Geological genesis of Qionghai Lake
As for the reasons for the formation of Qionghai, Du Qiong's theory of land subsidence in Han Dynasty and Ningyuan's theory of land subsidence in Ming and Qing Dynasties are widely spread. According to folklore, Qionghai was caused by the subsidence of Zitong County. Whenever the sun is shining and the sea is clear, you can still see the cylindrical tile roof at the bottom of the water in the waters near Seiryuji. This is recorded in the Biography of the Southwestern Han Dynasty and the Ming Hu Shan Ming in Guangfu Temple, Lushan Mountain. During the investigation of 1975, roof slabs were also seen under water dozens of meters away from the lake shore. This has also become the basis for the earthquake to enter the sea.
However, according to textual research, Sima Qian, who went to Xichang and Qionghai personally during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, never mentioned Du Qiong's theory of falling into the sea in history books. "History of Han Geography" only talks about "Du Qiong Nanshan produces copper, and there is Qiong Chize. There is no record of Qionghai's subsidence in the Records of the Three Kingdoms and the Records of Huayang. Poems and monuments of witnesses at the time of the Qing earthquake. Nor did it say that the earthquake had subsided. Geologists believe that Qionghai and its coastal plain developed on the basis of typical fault basins. The neotectonic movement in the east of Luoji Mountain is much larger than that in the north. Its intense activity caused the Luojishan fault block to rise greatly, and the fault basin around the sea further subsided, resulting in a huge height difference between Xigeda Formation in Liangzi, Daqing and Qionghai, and triggered many strong earthquakes in the later period. The formation of modern Qionghai is the result of Holocene strong fault activity. The bottom of Qionghai is inclined to the south, and Seiryuji area adjacent to Hainan fault is the deepest. It can be seen that Qionghai is a typical fault lake in genesis, and its ups and downs are caused by intermittent earthquakes through numerous stress accumulations, which gradually sink, expand and deepen.
The beautiful legend formed by Qionghai
A long time ago, there was a kind and hardworking woodcutter who went up the mountain to chop wood every day.
One day, accidentally, his finger was cut by an axe, and bright red blood dripped on the upstream of the clear spring, suddenly turning into a small eel, calling him "Dad" and asking him for food. The woodcutter quickly found some dry food scraps to feed it. Soon, the eels grew fat and strong, and the woodcutter's food was eaten up. He dreamed of eels and told him to bring him food. When I woke up, Huang Chengcheng was really full of millet.
The news spread from mouth to mouth and was soon known by the rich in the village. In order to possess these millet, the rich bribed the county grandfather, arrested the county woodcutter and tortured him, forcing him to admit stealing the rich man's house. Suddenly, three bamboo shoots appeared in the hall. The woodcutter stepped forward according to what Monopterus albus said, kicked off the back two and hugged the middle one tightly.
With a burst of lightning and thunder, two bamboo shoots broke, and two water columns soared into the sky, instantly turning the county seat and its surroundings into a piece of Wang Yang, which is Qionghai. The woodcutter rode thick bamboo shoots and followed the eel like a dragon. I don't know where it drifted.
This story is a complete trap. It is believed that when the sunset glow reflects Qionghai, the sea water is crystal clear and level as a mirror. At this time, you can see the outline of an underwater town, which is said to be the ruins of a city street that sank thousands of years ago.
Three elements of playing Qionghai
Enjoy the moon in Qionghai.
The ancients said: "The breeze is elegant and the rain is bright", which means that the three important towns on the "Southern Silk Road" have their own characteristics: the wind in Qingxi is very strong, the drizzle in Ya 'an is very affectionate, and the moon in Xichang is very bright. Therefore, Xichang also got the reputation of "Moon City". Whenever night falls, a bright moon climbs over distant mountains and branches from the end of the quiet Qionghai Sea and hangs in the clear night sky. The silver light is like a warm hand stroking the village, the boat and the quiet Qionghai. Everything is just a leisurely sleep.
Play clear water rafting in Qionghai.
Qionghai is surrounded by mountains, water and sky are one color, reeds are rustling and willows are one. Choose a sunny day, boating on the lake, with distant mountains like Dai and blue waves near the water. It's really that mountains are quiet because of water, and water is beautiful because of mountains. The joy that has long been irrepressible in my heart is also rippling with the ripples aroused by the paddles.
Play bird watching in Qionghai
Qionghai is rich in freshwater biological resources, including more than 70 species of plankton, more than 40 species of fish, about 40 species of benthos and more than 40 species of aquatic cone plants. These superior natural conditions create a unique environment for the survival of birds. In late autumn and early winter, in order to avoid the cold in the north, birds fly to Qionghai in droves and enjoy the warm sun in Qionghai. Birds dance in the bright lake air, swim in shallow water, play on the lake beach and feed on the grass beach, which makes people laugh.
