Beijing Chinese National Park belongs to the famous scenic spot of Beijing's cultural landscape.
China National Park is located in the southwest of Beijing Asian Games Village, on the north central axis of Long Mai, and adjacent to China National Olympic Sports Center, covering an area of about 4 hectares. It is a large-scale national cultural base integrating traditional architecture, folk customs, song and dance performances, craft production and national cuisine of ethnic minorities in China.
The Chinese National Museum (Chinese National Garden) is a large-scale anthropological museum that restores, collects, displays and studies the culture, cultural relics and social life of 56 ethnic groups in China. Its completion and opening up have filled the gap that there is no large anthropological museum in China, marking the great development of cultural and cultural undertakings and spiritual civilization construction in the capital. It indicates that the capital has the largest national cultural protection, exhibition and exchange base in China. It marks that the capital has a brand-new window to fully display the national policies, national unity and national progress of the party and the state.
The National Museum of China (National Park of China) in Beijing is the cultural activity center of the National Olympic Park, covering an area of 5 hectares. In the park, 56 branches and scenic spots of national museums in China are planned to be built. At present, more than 4 branches and scenic spots of national museums, more than 1 national landscapes, more than 2 national buildings and 2 main exhibition halls have been built. The rest will be completed before 28. The construction of the Chinese National Museum (Chinese National Park) in Beijing has been included in the key project of the Eighth Five-Year Plan and the 5th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. From beginning to end, it has been directly led and supported by the Beijing Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government, enthusiastically helped and participated by ethnic local governments at all levels and the masses, and fully funded by overseas patriotic overseas Chinese.
Beijing Chinese National Park is located on the west side of Beizhongzhong Road, divided into two parks, north and south, covering an area of 4, square meters. There are Tibetan, Qiang, Dai, Jingpo, Hani, Wa, Miao, Buyi, Dong, Yi, Daur, Hezhe, Oroqen, North Korea, Gaoshan, Bai, Jinuo, Lisu, Pumi, Nu, Dulong, De 'ang. There are nearly 1 national landscapes such as Rongwang, Shenzhu, Waterfalls, Karst caves, plank roads, zip lines, knife poles, Karez wells, etc. There are 2 hanging houses, boat houses, earth palm houses, watchtowers, wooden houses, slate houses, caves and other various forms of national buildings built in a ratio of 1: 1; A large number of ethnic cultural relics and articles are displayed in these buildings to truly reproduce the original life of all ethnic groups. In the garden, the lake is dense, the bridges are arched, the flowers are red and the grass is green, the bamboo shadows are swaying, the sheep bleat and the chickens are singing, and the rice and wheat are fragrant. Hundreds of young people from ethnic areas guide and explain for tourists in the park, and show their ethnic customs. The ethnic festivals held in the park are lively and joyful, full of ethnic characteristics and interests, and have strong participation, which is welcomed by tourists. Dai Water-splashing Festival, Jingpo Munao Zongge Festival, Lisu Knife and Pole Festival, Mongolian Nadam Festival and Uygur Harvest Festival have become the most attractive activities in the garden.
Naxi architecture
The Naxi scenic area covers an area of 4,32 square meters, with a building area of 2,6 square meters. The building was restored to a typical Naxi town residence in Old Town of Lijiang, Yunnan Province, with a "brick structure" of 1∶1. The planning layout is in the form of "Sifang Street" in Old Town of Lijiang, with a total length of 9 meters, the widest point of 5 meters and the narrowest point of 3 meters. It is characterized by the main street near the river and the alleys near the canal. Old Town of Lijiang is one of the important stops of the "Ancient Southwest Silk Road in China", and the caravan merchants have made it a trade center. Sifang Street is the central square of Old Town of Lijiang. Sifang Street is surrounded by shops around it, and all streets lead to it. Kegong Building is the central building of Sifang Street, and the commanding heights centered on it play a role in controlling the space of the gathered streets. The spring water of Yulong Snow Mountain flows through the street and the town, through the wall and the house, "every spring water, every household hangs on the yang"; Roads are arranged with the curvature of canals, houses are combined according to the height of terrain, and inadvertently placed springboard and numerous stone bridges and wooden bridges are interspersed, which makes the architectural space changeable and natural and harmonious. It has become the most distinctive folk house in China-highland water town.
Bai architecture
Bai scenic area covers an area of 7,168 square meters, with a building area of 2,9 square meters. Building restoration is based on the typical building of Bai nationality in "Xizhou" and "Zhoucheng" in Dali, Yunnan Province, with a brick and stone structure of 1∶1. The planning form is urban "street". By the city gate, main temple, stage, bazaar, three rooms, one wall, four-in-five patio, tea house, butterfly spring and other buildings, the cultural and economic state of Bai people with relatively developed agriculture, handicrafts and commerce is formed.
most of the Bai folk houses are closed buildings with internal courtyards, and their typical layouts are "three rooms, one illuminated wall" and "four in five patios". * * * The same feature is that the building space is divided into three parts. The large space of the large patio is surrounded by main living and activity areas such as halls and bedrooms, while the leakage profile is arranged with auxiliary rooms such as hall, kitchen and animal pen, which are reasonable in layout, clear in primary and secondary, and complement each other accordingly. The treatment of exterior decoration of folk houses is the characteristic of the integration of Bai folk houses with culture and art.
