1. The history of physiognomy Physiognomy has a long history in China. The earliest date can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period of the seventh century BC. "Zuo Zhuan·Wen Gong Year" records: During a funeral, Gongsun Ao heard that Uncle Neishi, who was sent by Emperor Zhou to attend the funeral, would read the fortune teller, so he asked his two sons to come out to meet him. Uncle Fu said to Gongsun Ao: The grain can be used to sacrifice and support you, but the grain can be used to bury you. If Gu has a plump chin, his descendants will surely thrive in the state of Lu. Historical books such as "Historical Records" and "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" also contain records on the activities of early prime ministers such as Gubu Ziqing and Wu Shili. During the Warring States Period, fortune telling became popular. "Zeng Confucius·Executive Chapter" records: King Wei Anyin asked Zishun whether it was appropriate to worship Ma Hui as his prime minister. Zishun replied: Those who look at pigs with long eyes are deceitful. Later, Ma Hui became the prime minister, and was eventually convicted of flattery. Although the art of fortune telling was already popular at this time, it was mainly noticed as a means of participating in politics. Professional fortune tellers and the theory of physiognomy in the strict sense had not yet appeared. During the Han Dynasty, physiognomy developed rapidly. There are various detailed records in "Historical Records" about Liu Bang's family's fortune-telling deeds. All the people who achieved great success in the Han Dynasty, such as Prime Minister Zhou Yafu, Changping Hou Weiqing, Wu Wangbi, Huainan Wang Yingbu, General Li Guang, Yushi doctor Ni Xian, etc., all have fortune-telling stories passed down to the world. According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty": In the Eastern Han Dynasty, even the selection of concubines and girls in the imperial palace had to be reviewed by fortune tellers. With the widespread popularity of the custom of fortune telling, the theoretical system of physiognomy was initially established at this time. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" contains twenty-four volumes of "Xiangren". According to the "Huaiqing Prefecture Chronicles", only Xu Fu, a famous fortune teller at that time, wrote such fortune-telling books as "Song of De Qi", "Miscellaneous Notes of the Five Palaces", and "Listening to Sounds and Forms". After the Han Dynasty and the Li and Tang Dynasties, fortune-telling became an important social profession, with more than 30 kinds of fortune-telling books and more than 130 volumes. After that, during the Song and Ming dynasties, the custom of fortune telling reached its peak. Many physiognomists became dignitaries, many intellectuals and upper-class celebrities studied physiognomy theories with strong interest, and a large number of physiognomy books filled bookstores. After the Ming Dynasty, physiognomy gradually spread among the people and became a means for quacks and magicians to make money and support their families. Since then, there have been few new developments in both the theory of physiognomy and the art of fortune telling. Ancient physiognomy celebrities are as bright as stars, such as Gubu Ziqing in the Spring and Autumn Period, Tang Ju in the late Warring States Period, Xu Fu in the Han Dynasty, Yuan Tiangang and Li Chunfeng in the Tang Dynasty, Ma Yi Taoist and Chen Bo in the early Song Dynasty, Yuan Zhongwei in the Ming Dynasty, Chen Zhao in the Qing Dynasty, etc. , all are famous. Its social influence is not inferior to that of the dignitaries and literati of the same era. There are countless ancient works on physiognomy, but most of them are copied from each other. The main ones that are self-contained and more practical include "Ma Yi Shen Xiang Fa", "Liu Zhuang Xiang Fa", "The Complete Collection of Shen Xiang", "Shui Jing Ji", " "Xiangli Hengzhen" and so on. Among them, "Ma Yi Shen Xiang", named after the sorcerer Mai Taoist of the Five Dynasties, is the most widely circulated, and "The Complete Collection of Shen Xiang", named after Chen Bo of the Song Dynasty, is the most complete system.
2. Brief introduction to the history of Guangzhou Brief introduction to the history of Guangzhou ://soufun Real estate portal-SouFun July 17, 2007 14:05 SouFun BBS Guangzhou is referred to as Sui, also known as Yangcheng.
Located in the northern part of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong, on the edge of the South China Sea, it is the confluence of the Xijiang, Beijiang and Dongjiang rivers. It is the largest city in southern China. Guangzhou has a long history. During the Zhou Dynasty, the Chu State sent ministers to this place where "Baiyue" people lived. When "Baiyue" surrendered to Chu, it was called Chu Ting.
During the reign of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty, he built a city on the shore of the South China Sea and called it Nanwu City. In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (214 BC), he sent Ren Xiao to lead troops to unify Lingnan and establish the Nanhai capital. Guangzhou was called Panyu at that time.
Ren Xiao was appointed as Nanhai County Lieutenant and built Panyu City, commonly known as "Ren Xiao City". This is a small city located in the Jiucang Lane area of ??Cangbian Road in today's Guangzhou.
In the early Han Dynasty, Zhao Lun took over Nanhai County, annexed nearby areas, established the Nanyue Kingdom, and established himself as King Wu of Nanyue. His dynasty lasted for 93 years for five generations. Zhao Lun took Panyu as the capital city and spread the city of Panyu to the east, west and most of Guangxi Province. This was the beginning of the name Guangzhou.
The Tang Dynasty was the rule of Lingnan Dao. In the third year of Liang Zhenming in the Five Dynasties (917), Liu Xi, the king of Nanhai, proclaimed himself emperor here, changed it to Qianheng of Yuan Dynasty, and the country was named Dayue.
The following year it was renamed Han, and historically known as Southern Han. Guangzhou was promoted to Prince Xing's Mansion and served as a capital city. From the Three Kingdoms to the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the city of Guangzhou expanded southward. Because it was close to the river, it was often flooded. Liu Yin, the king of Nanhai, chiseled Yushan Mountain, took soil to raise it, and expanded the city wall, which was named New South City.
In the Song Dynasty, it was governed by Donglu, Guangdong. In the Ming Dynasty, it was Guangzhou Prefecture.
In 1645, Zhu Yugou established the 44-day Nanming Dynasty in Guangzhou and changed it to Shaowu. Qing Dynasty along with Meiji period.
In 1921, the Guangzhou City Hall was established, marking the beginning of Guangzhou’s official founding as a city. During the Song Dynasty, the city walls of Guangzhou were built more than ten times.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, the central, eastern and western cities were built successively. Zhongcheng, also known as Zicheng, is based on the old city of the Southern Han Dynasty, reaching Ganxi in the east, ancient West Lake in the west, Danan Road in the south, and Yuehua Road in the north, with a circumference of 2.5 kilometers.
Dongcheng is based on the old site of the eastern part of Zhaoluncheng, connecting Zicheng to the west, Fangcao Street to the east, Haoxian Road to the north, and Wenming Road to the south. In 1071, the West City was built, with a circumference of more than 6.5 kilometers and the largest scale.
During the Ming Dynasty, Guangzhou was the political and economic center of the Lingnan region. During the Hongwu and Jiajing years, the city wall was expanded twice. During the first expansion, the three cities of the Song Dynasty were combined into one, called the old city, with a circumference of 10.5 kilometers.
In the late Ming Dynasty, a new city was built south of the old city. Today, Wanfu Road, Taikang Road and Yide Road are the southern boundary of the new city.