Mount Lushan
Chuannan scenic spot
Lushan Mountain is located 5 kilometers south of Xichang, which is close to Qionghai, and it is towering into the sky. It is known as the "South Sichuan Scenic Spot" with the momentum of "half supporting Korean laughter and painting a screen in Ningcheng" and Qionghai. Lushan mountain, also known as frog mountain, is located on the south bank of Qionghai, 5 kilometers south of Xichang, and is one of the provincial-level scenic spots in Sichuan. Lushan Mountain is 23 17 meters above sea level. Qionghai in the east, Ninghe River in Lin 'an in the west, Xichang in the north and Luoji Mountain in the south. There are towering old trees and flourishing pine trees on the mountain. The ancients described the scenery of Lushan and Qionghai with "wind and water moon", that is, the pine of Lushan, the wind of Anning River, the water of Qionghai and the moon of Xichang.
The path in the forest of Lushan Mountain twists and turns, and the pines and cypresses standing by the road lead tourists to the mountains and reach the top of the mountain. There are more than 65,438+00 ancient temples built in the Han, Tang, Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as Guangfu Temple, Mengduan Temple, Sanjiao Temple, Zushi Temple, Guanyin Pavilion, Wang Mu Temple, Huang Yu Temple, Qingyang Palace and Wu Zu Temple. These ancient temples are owned by Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism respectively. Although their religious rules and philosophical thoughts are different, they can live in harmony on a mountain for thousands of years and spread their religion, which is rare and unique in the whole country. Among them, Guangfu Temple, the first temple in Lushan Mountain, is the largest building complex. It is composed of Thousand Buddha Hall, Wu Wen Palace, Kuixing Pavilion, Wanghailou, Liang Fei Temple and Daxiong Hall, with exquisite design and large scale. The temple retains exquisite carving art, including rare provincial earthquake memorial exhibition hall, poems and songs inscribed by celebrities in past dynasties, bronze and iron Buddha statues in Ming Dynasty, thousands of kilograms of bronze statues, incense burners and other cultural relics. There are ancient cypresses in Han and Tang dynasties in front of the temple, such as Yinke Rutie, Heilong Yaojiao, Shangteng Qingxiao, etc. You can get a panoramic view of Qionghai when you climb the Wanghai Building. Yang Sheng 'an, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, boarded Lushan Mountain and left a famous poem: "My old husband lives in Lushan Mountain tonight, and the door of Galvatron was not closed at night. Who smashed the space and the sky was full of stars? " This gives tourists rich reverie. This unique and national "Liangshan Yi Slave Society Museum" is located in front of this small temple. Its unique buildings add color to Lushan Mountain and browse content for tourists.
The main peak of Lushan Mountain (Shamao Lane) is 23 17 meters above sea level, with a relative height difference of about 800 meters from Qionghai Sea, and it is about 8 kilometers from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain. Lushan Mountain is a natural green barrier of Xichang with beautiful scenery and towering ancient trees. There are many kinds of rare animals and plants in the forest. One of the top ten "Bashu Tree Kings" with a history of 2,000 years, China cypress in Kowloon has a unique shape.
Wujiadaoshan
Here, the gas field is resounding, and it is praised as a good mountain of enlightenment by monks and Taoists. Deep in the forest, there are more than ten Brahma and Buddhist temples, and the ancient temples are fascinating because of their location and seclusion. Known as "Guanyin Pavilion twists and turns, Yaochi Palace is open and sunny, Jade Emperor Hall is steep and majestic, and Wuzu Temple is deep". Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism built temples on a mountain road. There are five temples and four Taoist temples on the mountain, a total of nine ancient temples, which embodies the religious decree of "three religions in one" after the martial arts in the Tang Dynasty. Emei is all Buddhism and Qingcheng is pure Taoism, but Lushan Mountain in Xichang is unique, and Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism coexist, forming a tourist attraction with both natural and human landscapes.
