Not surprisingly, Su Shi and Hangzhou are also very predestined friends. He was transferred to Hangzhou twice, once sentenced to a magistrate, and all he did was the practical work of governing and governing. In addition, how many writers and literati were attracted by such a great writer's residence, and the cultural atmosphere of this city suddenly became lively. Su Shi himself was the kind of generous and well-connected person. Not to mention Hangzhou, wherever he went, he might be treated like an idol.
Su Shi first came to Hangzhou to take office in 171, the fourth year of JaeHee Ning, when he was 36 years old. Su Shi, who was sent to Hangzhou from the DPRK, was actually depressed. Because of his opposition to Wang Anshi's political reform, he fell into a whirlpool of struggle and had no choice but to apply for a foreign post to avoid right and wrong. I still can't help worrying about my future along the way, and I don't know if my political ambitions can be realized.
Su Shi, who was in a bad mood, arrived in Hangzhou that winter. This bustling metropolis at that time had beautiful scenery, developed commerce, tourists, and songs. Shenzong is still good to Su Shi, and it is a good job to be sent to this lively and rich place.
this time, I will stay in Hangzhou for three years. In addition to daily business trips, Su Shi's spare time life is also quite rich. It's natural to travel all over the city. You can't miss all kinds of recreational activities on holidays. Colleagues' banquets are indispensable, and of course you have time to be alone. What is it? Su Shi will never forget Hangzhou, and even if he is elsewhere many years later, he will still miss it by poetry.
Visiting the Ancient Temple of Famous Monks
Su Shi grew up in a family with a very strong Buddhist atmosphere. His mother, Mrs. Cheng, is a devout Buddhist. She keeps sixteen arhats in her home, and she has to display tributes every day, sincerely pay homage to the Buddha, and is kind-hearted. When Su Shi was a child, there were many bamboos and cypresses in his yard, which attracted many birds to live and nest. Mrs. Cheng forbade her family to catch birds and lay eggs, so there were more and more birds in his family, and the nests were built lower and lower. Su Shi and his friends directly watched and fed without fear.
Su Xun, my father, loves to make friends with famous monks. He once donated money in his hometown to make a statue of Bodhisattva. Su Shi was exposed to such a family and began to read Buddhist books in his youth. Later, with the rich life experience, I realized the impermanence of life and became increasingly interested in Buddhism.
Hangzhou not only has a bustling side, but also has ancient temples and monks hiding in the mountains and lakes. Before coming to Hangzhou, Su Shi had heard from his teacher Ouyang Xiu that there was a monk Hui Qin in Hangzhou. It is said that he is good at writing poems and has a high literary accomplishment. At that time, he lived in Gushan Temple above the West Lake, and there was another famous poet Huisi in the temple. When Su Shi first arrived in Hangzhou, he settled down and set off to visit two eminent monks.
At that time, 36-year-old Su Shi said that he had "come to know the taste of seclusion over the years, and thought about talking to the superior". There are many temples and famous monks in Hangzhou. Occasionally, I cross the mountains and mountains alone, enter the temple to participate in meditation, burn a pot of fragrance, hold a pot of famous tea with purple bamboo shoots in the mountain spring, listen to the light rustling in the mountains, stroll among the pine trees at dusk, and gather with one or two confidants on the stone bridge in the dead of night to talk about Buddhism and Zen. Such a quiet experience, of course, let Su Shi put down his government affairs and chores from time to time and go into the mountains.
Visit the lake to watch the tide and enjoy the flowers
The beauty of the West Lake is well known all over the world. How can people who come to Hangzhou miss it? Su Shi's office in Hangzhou is just at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain, which is close to the south of the West Lake. In this area, visiting the lake is a matter of going out. When the weather is fine, simply move your desk to the lake and enjoy the beautiful scenery while handling official business. People turn their days into poems, and he Su Dongpo turned them into poems even for the class.
I can't help it. The West Lake is so beautiful. Not only beauty, but also beauty is different all year round, so it is no wonder that Su Shi has been inspired by many works. The famous "Rain after Drinking Chu Qing on the Lake" was written during this period. It is the phrase "If you want to compare the West Lake with the West Lake, it is always appropriate to make light makeup and heavy makeup", which makes the West Lake appear as a gentle woman, and it still affects many people's imagination of the West Lake today.
