Open firecrackers: In the early morning of the first day, the first thing for every household is to rush to play "open firecrackers", and firecrackers are ringing all over the city, symbolizing the farewell of the old year and the welcome of the new year, commonly known as "receiving the new year". It is also customary to play "opening the door". Generally, a string of small firecrackers is set off first, which is called the "Hundred Celestial Guns". Set off double firecrackers again, and only set off three firecrackers, which means that you can lift the plague for one year and celebrate the New Year. It is required to ring three times, and the sound is loud and the most auspicious. As the saying goes, the sooner you open the door, the better, which symbolizes that whatever you do casually will go smoothly this year, you will make a fortune and farmers will have a bumper harvest. In some places, when they opened the cannon, they murmured, "Open the city gate and fire; When wealth comes, so does happiness. "Generally firecrackers and Lippi's skin are red. After the discharge, the paper flowers were everywhere, and the clouds were bright and colorful, forming a house full of auspicious colors and celebrations. Firecrackers have been banned in towns, but they can still be set off in rural areas and fishing islands.
Worship the Six Gods: After opening the door, both men and women wear new clothes. Housewives burn Buddha tea and offer various sacrifices for the incense table with Jiangxi porcelain bowls. Nave hangs statues of ancestors, worshiping ancestors first, and then worshiping six gods (kitchen god, eaves god, white tiger god, well god, land god and god of wealth). Folk believe that these six gods are the protectors of every family. They worship in the New Year, mainly to pray for the safety of the population and the prosperity of family businesses throughout the year.
Welcome to the Three Gods: After worshipping the Six Gods, set up a small square table in the atrium, put a bowl of rice, cover it with red paper, and stick glue around it. It was put on the table, burned incense and lit candles, and worshipped devoutly. This is called "meeting the three gods" (that is, the Taoist jade Qing, Qing Qing and Tai Qing), and it was not until the fourth day of the first month that the gods were sent away from their seats.
Ancestor worship: In the old society, at noon on the first day of the first month, every household in Dongtou County had to worship their ancestors. The ceremony was presided over by the housewife. First of all, list the offerings, arrange the handlebars and chopsticks, and pour the yellow wine into the wine. Put a bench between the shrine and the altar, then light red candles and burn incense on the incense burners of all the shrines, such as ancestors, san huang the Great, the earth god and the kitchen god. When the red candle burns about three quarters or the incense is about to burn out, it begins to burn "golden paper" (a kind of paper money folded into ingots with gold foil, which is only effective after reciting popular beliefs) and set off firecrackers. Finally, take out the food. Move the chair to the front of the table before taking the food. When offering sacrifices to ancestors, the gifts on the table are not allowed to move; Except cakes and fruits, all the sacrifices offered must be boiled or steamed again before eating. Otherwise, it is considered disrespectful to gods and ancestors.
Burning incense: On the morning of the first day of the first month, there is an old custom of "burning incense". The civil and military officials in the city wear crowns, all of them are deacons, knocking gongs to clear the way and burning incense in various temples, which is very dignified. Every old man and his family bathed and changed clothes before dawn, and rushed to the community temple or nearby temple to open the door of the temple, burn incense and light incense candles. Some people even stay up on New Year's Eve and wait in temples. As soon as the sea is over, burn incense as a sign of piety. People think that the first person to light incense is the most auspicious, so there is a custom of lighting the first pair of candles first. As the saying goes, "whoever opens the door first will definitely make a lot of money this year." Old people go to the temple to worship the temple gods, mainly to pray for good luck in the New Year and the safety of the whole family. However, due to the differences in class, industry, gender and age, people come to worship God in an endless stream, some seek to make a fortune in business, some seek a bumper harvest in agriculture, some seek children to continue to inherit, and so on. For larger temples, such as Wang Miao in Dongou, worshippers should give red envelopes to the temples. If prayer is effective, the rich should make a wish with a big candle weighing 100 kilograms on the first day of each year.
