The dolphin's body is short and thick. The puffer fish has very thin spines. Tough and thick puffer fish skin was once used to make helmets. The upper and lower teeth of puffer fish are connected together, like a sharp blade. This makes it easy for puffer fish to crush hard coral shells. Most puffer fish are tropical marine fish, and only a few species live in fresh water. Once the puffer fish is threatened, it will swallow water or air to expand its body into a prickly ball, making it difficult for natural enemies to shut up. The internal organs of many species of puffer fish contain a neurotoxin that can kill people. Someone has measured the toxicity of tetrodotoxin. Its toxicity is equivalent to 125 times that of the highly toxic drug sodium cyanide! It only takes .48 mg to kill people! In fact, the muscles of puffer fish do not contain toxins. The most poisonous parts of puffer fish are ovary and liver, followed by kidney, blood, eyes, gills and skin. The toxicity of puffer fish is also related to its reproductive cycle. The puffer fish with eggs in late spring and early summer is the most toxic. This toxin can make people nervous paralysis, vomiting, cold limbs, and then stop heartbeat and breathing. At home and abroad, there are reports of eating puffer fish and dying. Although it is risky to taste puffer fish, it is very delicious because of its taste. Therefore, there are still many gluttons who desperately eat puffer fish. The most popular country to eat puffer fish in the world is Japan. There are puffer fish restaurants in major cities in Japan. Chefs have to undergo strict professional training. In the graduation exam, the chef should eat the puffer fish cooked by himself. Therefore, some people who are not too skilled are afraid to take the exam and run away. The puffer fish swims very slowly. This is because most fish usually have swimming muscles in the back half of their bodies. The puffer fish had to paddle with its dorsal fin and caudal fin swinging from side to side. The teeth of puffer fish are very similar to those of spiny dolphin. The puffer fish's teeth fuse into a beak. Teeth in the upper and lower palates are used to crush mollusks and corals. The puffer fish devours the living parts of these creatures together with marine life such as crabs, worms and barnacles. There are more than 1 species of puffer fish distributed all over the world. The puffer fish has a small mouth and a round head, a dark brown back and a white abdomen. The big one is 1 meter long and weighs about 1 kilograms. Its eyes are usually blue-green, and it can automatically change color with the change of light. There are not many bones, and the dorsal fin and ventral fin are very soft, but they have two rows of sharp teeth, which can crush hard-shelled foods such as clams, oysters and sea urchins.

According to Shan Hai Jing Bei Shan Jing, as early as 4, years ago, people along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River tasted puffer fish and knew it was poisonous. More than 2, years ago, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River belonged to wuyue during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and wuyue was rich in puffer fish. After the success of Wu Wang, puffer fish was regarded as the best food. Wu Wang even compared puffer fish with beauty Xi Shi, whose liver was called "Xi Shi Gan" and whose testis was called "Xi Shi Ru". People's custom of tasting puffer fish is even worse than that of today's Japanese. Especially when tasting puffer fish testis, I don't know how to describe the feeling that it is as white as milk, plump and delicious, and it melts in the mouth. Some people think of the beauty of Yue, Xi Shi, so "Xi Shi Ru" has spread among the people. In the fifth year of Jingyou in the Song Dynasty (AD 138), the famous poet Mei Yaochen was at Fan Zhongyan's table. When his colleagues vividly described the puffer fish, he couldn't help but improvise a poem: "Buds are born in the spring state, and poplars fly on the spring shore. When puffer fish is in season, you can't count the fish and shrimp … ",Li Shizhen also mentioned that Yan Youyi, a poet of the Song Dynasty, said in Yi Yuan orpiment:" Puffer fish, the strange taste of the aquarium, has been passed down from generation to generation to kill people, and the rest are kept in Danyang and Xuancheng, which is eaten by native households. However, no one was found dead when it was cooked with leek, Artemisia selengensis and Zizania latifolia. " Li Shizhen (1518-1593), a Ming Dynasty pharmacologist, spent 3 years searching for more than 6 masterpieces from the ancient Yan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, and comprehensively summarized the achievements of China's pharmacology from the 21st century BC to the 16th century BC. In his masterpiece Compendium of Materia Medica, he said: "According to the ancient book Shan Hai Jing Bei Shan Jing, which was originated in Dayu, completed in Xia and perfected in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Ma Zhi, a native of Song Dynasty (about 968), said in "Kaibao Materia Medica" that puffer fish are found in the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Yellow River and sea. Throughout the ages, with the changes of ecological environment, the rivers and estuaries of the Huaihe River and the Yellow River have changed many times, and the old course of the Yellow River is still left in Lianshui, Jiangsu Province. Now Hongze, Huaiyin, Huai 'an, Jinhu and Funing in Jiangsu are all located in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River, but people have never seen puffer fish in the Yellow River and Huaihe River. According to the author's investigation, people on both sides of the Yellow River basin and Huaihe River, including northern Jiangsu, don't know puffer fish at all and won't eat puffer fish. However, people in Yangzhong area of southern Jiangsu in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River generally know puffer fish and are addicted to puffer fish. The puffer fish food culture inherited so far is completely in tune with the descriptions of Su Dongpo and Mei Yaochen. From the description of the distribution, ecological habits, external morphology and behavior of puffer fish by the ancients, the puffer fish in "desperate eating puffer fish" should refer to the fugu obscurus, which entered the Yangtze River from the ocean in spring for reproductive migration.

