of Warsaw took out the pre-war drawings of the old city for exhibition. People gradually formed a unanimous opinion that Warsaw should be restored. The original style of the ancient city finally forced *** to change his original decision.
When the news of the restoration of the ancient city of Warsaw spread, 300,000 Poles who had been wandering abroad returned at once.
The Polish Communist Party complied with the people's demands and organized them to join in the labor of rebuilding Warsaw. The entire Poland set off a patriotic upsurge, and the people's homes were rebuilt. This was the famous post-war "Warsaw Speed" .
The Old City of Warsaw was later included in the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1980 as a special case.
World heritage is generally something that refuses to be rebuilt, but the people of Warsaw spontaneously rose up to protect their national culture and historical traditions, setting an example for all ancient cities in the world, and also playing an important role in the protection of ancient cities in Europe. Influence.
[Edit this paragraph] Urban Greening
The city covers an area of ??446 square kilometers and has 65 large and small parks. The streets are green and dotted with green lawns and small flower beds. The entire city is nestled in Among the greenery and flowers.
Urban greening map of Warsaw
The city has more than 12,000 square meters of green space, accounting for about 27% of the total city area. People occupy about 77.7 square meters. Ranking first among all major cities in the world.
Another outstanding feature of Warsaw's greening is the combination of urban greening and fruit and vegetable gardens. There are currently 2,700 hectares of fruit and vegetable gardens, accounting for 6% of the city's total area.
There are sheds built in the fruit and vegetable garden, which are rented out to urban residents.
During holidays, employees can bring their families here to manage fruit trees, grow vegetables and flowers, and live a "pastoral" life.
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[Edit this paragraph] Tourist Attractions
Castle Square (Plac Zamkowy), in the center of the square stands the column of Zygmunt III Vaza The monument was built by W?adys?aw IV in 1644 to commemorate the move of his father, Zygmund III Wazza, to Warsaw.
The column is 30 meters high and the figure is 2.75 meters high.
Zegmunt III, standing on the column, wears a crown and a battle robe, holding a sword and a cross.
According to legend, the directions of the king's sword represent respectively: pointing upward symbolizes victory and luck, while pointing downward indicates misfortune and decline.
Palace Castle (Zamek Krolewski), the castle was built at the end of the 13th century and was originally a wooden structure.
In 1569-1572, it was converted into a royal palace and the seat of parliament.
Expanded from 1598 to 1619.
The palace is located in the ancient castle and is a pentagonal building.
The palace was repeatedly damaged by invaders and continued to expand during the restoration process.
In 1939, the palace was bombed again by German planes and partially burned down.
In 1971, the palace was rebuilt with public funds raised.
The restored palace was opened to the public in 1984.
Old Town Market Square (Rynek Starego Miasta) is the central square of the Old Town of Warsaw.
Before the 18th century, it was the center of the city and held markets.
Today the square is surrounded by restaurants, gift shops, and cafes.
Plac Pilsudskiego, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was built in 1925 and was destroyed during World War II.
Today the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is built on the ruins.
The marble is engraved with the locations and dates where the Polish army fought, and the tomb contains soil collected from the battlefields where Polish martyrs died.
Saxony Park is named after the old palace in the park, the Saxony Palace, which was destroyed in World War II as the palace of the Polish General Staff.
The National Museum (Narodowe) was built from 1926 to 1938. The museum includes the Ancient Art Gallery, the Foreign Art Gallery, the Polish Art Gallery and Polish local painting exhibitions.
The museum also has many branches.
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Holy Cross Church (Sw.Krzyza), built from 1679 to 1696, where protests were held during World War II During the Nazi uprising, the church was destroyed in the war and rebuilt after the war.
Buried in the church are the hearts of Polish pianist Chopin and the heart of Nobel Prize-winning novelist Lemont.
The Palace of Culture and Science (Palac Kultury i Nauki), next to the Central Railway Station, is one of the tallest buildings in the center of Warsaw.
Built between 1952 and 1955, it was built by the Soviets and donated to Poland. It is 230 meters high and has 38 floors.
There is a viewing platform on the roof overlooking the city.
Park Lazienkowski, purchased by the King of Poland in 1766, was used to build a garden and summer palace.
The park includes the Water Palace (Palac na Wodzie) built on an island in the lake, the Palac Myslewicki Palace (Palac Myslewicki), the state guesthouse, and the Belweder Palace (Belweder Palace), the presidential residence. ), an Italian villa-style white house (Bialy Dom), an Italian-style amphitheater, an ancient theater from the 18th century.
There is also a bronze statue of the famous Polish pianist Chopin in the park, built in 1926.
Wilanow Palace (Wilanow), 10 kilometers south of the city, was the former summer residence of the King of Poland. It is a Baroque palace building known as the "Little Versailles Palace".
The palace is surrounded by 43 hectares of large gardens, including orange gardens, English gardens and Chinese gardens.
Mermaid statue (Syrena), a bronze statue that is the symbol of Warsaw, 2.5 meters high.
It is the legendary mermaid, the Warsaw mermaid who defeated the water monster in the Vistula River.
Palac Nieborow is more than 80 kilometers southwest of Warsaw.
Classic Italian Baroque manor-style architecture.
It was designed and built by Dutch architects in the 17th century. In the 18th century, a beautiful park was expanded and built.
Once the noble manor of Bishop Radejowski, it is now a branch of the National Museum in Warsaw.
This was once a gathering place for nobles.
Many precious works of art are displayed in the palace.
Next to the palace are stables and two citrus orchards.
There are "stone women" and pillars of shame from the early Romantic period in the park.
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[Edit this paragraph] Sister Cities
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[Edit this paragraph] Wedding customs
Poles take weddings very seriously.
Both men and women must first register at the marriage registration office and invite relatives and friends to attend the registration ceremony.
The bridegroom and the bride must select a man and a woman from among their relatives or closest friends as their witnesses.
Those attending the marriage registration ceremony must wear formal attire.
Polish weddings begin with the playing of a wedding march.
As soon as the wedding march played, the bride and groom walked into the hall led by the officiant in black robes.
The bride and groom stand opposite the officiant, the witnesses and their parents sit on chairs in the front row of the hall, and the rest of the people follow.
The officiant asks and listens to the bride and groom according to the rules, and then the bride and groom slowly walk out of the hall to the wedding march. The whole ceremony does not last long, usually only ten minutes, but it is very solemn and solemn.
After the bride and groom walked out of the hall, other people participating in the ceremony lined up in order to give flowers to the bride and congratulate them.
Religious people must go to a church to hold a religious wedding after registering their marriage.
The bride wears a white gauze skirt and the groom wears a black suit.
After the religious wedding ceremony, when the bride and the couple walk out of the church, people throw the coins prepared in advance on the ground, and the bride and groom pick them up one by one. Whoever picks up more will foretell who will get married. will be the richest.
When choosing a wedding date, generally avoid rainy days.
According to folklore, if it rains on the wedding day, it will herald an "unsatisfactory marriage", life after marriage will be "full of dark clouds", and even God will be sad and shed tears.
[Edit this paragraph] Introduction to education
There are 14 colleges and universities in the city. The University of Warsaw, established in the 19th century, is famous for its rich collection of books. The campus also has a botanical garden and Meteorological Observatory