Ryan: In the past, in Dongtou Island, every household held a "Ryan" ceremony, which lasted from 30 nights to midnight. Presided over by the elders in the family or the people in charge of production and life in the family. The host should "clean up" (that is, stop the color on New Year's Eve), bathe all over, and don't touch unclean things before "opening". The desk should be placed at the gate or in the courtyard, and two benches should be placed at the foot of the table to raise the desk. The offerings include three kinds of animals, fish, fruits, cakes and vegetarian noodles. And there are a pair of big red candles on each side, commonly known as "all night". At the beginning of the ceremony, the host lit the "all-night lamp". After burning incense, the whole family knelt down, crossed their hands and prayed for God's blessing, and wished the whole family peace, wealth and all the best in the new year. After praying, the whole family stood quietly and waited for a while, then burned "golden paper" and set off firecrackers. Finally, withdraw. Since 1980s, with the New Year bell of CCTV ringing, the opening time has been advanced to midnight. The ceremony is also much simpler, and some of them are just firecrackers and fireworks. However, more firecrackers were set off, especially the "Hundred Zi Bao", and even thousands of firecrackers were strung together, with a loud voice and a long time, which was extremely exciting.
Offering tea: On the morning of the first day of the first month, there is also a custom called offering tea on Dongtou Island. Worship tea refers to "jujube tea" made of red dates, longan and rice cakes. Take its auspicious meaning: red dates-the days are getting more and more prosperous, longan-family reunion, safe and smooth, rice cakes-step by step. "Sacrificing tea" is divided into two parts: one is to worship the ancestors and hold a small bowl as a statue of the kitchen god; The second is to worship the kitchen god. Everyone should burn incense, light candles, paste gold paper and set off firecrackers. After tea, everyone in the family has a bowl to drink. Because the first meal of the New Year is soup, people will laugh at themselves with the phrase "people drink soup on the first day of the first month" if they are blocked by rain, whether they go out or work at home in the future. After drinking tea, we will burn noodles to eat, which is commonly called "longevity noodles". It is not only good luck, but also the wish of the whole family to live a long life. As a supplement to tea, you can kill two birds with one stone.
Breakfast: On the first day of the first month, Wenzhou people like to eat muffins (a sweet rice cake steamed by steaming). When eating, the muffin is sliced, and then the fat in soy sauce meat is sliced and embedded between two muffins, which tastes sweet and salty and has a unique flavor. Some people eat glutinous rice balls or cook a bowl of vermicelli with a boiled egg on it. These foods all contain the symbolic meaning of "getting older" and "reunion". Some people cook China New Year's rice and eat mashed cakes and muffins. In Pingyang, eat rice cakes and glutinous rice balls, and some drink brown sugar soup first, then add noodles and eggs; In Taishun, housewives make sugar tea, steam sugar cakes and serve vegetable heads (salted radishes) to their families. But in Yandang area of Yueqing, people eat brown seeds. On New Year's Eve, every household cooks a pot of zongzi, and gets up early on New Year's Day for the whole family to eat. It is said that eating zongzi has two meanings. First of all, because Zongzi is homophonic with Zong, it means to miss one's ancestors. Second, because Zongzi is homophonic with the word "zhong", the name takes the meaning of "zhong". In Yueqing, people usually use red dates, dried persimmons and glutinous rice balls. In Baishi Town, Yueqing, we had soup dumplings, thick soup and top cakes for the first dinner. When you are asleep, put your shoes in front of the bed and ask for the blessing of Heaven. During the Spring Festival in the city, tourists have the custom of offering Yuanbao tea, that is, putting two fresh olives in the tea, which not only smells fragrant, but also can be seen floating in the yellow-green tea soup, shaped like Yuanbao, commonly known as "Yuanbao tea", which contains the luck and rich colors of the New Year. Snacks can be round-eyed meat or lotus seeds, red dates, meatballs, eggs and vermicelli.
