The tropics are located between the tropic of cancer and the tropic of cancer, on both sides of the equator, and between 23 26' south and north latitudes, accounting for 39.8% of the global total area.

the English name of Tropics is tropics. The height of the sun in this belt is very high all the year round. In the vast area between the tropic of cancer, there are two direct sunlight in a year. On the tropic of cancer, there is one direct sunlight in a year. Moreover, the height of the sun at noon here is high all the year round, with little change. Therefore, this area can get strong sunlight all the year round, and the climate is hot, which is called the tropics. On the equator, the length of day and night is equal all the year round. From the equator to the Tropic of Cancer, the length of day and night changes gradually. On the regression line, the difference between the longest day and the shortest day is 2 hours and 5 minutes. Thus, in the tropical area, the latitude difference of astronomical phenomena is extremely small. The tropical zone is characterized by high temperature all year round, with a small amplitude, only the relatively hot season and the cool season or the rainy season and the dry season. The annual temperature is greater than 16 degrees Celsius. Chinese name: Tropical mbth: Tropics is located between the Tropic of Cancer and the South. Climatic characteristics: the temperature is high all year round, and the boundaries of four seasons are not obvious, including the climatic characteristics of countries such as Brazil, India, Kenya and Somalia, climate distribution, regional plants, tropical crops, tropical rainforests, countries, cities, peaks, Asia, Africa, Oceania and North America. South America, tropical diet, tropical legends, climate characteristics The most remarkable feature of tropical climate is that the annual temperature is higher, the annual average temperature is greater than 16 degrees Celsius, the boundaries of the four seasons are not obvious, and the daily temperature change is greater than the annual temperature change. Due to the difference of surface and precipitation, tropical climate reflects different characteristics, including relatively hot season and cool season or rainy season and dry season. Broadly speaking, the equatorial climate can also be classified as a tropical climate. The equatorial climate refers to the climate in the range of 5-1 degrees on the north and south sides of the equator. The annual average precipitation is 1-3 mm, and the precipitation distribution is relatively uniform. The annual average temperature is 25-28℃, and the humidity is relatively high, and the annual change of meteorological elements is not significant. Near the equator, it is humid, hot and rainy all the year round. During the day, the weather changes are often monotonous and full of regularity. In the early morning, the weather was sunny and cool, and near noon, the cumulus clouds in the sky developed strongly and became thicker. At one or two o'clock in the afternoon, the sky was overcast, thunder rumbled and heavy rain poured down, and the rainfall could last until dusk. After the rain, the weather was a little cold, but it became sultry again after sunrise the next day. Although it is very hot here, the average temperature in the hottest month is not too high. The absolute maximum temperature rarely exceeds 38℃, and the minimum temperature rarely falls below 18℃. The tropical zone lies between the Tropic of Cancer, the Congo River basin in Africa and the Gulf of Guinea, the Amazon River basin in South America and the Indonesian archipelago belong to the equatorial climate. In tropical desert areas, the climate is completely different. In the Sahara desert in northern Africa, the Arabian desert in western Asia and the great desert in central Australia, there is drought and little rain all year round, and the temperature changes sharply, with the daily range of more than 5℃. China's Leizhou Peninsula, Hainan Island, the southern lowlands of Yunnan Province and the southern lowlands of Taiwan Province Province are all under the control of tropical climate. There is no frost and snow all year round, and there are lush tropical jungles everywhere, and there is no cold winter all year round. The maritime climate is cool in summer, and the tropical region has created extremely favorable conditions for the growth and reproduction of animals and plants because of the high temperature and rainy weather. Many precious animals and plants are produced in tropical climates. The vast tropical rain forest is a huge green factory for producing oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide, which plays a very important role in regulating the contents of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the global atmosphere. Climate distribution 1. The tropical rain forest climate is mainly distributed near the equator, with high temperature and rainy all year round and even in each month. 2. The tropical grassland climate is mainly distributed in the north and south sides of the equatorial rainforest climate in Africa and South America. It is hot all year round, and there are obvious dry seasons and rainy seasons in a year (precipitation is divided into wet and dry seasons). Sanya-Forever tropical heaven 3 and tropical monsoon climate are most obvious in the Indian Peninsula and Indochina Peninsula in the south and southeast of Asia. This climate is hot all year round, and a year can also be divided into dry and rainy seasons, and the wind direction changes with the seasons. In dry season, the wind blows from land to sea, and there is little rain; In the rainy season, the wind blows from the ocean to the land, and the precipitation is concentrated. 