Chinese name: Insertivora Latin scientific name: Insertivora, alias: Insertivora (scientific name: Insertivora) Field: Animal kingdom: Chordata: Vertebrates: Mammals: Euthera:Insertivora Introduction, appellation, natural history, classification, origin, naming, difficult to define, large order of caecum (insectivores). Insectivora has been abandoned, but it has been inserted. Mammals call these three orders anthropoids, and their members can be called apes and insect-eaters. Insectivores in natural history account for almost 10% of all mammal species, and their bodies are mostly like mice or mice. However, an Etruscan cat weighing less than 2.5 grams (0.09 ounces) may be the smallest mammal. Other animals that feed on insects, such as naked spiny salamanders and spiny salamanders, are about the size of rabbits. Most insect-eating animals can live underground or in caves, some are amphibians, and a few live in trees or undergrowth vegetation. Eat almost all kinds of invertebrates or small vertebrates. The olfactory lobe of its brain is very developed, so its sense of smell is extremely keen. However, compared with most other placental mammals, its brain hemisphere is small, which is characterized by low intelligence and operational ability. Most of them have long and flexible snouts and sensitive hairs on them, which are used to detect fallen leaves, soil, mud or water, and locate prey through touch and smell. You can press the prey with your forefoot, but you usually bite it with your teeth. You can hunt it with your mouth and long nose until you swallow it. Its eyesight is poor, its eyes are small and degenerate, and the eyes of Cuban shrews, shrews, moles and golden moles are covered with skin. Although hedgehogs, hedgehogs, hedgehogs and Madagascar hedgehogs have big eyes, they are still smaller than those of other living mammals. Have a keen hearing. It can hiss and howl, or sound in other bands, including ultrasonic waves; Some can use special spines to make sounds, while others can use echolocation. Since Carolus Linnaeus founded modern taxonomy, the classification of insect-eating animals has been controversial. In 1758, he classified hedgehogs, shrews and moles as wild animals along with opossums, armadillos and pigs, because they all have long kisses. 1795, hedgehog, shrew and mole separated. Because they all walk on the sole of their feet, they are classified as animals of the same level as bears and other carnivores. In 18 1 1 year, hedgehogs, shrews and moles were classified as facilities suborder, but in 18 16 year, they were recognized as "insectivores", and in/kloc, In 1855, tree shrews and elephant shrews were recorded for the first time and classified into insectivora. In 1866, the order is divided into the suborder Menotyphla including tree shrews and elephant shrews and the order Lipotyphla including hedgehogs and shrews. It was later revised. Because of the extensive anatomical characteristics of this group, experts only think that insect-eating animals are placental mammals and cannot be classified into any defined order. Therefore, insectivora has basically become an "all-encompassing" taxonomic group, including all mammals that cannot be classified. name
Insecta name 1956. At present, most mammal scientists have replaced insectivora with cecales, which is an informal statement. However, some people still like to use insect-eating animals, which is also found in popular publications and the works of some professional editors. Difficulties in definition However, there are still difficulties in defining the purpose of cecum, and its nearest relatives have not yet been determined. There are obviously only two common features of cecum, that is, there is no cecum, the digestive tract (large intestine and small intestine) is relatively short, and there is no enlargement or shape change at the end. In addition, the cartilage connection between pelvis and pubis is weakened. Most maxillae are very long and become part of the orbit. In 1997, M.C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell made the most authoritative classification of mammals, and put the cecum above the target level (large order) in taxonomy, and divided it into three orders: Echinoderma (Golden Mole Order), Herpes Suborder (Hedgehog Order, Hairy Hedgehog Order and Hairy Shrew Order). A brief introduction of cecal order (insectivorous animals) The following list is mainly based on the classification of McKenna and Bell (1997), and some changes have been made. There are about 3 orders, 64 genera and 450 species. The extinct fossils of 17 1 genus and 13 family have been identified. The earliest cecal fossils came from shrews, which appeared in North America and Asia in the late Cretaceous. 7 genera 18 species of African scarabaeidae. The Madagascar hedgehog (Tenricidae) is actually a member of this group. There are 23 species of herpetidae 1 family. The four fossil families include 15 genera and 9 unidentified families (dating back to the early Paleocene). The evolutionary relationship between this group and other caecum and other mammals has not yet been determined. Moles are sometimes attracted to this group. Hedgehog (Erinaceae, Erinaceae, Erinaceae and Erinaceae), 7 genera and 23 species. Twenty-two fossil genera occur in Paleocene North America, Eocene Europe and Asia, and Miocene Africa. There are 4 genera 15 species of Hedgehog subfamily, which are distributed in Europe, Asia and Africa. There are 3 genera and 8 species of Eriocheir subfamily, which are distributed in Southeast Asia. There are more than 400 species of shrews in 4 families. Nine fossil families include 30 genera, some of which can be traced back to the late Cretaceous. There are 23 genera of Sorbaceae, 34 1 species or more, and 60 fossil genera have been confirmed to be found in North America in the middle Eocene, Europe in the late Eocene, Asia in the early Oligocene, Africa in the middle Miocene and northeast South America in the Pleistocene. There are 9 genera and 208 species of crocinae. Haloxylonae has 1 1 genus, 1 16 species or more. There are 3 genera 17 species of zokor subfamily. Moleidae (true mole), 17 genus, 42 species. Thirty fossil genera were identified as Middle Eocene in Europe, Oligocene in Asia and Mediterranean and Late Oligocene in North America. There are 36 species belonging to 14 genus. There are 4 species of uromyinae 1 genus. There are 2 genera and 2 species in this subfamily. (3) Epinephelus, belonging to 29 species of 10 genus. Three fossil genera were identified as Early Miocene in Africa and Pleistocene in Madagascar. There are 3 genera and 2 1 species of rice gall midge. Madagascar has 4 genera and 4 species of Echinae. There are 2 genera and 3 species of Potamogeton subfamily. There are 1 species of hedgehogs in rice fields. (4) Solenidae (Cuba), 1 genus, 2 species. Moles (Moleidae) are sometimes painted the color of Eriocheir sinensis hedgehog.