New Year's greetings: From the morning of the first day of junior high school, first at home, the younger generation kowtows to the elders in order, which is called "New Year's greetings". Since the second day, neighbors, relatives and friends have come and gone to worship and pay homage. If we meet on the road, we will bow to each other (nod and shake hands), and some people will cross each other's names "Happy New Year" on their chests. New Year greetings to each other are also called "New Year greetings" and "New Year greetings". First of all, the next generation goes out to their elders' homes to pay New Year's greetings, and then their peers pay New Year's greetings. This is the so-called "returning to the New Year". The newlyweds call it "New Year greetings" when they visit the Yue family for the first time, while the younger generation calls it "New Year greetings" when they visit the funeral home.
According to the old custom, Wenzhou people do not visit relatives on the first day of the first month. Generally speaking, the New Year greeting time is from the second day to the tenth day or extended to the fifteenth day of the first month. In Cangnan, it is called "exploring the first month". When you go to an ordinary relative's house, you must bring a gift. Before 1950s, agricultural products were relatively simple, mostly longan, litchi, red dates, jujube, brown sugar, dried persimmons and so on. Red paper is wrapped in special papyrus paper (some are printed with lace words to celebrate the New Year), so they are called "paper Bao Peng", also known as "Gaobao" and "red envelopes". Each package of gifts is about half a catty, and how many packages you need to send depends on your relatives who are leaving. In the past, many people bought red envelopes during the Spring Festival. From/kloc-0 to February 20th, every night after 9: 00, the shop assistants are busy wrapping red envelopes until late at night, and everyone can have a bowl of mustard fried rice cake for dinner. If the business is good, it will be packed after the Lantern Festival. Some stores only have more than 20 red dates in a red envelope. Interestingly, after the owner sent it to Xi's home, his family sent it to Nan's home ... Finally, the bag was broken and the red dates in the bag were dug by the children. Sometimes there is only one left, and they are still being distributed.
In the middle and lower reaches of Yongjia nanxi river, on the first Spring Festival after marriage, the son-in-law went to his parents' house to pay a New Year call and wanted to make rice cakes, also known as "sending rice cakes". Cook rice with white rice flour, mash it in a stone mortar, knead it into rice blocks, then put it into a wood carving mold, and print round and flat rice cake patterns on the front, such as harmony between two immortals, money from bangs, champion elephant, etc. The quantity should be one load, about 50 pairs to 100 pairs. In addition, there are pork, muffins and longevity noodles (noodles).
In Wencheng, New Year greetings are called "the year of appearance". In the past, if children over one year old were taken to "see" their grandparents, they usually chose the third, sixth and ninth days, which was called "369 Wuji". When going out, draw scarlet or black ink on the child's eyebrows and nose tip to avoid "imp" attacks. On the fourth day of the first month, most people don't travel or work. Because it is homophonic with "death", people who speak Minnan dialect are jealous of the ninth day of the first month. Because "nine" and "dog" are homophonic.
In Yueqing, I don't go out to visit relatives and friends on New Year's Day. In Baixi and other places, even the second day of the New Year is forbidden. Anyone who comes to the countryside without asking the vulgar will be accused to his face. From the third day, people who don't look forward to "New Year's Eve" go to see their parents, uncles and aunts and pay New Year greetings, commonly known as "looking forward to the first month". Gifts are mainly muffins or mashed cakes, followed by fish, meat, litchi, Yuan Kui and other red sealed ingots. According to the custom, there are four old relatives and six new relatives. The above-mentioned expected relatives of elders (including the elderly) usually pay homage before the Lantern Festival. If the grandparents and parents of the husband, nephew and adopted son all die, they can send their son there. Anyone who visits relatives and friends for the first time in the first month, regardless of seniority, must carry two red envelopes; Visitors must make tea, cook snacks or hold banquets, otherwise, it is considered impolite according to custom. In Pingyang, my nephew went back to my grandmother's house for the first time to pay a New Year call, and her grandmother sent a calf.