4. The tropical desert climate is mainly distributed in the west coast and inland areas of the mainland near the Tropic of Cancer. This climate is characterized by scarce precipitation, hot and dry all year round, and there are large deserts on the ground. Regional plants tropical crops tropical crops refer to plants cultivated in tropical areas. In China, it usually refers to the special cash crops planted in tropical areas, mainly in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian, Taiwan Province and other places, with Hainan Island and Xishuangbanna being the most suitable. According to their uses and economic characters, they can be roughly divided into 12 main categories. Some of them occupy an important position in the national economy. For example, rubber produced by rubber trees ranks as the four major industrial raw materials along with steel, oil and coal; Coffee, cocoa and tea are the three major drinks in the world; Cassava is the main food and energy plant in many developing countries. Provide all kinds of spices, fruits and special medicinal materials. Because many tropical grasslands originated from or planted in the tropics for a long time, tropical crops generally require higher heat conditions. For example, pure tropical crops such as cocoa, bread rice and durian can only be planted in the south of Hainan Province in China. Some requirements for heat have certain plasticity, and can also be suitable for climate conditions at higher latitudes. For example, rubber trees have been cultivated artificially in China, and have been planted in suitable areas with 24 north latitude. However, the possibility of expanding seeds is limited. Variety improvement is a necessary step to expand to higher latitudes. Tropical crops are generally perennial, and they are usually produced in plantations, planted once and harvested for many years. It is not appropriate to switch to other crops easily after planting. Tropical Rainforests Most tropical rainforests are located between 23.5 degrees north latitude and 23.5 degrees south latitude. In tropical rain forests, there are usually three to five layers of vegetation, and trees as high as 45.7 meters to 54.9 meters are covered like tents. The density of the lower layers of vegetation depends on the degree to which sunlight penetrates the upper trees. The more sunlight comes in, the greater the density. Tropical rainforests are mainly distributed in the jungle areas of South America, Asia and Africa, such as the Amazon Plain and Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. The average monthly temperature is above 64.5 degrees Fahrenheit (about 18 degrees Celsius), and the average annual precipitation is above 23mm, which exceeds the annual evaporation. Singapore countries Asia: China (Hainan Island, Leizhou Peninsula, Yunnan and southern Taiwan Province), Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Khmer, Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Philippines, Indonesia, East Timor, India (part), Bangladesh (part), Sri Lanka, Maldives Oceania: Oceania belongs to tropical Africa: Africa except south-central Australia and New Zealand. Most of them belong to tropical Latin America: except Argentina, most of Chile and northern Mexico, which are not tropical, Others belong to tropical cities China-Kaohsiung, Jinghong, Zhanjiang (Leizhou Peninsula), Haikou, Sanya, Sansha Singapore-Singapore Tropical Fruit Thailand-Bangkok Philippines-Manila Malaysia-Kuala Lumpur Indonesia-Jakarta Liberia-Monrovia Central Africa-Bangui Ecuador-Quito (the above are the main representative cities) Peak Asia 1. puncak jaya, Puncak Jaya in Indonesian, formerly known as Puntjak Sukarno and Gunung Carstensz or Mount Carstensz, is also known as Mount Cuddesdon. Puncak jaya is the highest peak in New Guinea Island, with an altitude of 4,884 meters (the previous data was 5,3 meters), and the peak is covered with snow all year round. It belongs to the Sudirman mountain range, in the west of the central plateau of the island, in which Ngga Palu is the highest point in the southwest Pacific Ocean and the highest point among the islands in the world. Puncak jaya overlooks 2. Wuzhi Mountains, which is located in the middle of Hainan Island, China. It is named after the undulating peaks like five fingers, and its highest peak is two fingers, with an altitude of 1,867 meters. The Wuzhishan area is covered with tropical virgin forests, which are layered and endless. The main rivers in Hainan originate from here, and the mountains and waters complement each other, forming a strange and magnificent scenery. Wuzhishan forest area is a green treasure house with countless immortal trees for hundreds of years. Africa 1. rwenzori mountains 2. Mount Kilimanjaro 3. Mount Batian, Mount Maoke, Oceania, Mount Ilasu in North America, located about 6 kilometers east of San Jose, the capital of Costa Rica, with an altitude of 3,432 meters. Its crater is 15 meters in diameter and 3 meters deep. There is a pool of green water at the bottom, and the top is smoky and full of weather. It is a famous tourist attraction in Costa Rica. Erasu volcano is an intermittent volcano. Erasu volcano Erasu volcano is an intermittent volcano, mainly composed of basalt and andesite. In 1841, 192, 1963 and 1978, there were three craters. Erasu volcano is not a barren land. It is a rare tourist attraction with beautiful scenery, dense forests and lush flowers and plants. The white Panshan Highway is like a beautiful belt wrapped around green hills, and fertile volcanic ash provides favorable conditions for agricultural planting. The valley is full of green and strong crops, and the clear streams pass through the mountains, making a pleasant sound. The tall and straight pines grow on steep rocks, which is a special sight. Costa Rica is known as the "Garden of Central America", and Erasu volcano is the garden in this garden, which attracts tourists from all over the world