At that time, the people of Hangzhou concentrated on an important event every Mid-Autumn Festival, that is, watching the tide in Qiantang River. Su Shi, who originally liked magnificent wonders, came here and certainly won't let go. Set the best tide-watching position in advance, and on August 15 th, sit with colleagues and watch the performances of teenagers with surging waves. Surfing in the waves is ancient surfing. They held high the little red flag and sang a ditty in unison, haunting the waves. Su Shi was moved by the big scene and wrote, "Ten thousand people are clamoring for Wu Nong, who is still an old boy floating in the river." I want to know how high the tide is, and the mountains are muddy in the waves. "
Watching tides in August and enjoying flowers in spring, the rich people of Hangzhou always have such a rich amateur life. There is a Jixiang Temple in Hangzhou, which has a vast area and thousands of different kinds of peonies. When it comes to spring, the flowers are flourishing and very touching. In the fifth year of Xining, in the first March after coming to Hangzhou, Su Shi accompanied Zhizhou to Jixiang Temple to enjoy flowers and wine. The sound of silk and bamboo and the fragrance of wind have attracted countless tourists. Some people brought their own peony, decorated with silk baskets, and competed with the peony in Jixiang Temple. Some people raised their glasses and drank, and some people put the peony in front of their heads. Forgotten tourists are responsible for the carnival of flowers, and Su Shi is responsible for reciting poems and laughing: "People are not ashamed of their old flowers, and flowers should be ashamed of their old heads." Drunk passers-by should laugh, and the ten-mile bead curtain is half hooked. " What a harmonious relationship between government and people.
Managing people's livelihood
Watching the tide and enjoying flowers is very pleasant, but it doesn't happen every day after all. Don't forget that Su Shi came to Hangzhou to make a general judgment, that is, to help Zhizhou take charge of one side of the water and soil. Although Hangzhou was a bustling city at that time, in fact, the local people, especially the peasant class, suffered a lot from natural disasters, infrastructure and improper implementation of the reform.
Hangzhou was originally a piece of land washed by the tidal water of Qiantang River. At the beginning, the water quality was bitter and hard to swallow. When Li Bi was the secretariat of Hangzhou in the Tang Dynasty, he once built six large wells, which were distributed in all parts of the city to draw fresh water from the West Lake for the whole city to drink. Later, Bai Juyi served as the secretariat to further manage the West Lake and dredge six wells. However, with the age getting longer, six wells is slowly silting up and abandoned, and drinking water has once again become a life problem for Hangzhou people.
In the autumn of the fifth year of Xining, Su Shi and Chen Xiang of Zhizhou hired two monks who were proficient in water conservancy to preside over the restoration of six wells. They made field trips, dug ditches and replaced bricks, and repaired the leakage, which revived six large wells and solved the problem of draught.
At that time, Wang Anshi's political reform was in full swing. Starting from the national interests, the new law aims at Qiang Bing, a rich country, which inevitably needs to expand the exploitation of the lower classes. Then this drawback was aggravated in the actual implementation process because of the corruption of bureaucracy. Su Shi had left Beijing for foreign office because he opposed the political reform. Now he is in the private sector, and he has witnessed the tragic life of the public under the attack of natural disasters and the New Deal, which makes him feel even more sad and angry. During this period, Su Shi wrote many poems reflecting the sufferings of the people and satirizing the new law. That is, these works became evidence that they were later framed for "slandering state affairs". But if you let him keep silent and sit idly by, it will not be Su Shi.
Start writing lyrics
With the title of a great poet of the bold school, Su Dongpo has contributed too many classic lyrics to our Chinese textbooks since childhood. Most people can always recite a few words of river of no return, and the waves are exhausted. I hope people will live for a long time, and it will be a thousand miles away. What if I told you that all Su Shi's poems we read in textbooks were written after he was 38 years old? It's true, in fact, Su Shi didn't write ci at the beginning. In the early days, his works were mainly poems. Until the sixth year of Xining (the second year of the general sentence of Hangzhou), there were almost no words in Su Shi's works.
there are reasons for this. This form of ci was originally produced with the singing of music, and later it gradually became a literary form for literati to entertain at songs and banquets. In other words, the essence of the original word is a kind of entertainment, characterized by using exquisite language to describe the thoughts of men and women and the feelings of hurting spring.
In Su Shi's teenage years and the first ten years of his career, the ideals of saving the world and saving the country and keeping the country safe occupied a dominant position in his mind. Therefore, although the style of Ci in the Song Dynasty was prosperous, Su Shi did not have much opportunity and mood to write Ci. It's different when you get to Hangzhou. Where is Hangzhou? Jiangnan is a treasure land with a rich style of writing. In addition, as a local official, he has more leisure time, so he can enjoy traveling and attending all kinds of feasts, and there are many experts around him. With such an environment and group influence, Su Shi naturally made his official debut in the field of ci.