In Dongtou, when the daughter returns to her parents' home, she should give her parents a "red bucket" to show filial piety. The so-called "red barrel" refers to a small wooden barrel engraved with flowers or red paint, which contains cooked food and pasta or glutinous rice made with big fish and meat as seasoning, generally about 2.5-5 kg. As the saying goes: "Give birth to a child's soul, give birth to a girl's red bucket treasure". It means that after giving birth to a son, someone wears a hemp Dai Xiao after his death and lifts the coffin at the funeral; After giving birth to a daughter, there is a "red fight" in the first month to show filial piety. After the 1970s, the custom of carrying red buckets basically disappeared, and so did the "paper Bao Peng". On the contrary, food such as wine, meat and canned food was brought.
During the Spring Festival, most people will invite relatives and friends who come to visit the New Year to drink, commonly known as the "Year Wine", that is, the Spring Banquet, and there are also special activities to entertain relatives and friends for drinking. Generally speaking, food and wine are abundant. If the children brought by relatives and friends are under 16 (nominal age), they should be given lucky money, which is called "squeezing the stomach pocket". When relatives and friends leave, they must have gifts in return, usually candy, cakes, water chestnuts and so on. In the old custom, if you don't pay a New Year call, it's a sign of breaking off the kinship. Therefore, some old relatives (relatives of the previous generation) have to take turns to pay New Year greetings. Old relatives who have no connection with the four seasons and eight festivals must visit the New Year only during the Spring Festival.
Hall layout: On New Year's Day, wealthy families hang red and gold longevity screens (people who can live long) or large-scale calligraphy and painting on the nave. There is a long table in front of the screen, with evergreen flowers at the left end and a finely carved screen at the right end, with a clock or a big ingot in the middle. There are a pair of big tin tables on the left and right (some weigh 100 kilograms, as high as people) with big candles. There are two square tables in front of the long table. In addition to the big tin table and candles, there are a pair of diagonal lights (commonly known as "hall lights") on both sides. There is a big gold ingot (made of a bucket of glutinous rice and brown sugar) between the two tables, with silver flowers on it, wrapped in Ayabeni, and a few horizontal oranges on it, symbolizing the entrance of financial resources. In addition, a number of flowerpots in Jiangxi Kiln are displayed, which are planted with various flowers, such as plum blossom, clove, daffodil and Buddha's nail flower. There is a red note with the word "Geely" on the flowerpot. In front of the long table and the square table, there are embroidered red silk tables, and the left and right corners are equipped with finely carved gold lacquer columns. Nave is full of calligraphy and painting. There are big chairs and tea tables on both sides, covered with chair covers embroidered with red satin, and several dishes of refreshments are placed on the table. If guests come, they will sit separately. In addition to refreshments, Jiangxi tea cups will be placed on painted wooden plates, or snacks such as lotus seeds and longan will be provided, as well as dumplings and red dates. On this day, even the bed curtain, bed forehead and bedding in the room were cleaned and replaced, and even the dressing table and mirror were covered with satin embroidered mirror covers. All the beams and eaves are covered with beautiful palace lanterns, and only two pairs of red gauze lanterns are hung on the front beam to show solemnity.
Write on the Spring Festival: Scholars write auspicious words on red paper, or "learn good luck all the year round", which is called "write on the Spring Festival". Some people write longer words, such as "write on the Spring Festival, good luck". All the year round, everything goes well. Business is booming and financial resources are abundant. Six livestock are thriving, and the grain is abundant. The family is bright and auspicious, and the population is healthy. Good weather, peace and prosperity. "After writing, stick it on the partition. On the other hand, those who can write poems will feel touched by the scene and write some new self-encouraging poems.
Pendant gold ingot: Every household uses brown sugar, glutinous rice and indica rice to make large and small gold ingots in order to make money and get treasures. Every place in the house where things are stored, such as barns, rice jars, bookcases, boxes, wardrobes, drawers, jars, etc. There is a small gold ingot.