with its unique natural scenery and volcanic wonders. Ota Snow Mountain in South America, in the Amazon region of western Venezuela, the proud and secluded Cerro Autana stands in the clouds, and the local Indians regard it as a sacred mountain. It is a magnificent plateau mountain range dominated by quartzite sandstone. In the eyes of local Indians, it is the root of life, from which everything derives. Tropical Diet Due to favorable conditions such as temperature and precipitation, many areas in the tropics are rich in fruits, vegetables and a variety of foods, for example, Thai fruits: Thailand has fertile land, which not only grows rich rice and vegetables, but also breeds a wide variety of fruits. Delicious fruits become the ingredients of every meal, or often become the cooking materials. The most memorable thing is the dizzying sight of the fragrant and delicate fruit in the mature season. Thai mango, with sweet taste, comes into the market in large quantities from March to June, which is different from mango varieties in Central America and the West Indies. Some kinds should be eaten while the skin is still green, and some should be accompanied by glutinous rice seasoned with coconut milk, which has different tastes. Longan is a specialty of northern Thailand, and the production season is from June to August, so the gluttons can have a big meal at this time. Lychee is produced in Chiang Rai, which is abundant from April to June. Plush rambutan with juicy and sweet white flesh, the production season is from May to September, and the kilogram is about 3~4 baht. The largest fruit species in Thailand is pineapple honey, and the production season is from January to May. Grapefruit, which looks like grapefruit, is abundant in the market from August to November and is warmly welcomed by fans. Thai cuisine: The popularity of Thai cuisine can be witnessed by the huge number of Thai restaurants distributed in major cities all over the world. Most Thai people have a big bowl of rice as the main food, accompanied by one or two curry dishes, a fish, a soup and a salad (lettuce), which can be eaten in any order according to their preferences. The tableware is a fork and a spoon. After-dinner snacks are usually seasonal fruits or various desserts made of flour, eggs, coconut milk and palm sugar. Vegetables are fresh, and the way of cooking is mostly to stir-fry in China wok fire. Coconut milk is used as the basic seasoning of curry sauce in many parts of China, and there are many seasonings, including lemongrass, shrimp sauce, fish sauce and more than a dozen local specialty spices, and the spicy degree of pepper ranges from mild to extremely spicy, so you can choose. There are different dishes in different parts of Thailand. What people in the northeast like to eat is glutinous rice with roast chicken and a spicy papaya salad called "SomTam", which is a mixture of shredded papaya, shrimp, lemon juice, fish sauce, garlic and randomly mixed chopped pepper. Northerners prefer a kind of local sour meat called "Naem", which varies with everyone's taste. The food in the south is deeply influenced by the Muslim flavor of Malaysia, and there are all kinds of raw seafood for matching. And popular in China are: lemon shrimp soup or winter yin gong, shrimp for crispy rice noodles, pork, eggs, Thai curry chicken, coconut chicken and spicy beef salad. Summary of Tropical Legends: Why did European colonists conquer America thousands of miles away instead of Africa? Why is modern Africa still trapped in poverty? Why does India seem rich but actually poor and weak, and the caste system has lasted for thousands of years? The world filled by elephants in 15 years, under the rule of King "Lucky" Manuel I, the Portuguese empire was in full swing. Since crossing Cape Bohador in 1434, the Portuguese have been advancing steadily along the west coast of Africa. In 1498, da gama crossed the Cape of Good Hope and arrived in India. In 15, Pedro lvares Cabral arrived in Brazil. It was in this year that the king sent an expedition up the gambia River in West Africa to explore the "dark center". However, only one member of the expedition finally returned safely, and all the others were left behind in Africa by the epidemic. John de Barros, a historian of later generations, wrote: "God sent an angel, wielding the flame sword of deadly fever, to prevent us from entering the clear spring in this garden, from which the golden river flowed into the sea we conquered many times." After hundreds of years, this deadly fever, malaria, still kept European adventurers from going deep into the interior of the "dark continent" until Europeans extracted quinine, a specific drug for treating malaria from the American cinchona tree. Even in the 19th century, David Livingston, the greatest African explorer, and his wife both died of malaria. Even in 19, a quarter of Africa's inland areas were unexplored. Dean Swift once described the dilemma when people drew this dark continent: "On the map of Africa, geographers fill in the gaps with wild animals. Therefore, for the hilly land that is not suitable for living, fill in elephants to replace the lack of towns. " During this period, the deadly infectious diseases brought by Europeans, such as smallpox, measles, typhus, influenza and diphtheria, have swept across the American continent, wiped out most of the native American Indians and helped Europeans conquer America completely. Jared Diamond's masterpiece Guns, Germs and Steel has provided a convincing explanation for why American Indians can't escape the fate of being conquered by infectious diseases. The fate of Africa and other tropical countries is linked to malaria, the most terrible infectious disease in human history. Why did European colonists conquer America thousands of miles away instead of Africa at hand? Why are both aborigines,