Although it started a little late, Su Shi was determined to be a different poet from the very beginning. He doesn't follow the old way of traditional graceful words, but integrates the artistic conception and brushwork of poetry into his words, and the subject matter is no longer limited by love and always in my heart. You write about romance, relationships with men and women, while I write about lofty ideals and feelings of home and country. However, although Su Shi is the pioneer of bold and unconstrained ci, it doesn't mean that people can't write graceful ci. Look at this song He Xinlang:
Ruyanfei's House.
when there is no one, the shade turns to noon, and the night is cool and the bath is new.
a white round fan is created by hand, and the hand is like jade for a while.
gradually sleepy, lonely sleep and clear maturity.
who will push the embroidery door outside the curtain? It's a waste of time to call people and dream of breaking the Yaotai song.
again, the wind strikes the bamboo.
In June of the seventh year of Xining, Chen Xiang, who worked with Su Shi for more than two years, was about to leave after his term of office expired. In official business, they share the same ideas, but in private, Su Shi and Chen Xiang can be said to be in tune. In recent years, they have handled civil affairs together and traveled to Hangzhou hand in hand, and their feelings have become deeper and deeper. Chen Xiang will leave, and Su Shi has written a series of farewell words for him.
how long will your envoy get back? It makes the drunkenness before the bottle linger more.
The rain on the autumn lake makes you want to go and stay.
Today, you are wandering around, and the Ming Dynasty is worried about killing people.
"Bodhisattva Man. The West Lake sends a story about the past"
Tonight, at the place where the residual lamp shines obliquely, it is shining:
When the autumn rain is sunny, the tears are not sunny.
Nanxiangzi. Send an ancient story
The ancient story is written by Chen Xiang. Once you send it again, you can see that you are really reluctant.
Take Chaoyun away
Anyone who knows Su Shi knows who Chaoyun is. Among Su Shi's partners, Chaoyun is the one who knows him best. Speaking of Hangzhou, Su Shi is really lucky. He not only lives leisurely and works smoothly, but also finds a Chaoyun who loves him, understands him and follows him.
According to age, Su Shi's Chao Yun is 26 years old, and Chao Yun is even three years younger than Su Shi's eldest son Mai Su. When he entered Su Jia, Chao Yun was only 12 years old, so he should be a kabuki. Later, Chaoyun gave birth to a young son, which was nine years later. Until Su Shi was demoted several times and moved around, Chaoyun stayed with him and never left.
When a girl from a song and dance class entered the Su family, she dared to say that Master Su's stomach was out of date. Chaoyun must be a lovely person. However, fate just made people, and Su Dun, the youngest son born to Chaoyun, died unfortunately before he was two years old. When Su Dun was born, Su Shi was nearly fifty. Having experienced the ups and downs of the world, he once wrote a children's play for his youngest son: < P > Everyone raises his son to be smart, and I was delayed by being smart all my life.
I only hope that the child is stupid and honest, and there is no disaster to reach the public.
If this child grows up smoothly, he will be at least a little happier than his brothers.
When Chaoyun was thirty-four years old, he died of epidemic in Huizhou and was buried by the West Lake in Huizhou. In the epitaph written by Su Shi, she was described as "sensitive and righteous". A song dynasty woman who can sing and dance well, is intelligent and heavy-minded.
I always feel that Chaoyun should be somewhat like Su Shi's wife Wang Fu. Wang Fu was well versed in poetry and books, and married into Su Fu at the age of sixteen. Legend has it that when Su Shi meets visitors, she often stands behind the screen and listens, and then tells Su Shi what she thinks of her temperament. Su Shi treats people with simplicity and unsuspecting, and Wang Fu acts as his wife, while Su Shi studies, and she is with him. This kind of tacit understanding may not be available to Wang Runzhi, who married Su Shi as a stepchild after Wang Fu's early death. God took Wang Fu away and gave him a Wang Chaoyun. Hangzhou is really a good place.
that's all for today's story. In Su Shi's political career, he once served as a foreign minister in Hangzhou twice, and the second time was in the fourth year of Yuanyou (189), when Su Shi was 54 years old and served as a magistrate. The next story will be told later.
this reference
Su Shichuan Wang Shuizhao Cui Ming
Selected Works of Su Shi Wang Shuizhao.