Singapore is located at 1 18 ′ north latitude and 13 51 ′ east longitude, adjacent to the south entrance of Malacca Strait, adjacent to Malaysia across the narrow Johor Strait in the north, and connected with the second channel by a new flexible long dike on the northern and western borders. There are ferry connections between bintan island and Batam across the Singapore Strait. The land area of Singapore is 719.1 square kilometers. With a total coastline of more than 2 kilometers, the whole country consists of more than 6 islands, including Singapore Island, St. John Island, Guiyu Island, Sentosa Island, Sister Island and Jiong Island. The largest three outer islands are Jurong Island, pulau tekong and pulau ubin. As the reclamation project forms a new land area, an additional 1 square kilometers of land will be added. The standard time in Singapore is UTC+8, which is one hour faster than its geographical location.
Singapore's topography is gentle, and its western and central areas are composed of hilly land, most of which are covered by forests. The eastern and coastal areas are all plains, and the highest geographical point is bukit timah, which is 163 meters high.
due to the limited topography, the rivers in Singapore are quite short. There are 32 major rivers in the island, including Clange River, Bange River and Shilonggang River, and the longest river is Jialeng River. Most rivers have been transformed into reservoirs to provide drinking water for residents.
Singapore is located in the tropics, controlled by the equatorial low-pressure belt for many years, and has a rainy climate in the equator, with small annual and daily temperature differences. The average temperature is between 23 and 34℃, the average annual rainfall is about 2,4 mm, and the humidity is between 65% and 9%. The rainy season is from November to January to March of the following year, and the weather is unstable due to the humid northeast monsoon. There are usually thunderstorms in the afternoon, and the average low temperature hovers at 24-25℃. From June to September, the southwest wind is the driest. In the alternate months of monsoon, that is, from April to May, and from October to November, the wind on the ground is weak and changeable, and the sun is very hot, and the highest temperature on the island can reach 35℃.
There are 17 reservoirs in Singapore to store fresh water for citizens. Among them, the Central Watershed Nature Reserve is located in the geographical center of Singapore, covering an area of about 3, hectares. The reserve has Merritch Reservoir, the upper section of Shilida Reservoir, the upper section and the lower section of Bayas Reservoir. In addition to collecting rainwater, its land plays an important "green lung" function in the city. In order to reduce the dependence on external water sources, Singapore has made the water supply more diversified and gradually moved towards the goal of self-sufficiency in water supply through large-scale water storage plans and technologies such as seawater desalination and recycling. With the completion of the largest Daquan seawater desalination plant [1]? At present, it can provide more than 6% of water demand.
About 23% of Singapore's territory belongs to forests or nature reserves, while urbanization has limited the area of rain forests. Forests are mainly distributed in Bukit Zhima Nature Reserve, three nature reserves, western areas and offshore islands.