Wear new clothes: On the first day of the Lunar New Year, people have to wear new clothes, which also means seeing off the old and welcoming the new. In the old society, the rich gentry and rich households wore woolen satin; Even the coarse and old clothes worn by poor households are neat and clean, which is different from the usual days to welcome the auspicious New Year. Children wear big red clothes, young women are of course all red, and even old women wear big red skirts, because red symbolizes auspiciousness among the people. Children are usually forbidden to wear bright clothes, but today is an exception. Some people wear red net clothes and Tiger Claw, while others wear small swords, shells, wood carvings or bronze carvings on their belts, which means "resisting evil". Nowadays, great changes have taken place in people's clothing, with more colorful colors, styles and materials, and they are developing to a high level. But it's the same to wear new clothes to welcome the new year.
Travel: When you go out on the first day of the first month, you should choose the direction. First, burn incense in front of the kitchen god, then take an empty pot, put a spoon in it and spin it hard. According to the direction pointed by the last stopped handle, a person will advance with scissors, and then hear and remember what the first person said in order to cut it (virtual action), which means taking half and returning to divination. This is called "complement each other", which is also commonly known as "not listening".
Happy Koucai: During the Chinese New Year, Wenzhou people like Koucai, and they are only allowed to say auspicious words and avoid saying unlucky words. "Relatives' entertainment, auspicious words are fragrant, that is, 18-year-old gifts should also be accompanied by Taiping money, evergreen cypress and other things, otherwise it means auspiciousness.
References:
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In ancient times, in Yoichi Higashi, Zhejiang, whenever the twelfth lunar month came, there was a folk custom called "ghost".
The "ghost of the year" begins on the first day of the twelfth lunar month and ends on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. Because, at this time, the old year is about to resign and welcome the new year. For the sake of thousands of families, we should spend the New Year safely and happily, so we should eliminate all ghosts on the earth to avoid breeding disasters.
Ghostbusters are street beggars or unemployed people, wearing top-ranked martial hats, with a string of red beards on their faces, holding swords and chains around their waists, much like Zhong Kui's dress, and shouting ghosts from door to door. Followed by a follower, cheering for it, the main actor shouted, and the follower responded with a bang! In this way, during the performance, he ran all over the village to show that ghosts and monsters were completely cut off. Finally, every family gives the actors their due rewards.
The custom of "hunting ghosts" in eastern Zhejiang has a long history, which began in the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Tang Minghuang suffered from malaria once and never recovered after a long illness. One day, he dreamed that a man from GREAT GHOST was infected with malaria, and he spit it out and recovered. Don asked what his name was. The answer is Zhong Kui, who took the exam before. He was ugly and was not accepted at last, so he was killed in front of the stage. When Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty woke up, he asked the painter Wu Daozi to draw a portrait and named him the Ghost King. This is Zhong Kui, who is said to ward off evil spirits and has been passed down to this day. Whenever every household is ready to kill pigs and sheep, pray to their ancestors and greet the New Year with joy, some people use Zhong Kui as a "ghost" for every household to win auspicious New Year colors and earn some money to make a living.
References:
In ancient times, in Yoichi Higashi, Zhejiang, whenever the twelfth lunar month came, there was a folk custom called "ghost".
The "ghost of the year" begins on the first day of the twelfth lunar month and ends on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. Because, at this time, the old year is about to resign and welcome the new year. For the sake of thousands of families, we should spend the New Year safely and happily, so we should eliminate all ghosts on the earth to avoid breeding disasters.
Ghostbusters are street beggars or unemployed people, wearing top-ranked martial hats, with a string of red beards on their faces, holding swords and chains around their waists, much like Zhong Kui's dress, and shouting ghosts from door to door. Followed by a follower, cheering for it, the main actor shouted, and the follower responded with a bang! In this way, during the performance, he ran all over the village to show that ghosts and monsters were completely cut off. Finally, every family gives the actors their due rewards.
