In the Han Dynasty, in order to avoid the taboo of Emperor Liu Qi, it was renamed Kaifeng, which is still in use today.
Henan Province was founded in the Yuan Dynasty. Kaifeng has been the capital of Henan Province for 700 years from the Yuan Dynasty to the 28th year of the Yuan Dynasty (129 1) to 1954.
After the founding of New China, in order to promote the development of the Central Plains, the provincial capital was moved from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou with more convenient transportation.
Kaifeng city, with a history of more than 2000 years, is the only special case in the history of world urban development, and its ruins and central axis remain unchanged for thousands of years.
Because it is located in a battleground for military strategists, after thousands of years of natural and man-made disasters and the Yellow River burst its banks, Kaifeng City has become a ruin again and again. However, the stubborn Kaifeng people have rebuilt their homes on the ruins again and again. Up to now, there are still six cities under Kaifeng, and the "city on the city" has become a great miracle in the history of world archaeology and urban construction!
Kaifeng culture is the representative and epitome of Central Plains culture and even Chinese culture. In this city, just pick up an old brick and a handful of loess and sand, and maybe there will be a touching historical story. In this city, history is buried in thick soil, stories are hidden in clear water, legends are hung on branches, and the air contains songs.
When you walk into Kaifeng step by step, it seems that you dream back to the Millennium in one day, and the past is picturesque and refreshing. There are many beautiful scenery everywhere, and there are too many things to see.
Some people say that Kaifeng is a city floating on the surface of the water and is known as the "Northern Water City". Kaifeng prospered because of water, but also declined because of water.
Ancient Kaifeng was full of rivers and lakes. In the Song Dynasty, it was the national water transport center, with Bianhe River, Caihe River, Jinshui River and Zhangwu River passing through the city. The beautifully decorated boats on the river echo the exquisite ancient buildings on both sides of the river, and the boats on the water road are connected with each other, which is very rich in the charm of Jiangnan water town.
After the change of dynasties and times, Kaifeng today is not as prosperous as the capital of song dynasty in Tokyo, but the city is also dotted with lakes, accounting for a quarter of the ancient city.
Contemporary Kaifeng people are taking the water system project of "four rivers connecting five lakes" as the highlight and boutique of Kaifeng tourism, and connecting Longting Lake, Baogong Lake, Northwest Lake, Sunshine Lake and Tieta Lake with a 100-meter-wide river, and connecting five pearls together like necklaces.
There are hundreds of bridges in Song Dynasty style on the river. Rowing on the river will enable you to walk around the city for a week. The waterscape in the city is opposite to Liuchi and Heichi in the north of the city. It is connected with Jinming Pool in the west of the city and Bianxi Lake Scenic Area in 5000 mu of water. The sound of oars, small bridges and flowing water, a Kaifeng city full of northern water rhyme, is the water city that people yearn for.
When it comes to Kaifeng's delicious food, we have to mention Kaifeng's "night market" which originated in the Northern Song Dynasty.
At that time, people all over China and even the whole world were "working at sunrise and resting at sunset". After the sun went down, the whole world fell into darkness. Only Kaifeng, as the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty at that time, was brightly lit and cried endlessly.
According to the Tokyo Dream Record, "the night market didn't reopen until midnight. If you want to make trouble, you will know! " "Although it is snowy and rainy in winter, there is also a night market", which is a true portrayal of the night market in Tokyo at that time.
At that time, Tokyo had become an unprecedented "city that never sleeps" in the world, and there were so many night markets that "there were countless shops and night markets".
Among them, the State Bridge Night Market crosses Imperial Road, facing the river, and is located at the intersection of land and water in Tokyo. Coupled with the spectacular State Bridge and the towering Yue Ming Tower, the scenery here is picturesque, tourists are woven, and there are more poems and songs of literati chanting wine.
Su Dongpo, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, once wrote a poem, "Golden Dragon looks at the night market, with bright lights ... I wonder if the capital is noisy, so it is called the hometown of rivers and lakes."
At present, there are 17 night markets in Kaifeng, including Gulou Night Market, Xisiqiao Night Market, Wuyi Night Market and Nanmen Night Market, all of which are officially approved by Kaifeng Municipal Government.
"The stars in the sky, the lights overhead, the stoves around us, the voices around us, even the benches are fat, even the figures are fragrant, even the wind is full, even the stars are greedy-eating is the atmosphere of Kaifeng night market!
However, going to Kaifeng night market not only has an atmosphere, but also has many authentic food snacks. There are over 240 kinds of snacks in Kaifeng. There are over 70 kinds of famous foods in China, and over 0/00 kinds in Henan. Rich, unique and long established the position of Kaifeng night market.
Kaifeng snacks have been famous for thousands of years. Kaifeng snacks originated in Xia and Shang Dynasties and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty. Kaifeng snacks enjoy a high status in the history of China food culture.