The exterior of the residential buildings is dominated by white ash and ink paintings, and decorated with colorful paintings such as stone blue and ochre, with elegant colors and smooth lines. Wooden frame, green tile roof and green slate eaves are in harmony with the natural space color in plateau area, which makes the building, people and environment integrate into one. Showing the wall is the best way to deal with and utilize the courtyard space. The illuminated wall is composed of two symmetrical drops of water, and the large-area white powder wall is used to reflect light, which not only increases the lighting of the indoor rooms around it, prolongs the sunshine time in the plateau area, but also makes the narrow patio suddenly clear.
Qiang architecture
The Qiang scenic area covers an area of 3,575 square meters, with a building area of 936 square meters. The building restoration is based on typical Qiang rural buildings in Aba, Beichuan and the upper reaches of Minjiang River in Sichuan Province. Stone structure, with large area of rubble masonry, 1: 1. The planning form is Gaoshanzhaizi, which is composed of four-room families.
the Qiang people's residential buildings make full use of the dangerous terrain, build stone towers with local materials, live in compact communities to defend against the enemy, and are defensive buildings, so the windows are small, often several families are contiguous, and the buildings are seamless, just like those growing on a rocky mountain. What is restored here is the Qiang people's residence in Wenchuan, Sichuan-a stone building of Qiang people connected by four households, which is square and flat-topped. Each household has three floors, the bottom of which houses livestock and piles up sundries; Middle-level people live, with bedrooms, pots (that is, fire ponds) and shrines; The upper floor stores grain, and the roof platform can dry grain and clothes, and can be used for the elderly to rest and children to play. The roof is built with Grand White Rock, where people pray and worship God. The indoor space of Qiang folk houses is very "modern", and each household and another adjacent household have their own patio and activity space with different levels of use. They make full use of the vertical height difference of the slope, which not only solves the problem of the height of the stone structure building, but also meets the defensive needs, so that the height, middle and low of the four households can be connected and communicated. Once the enemy is invaded, each space can be closed independently. Usually, these flexible free spaces have become living places for exchanging feelings between households.
Dong architecture
The Dong scenic area covers an area of 4, square meters, with a building area of 571 square meters. The restoration of the building is based on the typical Dong architecture in Congjiang and Liping areas of Guizhou Province, with a ratio of 1: 1. The planning form is Zhai, which consists of Drum Tower, Wind and Rain Bridge, Zhaimen, Stage, Dwellings, Waterwheel, Mill House, Barn and Paddy Field. Dong architecture takes Chinese fir as raw material, and the form of folk houses is dry column type. There are many ponds in Dong village, and the lower part of most residential buildings is hung in the ponds. The overall appearance of the Dong Drum Tower, the structure of the wooden drum at the bottom hall and the top, and the forms of plastic animals at the eaves all have the same functional needs and models; Built in the center of the stockade, it is majestic and tall, and it can be seen towering into the sky from dozens of miles away. Every time there is an important event, the wooden drum at the top of it will ring, and the villagers will gather in the "Parliament Hall" of the Drum Tower, and listen to the "Drum Tower Meeting" presided over by the old stockade to formulate rural rules and regulations, which will take effect by drumming.
oroqen architecture
oroqen scenic area covers an area of 1, square meters, with a building area of 68 square meters. According to the typical houses of Oroqen nationality in Daxing 'anling area of Heilongjiang Province, the building restoration is 1∶1. The planning form is village. Oroqen folk houses are also called "Immortal Column", commonly known as "Cuozi". The Oroqen people have been engaged in hunting and gathering for a long time, and their residential buildings are simple and practical, which is easy to dismantle and build. "Immortal Column" takes a trunk as the center, and dozens of birch or willow poles are arranged around in a circle. The lower ends are placed in the soil, and the upper ends are inclined to the center, intersecting and fixed on the central trunk to form a conical frame, and birch bark or hides are covered outside. Tie it firmly with a thong. Only men are allowed to sit and lie on the front of the room, with seats for the elderly on the right and seats for the younger generation on the left. There is a bonfire burning in the center of the "Immortal Column" all day long to cook and keep warm.
Dai architecture
The Dai scenic area covers an area of 1, square meters, with a building area of 1,347 square meters. The restoration of the building is based on the typical Dai architecture in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, with a ratio of 1: 1. The planning form is "village". Dai village consists of Zhaimen, folk houses, Manfeilong Tower, Dai Temple, Zhaixin, water splashing pavilion, water well, peacock pavilion and bridge, etc. to form a complete living community. Dai people believe in Hinayana Buddhism, and every stockade must have temples and pagodas. At the same time, advocating the sanctity of "water", wells and rivers beside the village have become indispensable conditions in the community. Dai people's houses are bamboo and wood structures, which are elevated by dozens of wooden columns into dry-diaphragm buildings. The upper floor is occupied by people, and the lower floor is cool and spacious, which can house livestock and poultry and put production and living utensils. The wall is made of wood or bamboo, and the roof is usually a xieshan grass roof or a tile roof (adobe tile), and there is also a waist eaves on the lower floor; It has formed a unique national form and local characteristics with high overhead, long overhangs, steep roofs and inclined wallboard, which has greatly adapted to the local hot and humid climate conditions. Dai people's wells are unique in shape, which is characterized by well covers. It symbolizes auspiciousness with the shape of elephant, peacock or tower; The inner and outer walls are inlaid with mirrors, with painted patterns on them, and a water intake is left on the side, which not only makes the well water clean, but also embodies the Dai people's spirit of advocating water.
while visiting ethnic villages, tourists can also enjoy and participate in performances such as songs and dances, festivals, production, competitions and skills of various ethnic groups. Every summer evening, the National Museum is a highlight of Beijing, which brings visitors unique artistic enjoyment.