1 Transliteration: directly convert the words into Chinese words according to the pronunciation of the original language words.

For example, Chinese translation rules stipulate that geographic names and personal names of countries that do not have traditional Chinese characters should be translated directly according to free translation: such as Sri Lanka, the United States, New York, the former Soviet leader Stalin, and Sofa.

(Sofa).

2 Transliteration + category name: ballet, truck, Jeep.

3 Transliteration + free translation: Marxism, "card" (card) 4. Free translation using the characteristics of Chinese characters "seeing meaning from the text": This type of foreign words is divided into two types: the first is a purely free translation of Chinese words, that is,

Chinese free translation words, such as "telephone"; the second type is borrowed words from Japanese, that is, Japanese-made Chinese, such as "telephone".

There doesn't seem to be much difference between them, and they are not much different from the Chinese free translations.

5. Directly use abbreviations in English letters, such as CPI, WTO, ECFA.

Over the past thirty years of reform and opening up, with the increasingly frequent economic and cultural exchanges at home and abroad, and with the in-depth development of international economic integration, Chinese loanwords have continued to develop forward, and new loanwords have continued to emerge, such as cloning, Internet, IELTS,

Blog, WTO, CPI (Consumer Price Index).

The most significant feature of the development of Chinese loanwords during this period is the large number and rapid development of loanwords, such as karaoke and GRE that appeared in the 1980s, BP machines and BBS that appeared in the 1990s, and ATM machines that appeared after 2000.

PK.

Chinese loanwords usually refer to transliterated words originating from foreign languages. There are two main forms of their composition: one is pure transliteration, such as coffee, and the other is transliteration + free translation, such as beer.

Japanese loanwords that directly borrow written forms are usually regarded as Chinese loanwords, such as photo and monogatari.

Since the reform and opening up, Chinese words with foreign letters have appeared in large numbers. Such words that borrow shapes and sounds have become new members of Chinese loanwords and have developed rapidly.

Over the past thirty years of reform and opening up, foreign words have clearly reflected the tremendous changes in Chinese society from different aspects.

"Karaoke" appeared in the early 1980s. Karaoke is a type of audio equipment invented in Japan in the mid-1970s. The Japanese meaning is an unmanned band. It was later introduced to the mainland from Hong Kong and Taiwan, became popular for a while, and then developed.

It became a form of "KTV" and is still a popular form of leisure and entertainment among the public.

"Disco", a dance form that originated from black American dance, also entered people's lives in the early days of reform and opening up. Later, words such as disco, disco, and disco were derived, which are still popular today. In the late 1980s, break dance (

Break Dance) was short-lived.

In the 1980s, the impact of AIDS, the plague of the century, began to appear around the world. Its name was initially transliterated as "AIDS". After 1986, the name was changed to "AIDS" in mainland China to avoid misunderstandings. Hong Kong and Taiwan still use the name "AIDS".

The translated name in Singapore is transliterated as "love disease".

The alphabetical word form of AIDS is also used, and related to it are HIV, AIDS orphans, etc.

"Bikini" swimwear also began to appear in mainland China during this period, showing that social concepts were changing from conservative to open.

PCs began to appear and began to change people's lives.

The hot tests of TOEFL and GRE reflect the emergence of a new wave of study abroad craze in China and show that cultural exchanges between China and the West are becoming increasingly active after being stagnant for a time.

The rise of the Internet around the world in the early 1990s greatly promoted technological progress and profoundly changed people's lifestyles.

During this period, due to the inability to find a suitable translation, Chinese first directly introduced the loanwords in the form of internet and Internet. Later, translations such as Internet, International Internet, and Internet appeared. The National Committee for the Approval of Scientific and Technological Terms in 1997

It was officially recommended to be named "Internet". After several years of chaos, the unified translation of "Internet" was finally accepted by the public.

Along with the Internet, there are a large number of foreign transliterated words and alphabetical words, such as Yimeier, BBS, FTP, P2P software, hackers, Trojan horses, ICQ, and MSN.

With the development of Internet culture, the rise of "blog" in 2005 has led to a deeper development of Internet culture, and many related words have been derived, such as blog, blogger, and blogger.

Communication technology also made great progress during this period. In the early 1990s, BP phones became popular. In 1994, GSM mobile phones appeared in the mainland. Mobile phones entered the digital era from the analog era. In 2002, CDMA mobile phones appeared in the mainland. After that, 3G mobile phones began to appear in the mainland.

people's vision.

Entering the 21st century, many foreign words have become active in the economic field, such as WTO, CEPA, QFII (qualified foreign institutional investors), QDII (qualified domestic institutional investors), green GDP, in recent years CPI, PPI (industrial products leaving the factory)

Price index) began to appear frequently in media reports and became an economic indicator that people are quite familiar with and pay attention to.

During this period, DC (digital cameras) and DV players (digital video cameras) also entered the lives of ordinary people.

GPS technology is becoming increasingly mature and widely used. It has applications in car navigation, outdoor sports, mobile phone positioning, etc.