Kaifeng snacks have a great influence on people's survival and development. Today, Kaifeng snacks and Kaifeng night market have become Kaifeng's "business cards". Let me introduce the most representative snacks in Kaifeng:
Tang Bao is one of the oldest and most representative snacks in Kaifeng. According to "Tokyo Dream", at that time, "Plum Blossom Steamed Bun in Wanglou Mountain Cave" was called "the first in Beijing", and the steamed stuffed bun with soup was developed from this.
There are countless soup dumpling shops in Kaifeng, especially the one on the first floor. Steamed buns are packed in cages.
Although the delicious steamed stuffed bun is not on the pleats, don't forget to appreciate its shape before eating: "Lift it like a lantern and put down a thin ball. The skin is like a chrysanthemum core and the filling is like a rose petal. " Picking up a steamed stuffed bun, you can see the soup rippling in the translucent skin. The soup is delicious, the stuffing is fragrant and the aftertaste is endless.
Peanut cake is a special snack in Kaifeng, which is suitable for taking away. Peanut is a common thing, but the sandy land in Kaifeng is very suitable for growing peanuts and watermelons. Kaifeng peanuts are famous for their large particles, thin skin and delicious taste.
The finished peanut cake is a piece, and the color is the yellow color of fried peanuts. It tastes crisp, loose, fragrant and sweet, does not stick to teeth, and melts in the mouth. In Kaifeng, peanut cakes can be seen almost everywhere, but the most popular ones are those in Simen and Mujiaqiao.
Mutton steamed stuffed bun, strange name, right? It's a thin white flour cake with chopped mutton in the middle. The cake is hot and the minced meat is hot. Be careful to burn your mouth when eating.
Waxy bread and burnt minced meat are very chewy. Cut the crispy baked white flour cake, and add the fragrant minced mutton. The entrance is crispy, and people can't help eating another bite after eating it.
Kaifeng has a long history of planting chrysanthemums. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Kaifeng Chrysanthemum was famous all over the country. At that time, chrysanthemums all over the country were yellow, but Kaifeng cultivated white chrysanthemums!
The great poet in the Tang Dynasty described in his poem "Beating White Chrysanthemums with Hu Ling" that "every family's chrysanthemums are as yellow as frost, and the garden is as unique as frost".
In the Song Dynasty, the chrysanthemum planting in Kaifeng got unprecedented development. In the cold autumn season when trees fell leaves, chrysanthemums were in full bloom in the whole city.
According to "Dream in Tokyo", "Chrysanthemums are everywhere on the Double Ninth Festival in September, and restaurants are all pierced with chrysanthemums." At that time, "both the Forbidden City and your family enjoyed this chrysanthemum" and "the scholarly family also enjoyed one or two plants in the city."
With the in-depth study of chrysanthemum cultivation techniques, the first monograph "Chrysanthemum Spectrum" was born in Kaifeng. There are more than forty varieties of chrysanthemums recorded in Ju Pu.
At that time, in late autumn ... 1999, in addition to climbing mountains, literati poets drank chrysanthemum tea, chrysanthemum wine, painted chrysanthemum pictures, sang chrysanthemum songs and wrote chrysanthemum poems, which became a fashion and left many masterpieces of chrysanthemum singing in Kaifeng.
Li Qingzhao wrote in "Drunken Flowers": "Don't worry, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers." Su Shi wrote in the poem "To Liu Jingwen": "The lotus has no shelter from the rain, and the chrysanthemum still has Ao Shuang branches."
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the chrysanthemum planting in Kaifeng became more prosperous. Up to now, we can still see the poem "The wind blows the leaves and leaves fall, and the frost chrysanthemums pile up white" on the Gan Long Imperial Monument in Yuwangtai, which shows how long the history of cultivating chrysanthemums in Kaifeng is.
Today, there are 1000 kinds of chrysanthemums in Kaifeng. When late autumn comes, chrysanthemums of all shapes and colors are fragrant and colorful.
The whole Kaifeng can be described as a world of chrysanthemums and an ocean of flowers.
Kaifeng Chrysanthemum has unique advantages in scale, variety and shape, so we say: "Luoyang Peony is the best in the world, Kaifeng Chrysanthemum is chinese odyssey". Therefore, people call Kaifeng "Chrysanthemum City".
Chrysanthemum was named "city flower" in Kaifeng on 1983. From1October1August to1October1August every year, it will be the "Chrysanthemum Festival" in Kaifeng.
Kaifeng, which used to be "the rich world without it", has been a bit lonely since modern times. However, in this ancient capital, there are still stories about the upright Bao Gong, the honest Yang Jiajiang and the famous prostitute Li Shishi.
If you come to Kaifeng, walk under the ancient city wall and feel the vicissitudes of history, or take a boat trip to appreciate the charm of this "northern water city", the city in front of you does not have the fast pace of modern urban life, and it exudes antique in its smile.
You can appreciate the elegant demeanor of "Five Pagodas of Mingxia in Shu Qi, the ancient imperial city of Yimen". ...
This paper is just a collection and arrangement of the history and culture of this ancient capital by Kaifeng people who love their hometown. Not too comprehensive, and I don't want to be comprehensive. A city with rich historical background can't be described in words. You need to discover and experience it! I'll wait for you here. ...