The first stage is the "pre-criticism" period, which analyzes and criticizes the disadvantages of Wang Anshi's new political reform from the combination of history and reality.
In the spring of the second year of Xining (1069), Su Shi returned to Beijing from his hometown in Sichuan, which coincided with Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law. He wrote to Zongshen three times in a row, criticizing Wang Anshi's new law in an all-round way.
In On the Form of School Tribute, he first pointed out Wang Anshi's Gong Ju Law: "Or, I would like to talk about the virtues of my hometown; In other words, take strategies to stop poetry and fu; Or if you want to improve the story and collect reputation of Tang room, you should stop sealing it; Or stop learning from the scriptures and don't paste ink to test righteousness. All these people know one but not the other. " Su Shi suggested that the emperor order the relevant departments to "try to speak by law and learn from it." Zong Shen was very surprised after reading it, and immediately sent someone to ask Su Shi for advice. Su Shi pointed to Chen frankly and said, "I think your majesty is born with talent. You have no ignorance, laziness and endless pain, but you are too eager to seek treatment, listen too widely and enter people too sharply." This is obviously a criticism of the emperor's extensive use of Wang Anshi and other reform backbones, regardless of the interests of the people to promote the new law.
Judging from the content of Wang Anshi's Gong Ju Law, we can't say that it is not a talent selection reform of the education system. However, judging from the results of his later reuse of a large number of political speculators, such as Lv Huiqing and Zhang Dun, his "Public Law" was actually aimed at recruiting political reform talents, which laid a hidden danger for his failure in political reform.
Subsequently, regardless of the crime of "blaspheming Tianwei" and Wang Anshi's suppression, Su Shi wrote "The Book of Emperor Shenzong" twice in a row, comprehensively attacking the shortcomings of Wang Anshi's new law.
Su Shi believes that "the establishment of the three legal departments" is actually to seize the rights of the original three departments, namely the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Salt and Iron, and to appoint a group of new people to carry out reforms. In modern language, it is like replacing the State Council and the Central Secretariat with the Cultural Revolution Group during the Cultural Revolution. Su Shi hit the nail on the head and pointed out: "It is also the name of seeking profit to establish three laws and regulations. In June and July, there were more than 40 generations of young messengers, and the tools for profit were also ... Therefore, I think that the elimination of shackles is to appeal for peace, restore people's hearts and save the country, so I don't want to stop. " Su Shi boldly pointed out that Wang Anshi's new law "competes with the people for profits" and its reform institution must be abolished. Revoking the political reform institution is to fundamentally cancel Wang Anshi's political reform.
Su Shi believes that the young crops law means that the government borrows money to earn high interest. In order to get credit to invest more money in young crops, local officials forced people to borrow money and pay interest, which made people miserable. The young crops law must be abolished immediately.
Su Shi believes that the Treaty on Irrigation and Water Conservancy only stipulates that "success is rewarded and failure is not punished", which will give those opportunistic "floating traitors" an opportunity.
Unscrupulously extract the wealth of the state treasury and the people from it.
Su Shi believes that the disadvantage of the employment law lies in that female families and underage families who have not undertaken obligations have to pay half of the fixed amount of service fee (the so-called "service fee"), which will increase the burden on ordinary people and make those corrupt officials "if the money is not deleted, officials will continue to exist, which will make the world resent."
Su Shi believes that the practice of "losing two taxes and taking the benefits of equal loss" in the equal loss law can not only increase the income of the court, but on the contrary, it will implement the equal loss law by "setting up officials and keeping accounts and cherishing money", increasing the expenditure of the state treasury and increasing the burden on the people.
Others, such as Tanaka Uniform Tax Law, Garbo Law, Cutting Art of War, General Art of War, Horse Protection Law, Military Equipment Supervision Law, etc. Su Shi also put forward his own different views.
Not to mention whether Wang Anshi's "new law" contains reasonable elements, not to mention whether Su Shi's criticism of the new law is completely correct, but as far as the content, foothold and starting point of his criticism are concerned, it is all to sympathize with people's livelihood, reduce their burden and relieve their sufferings.
At this time, Su Shi was just a humble civil servant. He clearly knew that Zongshen regarded "political reform" as the top priority of "enriching the country", and Wang Anshi was an important official of the dynasty. These performances are not only a criticism of Wang Anshi, but also a criticism of Zong Shen. "Violating Tianwei" means beheading. Without great wisdom and courage and psychological preparation, it is impossible.
After being excluded from Beijing, Su Shi did not stop resisting Wang Anshi's political reform. He reflected the real situation after the political reform to the court with the facts he saw with his own eyes and stated his views.
In November of the fourth year of Xining (107 1), when Su Shi was sent to Hangzhou as a provincial judge, he witnessed the disaster brought to the people by Wang Anshi's political reform. He once again wrote the Book of Jade Emperor, saying, "There is no danger in the world. Gathering is for the people and dispersing is for hatred. There is no difference between gathering and dispersing. Therefore, the world belongs to the so-called king, and everyone has his own heart ... People's hearts are people's masters, such as trees have roots, lamps have ointment, and fish have water ... If trees have no roots, they will die, lamps will die without ointment, and fish will die without water ... If people lose their hearts, they will die. " Su Shi believes that the gain and loss of people's hearts is the most important thing in the rise and fall of a country. The person who wins the heart is the "king", and the person who loses the heart is the "single husband". Su Shi compared the emperor to a "tired egg"
"Wood", "lamp" and "fish". At the same time, people are compared to "Mount Tai", "roots", "ointment" and "water". If not handled properly, the accumulated eggs will collapse, the "wood" will die, the lamp will go out and the fish will dry up. This is actually a re-criticism of Wang Anshi's purpose of "accumulating wealth and harming the people", and it is also the result of public grievances.