Guangfu Temple, the first ancient temple in Lushan Mountain, is the largest architectural complex and main temple in Lushan Mountain. It was built in the fifteenth year of Zhenguan. Guangfu Temple stands in a staircase shape from west to east. Seen from a distance, the clouds are spectacular. The whole building is centered on the central axis and is built in five floors according to the mountain situation. It consists of Daxiong Hall, Thousand Buddhas Hall, Wuwen Hall and Kuixing Pavilion. There is a bronze bell cast in the 23rd year of Qing Qianlong in the temple, which weighs more than one ton. There are antique inscriptions, incense burners and bronze Buddha statues, which reflect the thousand-year rise and fall of Lushan ancient temple. All the temples in Lushan Mountain have built watchtowers, and the scenery is different due to different topography. The Wanghai Building in Guangfu Temple is called "Yinyun Pavilion". Overlooking from the railing, the sky is vast, with fishing boats, willows and villages. There is a huge zhaobi in front of Guangfu Temple, and Yang Shengan, the top scholar in Ming Dynasty, once celebrated the Torch Festival in Lushan Mountain. After seeing the beautiful scenery of Lushan Mountain and the grand occasion of Torch Festival, he sang a famous sentence here: "I will spend the night in Lushan Mountain tonight, and the gates of Galvatron will not be closed at night. Who smashed the space and the stars fell into the world. "
forest of stelae/stone tablets
Following in the footsteps of Guangfu Temple, there is also a unique landscape in Lushan Mountain-Xichang Earthquake Monument Forest.
Xichang Earthquake Forest, Xi 'an Forest in Shaanxi Province, Confucius Temple Forest in Qufu, Shandong Province and Nanmen Forest in Kaohsiung, Taiwan Province Province are also known as the four major forest of steles in China, and are now cultural relics protection units in Sichuan Province.
Xichang is located in the fault zones of Anning River and Zemuhe River, and earthquakes often occur in history. The stone carvings collected in Xichang Earthquake Forest reflect the 28th lunar month in the 15th year of Ming Jiajing (AD 1536), the 3rd lunar month in the 10th year of Qing Yongzheng (AD 1732) and the 7th lunar month in the 30th year of Daoguang (AD 1850). The inscriptions collected in Xichang earthquake stele forest are mainly divided into two categories: notes and tombstones. Monument, which mainly records the damage degree of the earthquake to temples, government offices, halls, houses, city walls and water conservancy facilities; Tombstones mainly record casualties caused by earthquakes. The forest of earthquake steles recorded the specific years, months and days of three major earthquakes in detail. According to the distribution of the unearthed sites of earthquake stone tablets, we can also observe the affected areas of three earthquakes and infer the epicentre of the earthquakes. The forest of steles in Xichang earthquake is a valuable raw material for us to study historical earthquakes today.
Millennium Cooper
There is a dragon bell in front of Cooper and Guangfu Temple. Mosquitoes rise with the wind and connect with Qingyun. Branches are staggered, leaves are scattered, and the tree is 8.5 meters around. It was identified as planted in Han Dynasty.
There are many legends and stories about Mengduan Temple and this ancient cypress, which are widely spread. One said that Mengduan Temple was the Nanzhao site in Tang Dynasty. After the Anshi Rebellion, the ruling power of the Tang Dynasty weakened. By the time of Zong Yi (AD 860), the Dali regime had extended to Zhangzhou (now Xichang), and Nanzhao (Mongolian surname), Yueyan Zhao (duang), Zhao (Zhang surname) and Langqiong Zhao (Yang surname) had established their own governments, which was widely recommended and analyzed. Duan has a daughter named Wangtian who married Montessori. After the rise of Nanzhao, Duan disappeared and the five imperial edicts merged. Meng Duan was dissatisfied with Nanzhao's rule and became a monk. He built a temple in Lushan Mountain and sent donkeys to Lang Yue to deliver food to monks on the mountain every day. Donkeys leave early and return late. One day, the donkey only came to the flat valley. Meng Duan was very angry and scolded the donkey. The donkey died on the tree, and Meng Duan's family looked up to heaven and returned. The tree that the donkey climbed is this Cooper, and there is still a donkey's hoofprint on the tree so far.
During the orthodox period of Ming Yingzong, seven monks from Zhu Xi came to Lushan Mountain to practice Mao Zedong. At the foot of Qionghai Mountain, there is a duang folk girl who is influenced by the piety of monks and provides them with fast food. Monks "train birds in the forest and nourish their spirits in the water", and the beautiful natural environment of Lushan and Qionghai finally makes them "make great achievements". Duan lifted up his head and followed them to heaven. Duan's daughter was worshipped by later generations as "looking up to heaven"; Since then, the tree has been half withered and half glorious. Although it has experienced thousands of years of wind and rain, it still thrives like a cloud in black dragon, and it is very powerful. This story is vividly recorded in the existing inscription on Lushan Mountain by Guangfu Temple. Naturally, it is not difficult to point out a woman's footprint on this twisted thousand-year-old tree. This tree is old and exquisite. For thousands of years, it has been covered by stories through the careful carving of people's eyes.