The custom of "hunting ghosts" in eastern Zhejiang has a long history, which began in the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Tang Minghuang suffered from malaria once and never recovered after a long illness. One day, he dreamed that a man from GREAT GHOST was infected with malaria, and he spit it out and recovered. Don asked what his name was. The answer is Zhong Kui, who took the exam before. He was ugly and was not accepted at last, so he was killed in front of the stage. When Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty woke up, he asked the painter Wu Daozi to draw a portrait and named him the Ghost King. This is Zhong Kui, who is said to ward off evil spirits and has been passed down to this day. Whenever every household is ready to kill pigs and sheep, pray to their ancestors and greet the New Year with joy, some people use Zhong Kui as a "ghost" for every household to win auspicious New Year colors and earn some money to make a living.
References:
In ancient times, in Yoichi Higashi, Zhejiang, whenever the twelfth lunar month came, there was a folk custom called "ghost".
The "ghost of the year" begins on the first day of the twelfth lunar month and ends on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. Because, at this time, the old year is about to resign and welcome the new year. For the sake of thousands of families, we should spend the New Year safely and happily, so we should eliminate all ghosts on the earth to avoid breeding disasters.
Ghostbusters are street beggars or unemployed people, wearing top-ranked martial hats, with a string of red beards on their faces, holding swords and chains around their waists, much like Zhong Kui's dress, and shouting ghosts from door to door. Followed by a follower, cheering for it, the main actor shouted, and the follower responded with a bang! In this way, during the performance, he ran all over the village to show that ghosts and monsters were completely cut off. Finally, every family gives the actors their due rewards.
The custom of "hunting ghosts" in eastern Zhejiang has a long history, which began in the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Tang Minghuang suffered from malaria once and never recovered after a long illness. One day, he dreamed that a man from GREAT GHOST was infected with malaria, and he spit it out and recovered. Don asked what his name was. The answer is Zhong Kui, who took the exam before. He was ugly and was not accepted at last, so he was killed in front of the stage. When Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty woke up, he asked the painter Wu Daozi to draw a portrait and named him the Ghost King. This is Zhong Kui, who is said to ward off evil spirits and has been passed down to this day. Whenever every household is ready to kill pigs and sheep, pray to their ancestors and greet the New Year with joy, some people use Zhong Kui as a "ghost" for every household to win auspicious New Year colors and earn some money to make a living.
References:
In ancient times, in Yoichi Higashi, Zhejiang, whenever the twelfth lunar month came, there was a folk custom called "ghost".
The "ghost of the year" begins on the first day of the twelfth lunar month and ends on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. Because, at this time, the old year is about to resign and welcome the new year. For the sake of thousands of families, we should spend the New Year safely and happily, so we should eliminate all ghosts on the earth to avoid breeding disasters.
Ghostbusters are street beggars or unemployed people, wearing top-ranked martial hats, with a string of red beards on their faces, holding swords and chains around their waists, much like Zhong Kui's dress, and shouting ghosts from door to door. Followed by a follower, cheering for it, the main actor shouted, and the follower responded with a bang! In this way, during the performance, he ran all over the village to show that ghosts and monsters were completely cut off. Finally, every family gives the actors their due rewards.
The custom of "hunting ghosts" in eastern Zhejiang has a long history, which began in the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Tang Minghuang suffered from malaria once and never recovered after a long illness. One day, he dreamed that a man from GREAT GHOST was infected with malaria, and he spit it out and recovered. Don asked what his name was. The answer is Zhong Kui, who took the exam before. He was ugly and was not accepted at last, so he was killed in front of the stage. When Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty woke up, he asked the painter Wu Daozi to draw a portrait and named him the Ghost King. This is Zhong Kui, who is said to ward off evil spirits and has been passed down to this day. Whenever every household is ready to kill pigs and sheep, pray to their ancestors and greet the New Year with joy, some people use Zhong Kui as a "ghost" for every household to win auspicious New Year colors and earn some money to make a living.
References:
/SJ blog/user 1/77 1/archives/2006/4 17 1 . html