In the seventh year of Xining (1074), Su Shi moved to Mizhou, and saw with his own eyes that the people could not bear heavy taxes, but became thieves. He also wrote "On Thieves in JD.COM, Hebei Province": "Some people will die if they risk their lives ... If they steal, they will die; If they are afraid of the law but don't steal, they will starve; If they give up the market, they will all die. If they die on credit, they will suffer from hunger. If they are late, they will steal. This is normal. " He suggested to the emperor, "If there is no profit in the world, then people will live. If they live, why steal?" This is actually an exposure of the consequences of Wang Anshi's political reform. I hope the court will stop the political reform and give the people a chance to live.
Su Shi also resolutely opposed Zhang Dun, the third emissary of the Reformists, who put forward the idea of "monopolizing salt" in JD.COM, Hebei. In his book "On Salt Que in Officials", he proposed that Hebei and JD.COM should not implement "salt que", and the "ordinary people" who have been making salt for generations must be left to fend for themselves. He pointed out that if the "salt monopoly" is implemented, it will only "harm others and benefit themselves, and the wise will not do it." Who lost people and money? This is a criticism of the state monopoly policy in Wang Anshi's political reform.
In the first year of Yuan You (1086), when Su Shi was in charge of the Chinese book, he wrote "Begging not to give away young crops". He said in his recitation: "Since Xining, we have implemented two methods: young crops and free service. Today, for more than 20 years, the harm of law has become more and more serious, the punishment has become more and more annoying, theft has become more and more rampant, land has become cheaper and cheaper, and food and silk have become lighter and lighter. If you count the injury, there are still people who can't say it. " Therefore, he suggested that the court "pay all the money that has been requested in five years and ten materials (that is, ten batches and ten times) with the second tax." Or ask the saints to remember that they have achieved a lot in their years, and they have been exempted from the fourth-class households. "That is to say, after the abolition of the Young Crop Law, the money and grain owed by farmers to the government are allowed to be returned by stages, and poor households below Grade 4 should be exempted. Su Shi's performance ended1in August, 998, the court announced the abolition of the young crops law.
The second stage is "post-criticism" period. From the failure of Wang Anshi's political reform to Su Shi's death, Su Shi used the hard evidence of "harming the people" since the political reform to liquidate and re-criticize the political reform.
In the early years of Zhezong Yuanyou (1086), the new law was abolished. However, Su Shi did not stop clearing and criticizing the serious consequences caused by Wang Anshi's political reform.
In March of the fourth year of Yuan You (1089), Su Shi went to Shanghai. After investigation, he found that the "sequela" of Wang Anshi's political reform was very serious: first, the market was prone to default, and there were still 1 12 households in Hangzhou that failed to recover the mortgaged properties during the Zongshen dynasty; second, they were "salt debts". At present, there are still 422 households in Hangzhou unable to repay the official salt money owed by Shen Zongchao. Third, "wine is in short supply". The wine officials of Zongshen Dynasty deceived people to "make wine out of production". There are still 404 households in Hangzhou who owe the official 13400 yuan for drinks. Fourth, "silk owes". Zongshen officials used "inferior" (inferior) silk to "credit goods" and "under the guise of official positions", resulting in 282 families in Hangzhou owing more than 8,200 yuan. These four kinds of "accumulated debts" make the people overwhelmed. To this end, he wrote a book to the court, "On six things due and implored the inspection committee to respond to four things and one action".
In addition, in more than a dozen notes to the court, he cited the fact that "Xi Ning Zhong" (that is, during Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law) made millions of people starve, and criticized the serious consequences caused by Wang Anshi's political reform. The second part of this article has already been discussed, so I won't repeat it. )
On May 16th, the seventh year of Yuan You (1092), after learning about Yangzhou, Su Shi wrote to the imperial court again, saying, "On six things in arrears and inviting the supervisory committee to do one thing four times", which exposed the brutal features and tyrannical acts of local cruel officials. A month later, Su Shi wrote "Re-discussion on Six Things and Four Things", which was played in the court.
In Hangzhou and Yangzhou, Su Shi wrote a series of recitations to the court about avoiding "accumulated debts", which not only pleaded for the people, but also liquidated and criticized the serious consequences caused by Wang Anshi's political reform.
Until Su Shi was demoted to Lingnan, he still insisted on the political proposition of "people-oriented". In Hainan, he wrote an article about Shang Yang, criticizing Shang Yang for using excessive, excessive, excessive anti-humanity and anti-humanity "deep bleeding" tough and cruel methods to promote political reform, and connecting with the social reality of the Song Dynasty, publicly praising Sima Guang and belittling Wang Anshi's "taking advantage of others' danger", which led to the serious consequences of "the country broke down and the family died".
To sum up, we can see that Su Shi adheres to the consistency, firmness, principle and reality of "people-oriented", and Su Shi is a real and thorough "people-oriented".