Yan Song's story about eating puffer fish

The puffer fish is a poisonous fish, and its blood, viscera and ovaries are highly toxic. People who eat the puffer fish by mistake often die, even those who rely on themselves to cross the sea are often poisoned to death due to carelessness and improper handling. Many folk legends have also been deduced because of the poison of the boat fish. In the Ming Dynasty, Yan Song, a greedy and treacherous power minister, took a fisherman's girl as his concubine from Penglai, Shandong Province when she was in her 8s. Tired of eating delicacies and delicacies, Yan Song's subordinates planned a boat banquet for his wedding banquet to show their flattery and get Yan Song's approval, so they took the boat fish with them and rushed to Beijing with the chef hired from Shandong. Just in case, go with the young father-in-law as a guarantee. On the wedding day, guests such as dignitaries, dignitaries and local dignitaries gathered to congratulate and be very lively. When the last delicious stewed fish was served on the table, the drooling guests scrambled for food, and in a blink of an eye, a large plate of fish was already in the mouth. Just as everyone was not fully appreciating the delicious taste of the boat fish, there was a young man in robes and scholar-like appearance at a table by the window on the south side of the middle, who fell to the ground in vain, foaming at the mouth and convulsing and unconscious. "Someone is poisoned!" The wedding reception was an uproar and chaos. Yan Song's minions went straight to the kitchen to catch the cook, but none of them were found, and neither was the "father-in-law". In a panic, Yan Song flew into a rage and asked the concubine, "How to detoxify?" The concubine said, "Only yellow soup." Yan Song asked, "What is yellow soup?" The concubine said, "That's dung." Yan Song immediately ordered to go to the toilet to carry manure. In order to detoxify and survive, the guests forgot their face and dignity. Everyone picked up the bowl, raised their necks, closed their eyes and drank the manure. They vomited all the food such as fish and fish that had been robbed of food, and even poured out their insides. The wedding banquet was stinking, messy and moaning. It is said that the villagers who came to Beijing for the first time, after finishing the dish of boat and fish, all ran to the street corner to watch the scenery slip, and they were captured alive. Just as he was about to plead guilty, the man who fell to the ground woke up and told the truth. It turned out that the scholar went out to urinate during the dinner, and when he came back, the boat and the fish were swept away, and suddenly the atmosphere was born, and the old illness of epilepsy recurred ... At this time, people suddenly realized. This is the story of "Huangtang" detoxicating fish poison (there is a similar story in the novel "Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses", that is, the forty-third time the jade bottle polluted sheep fat and jade, and the beautiful concubine died of bad breath). The toxic component of puffer fish is tetrodotoxin, which is a neurotoxin. People can die if they eat .5mg-3mg of dolphin poison. The liver, spleen, kidney, ovary, testis, eyeball, skin and blood of puffer fish are all toxic. Eggs, ovaries and liver are the most poisonous, followed by kidneys, blood, eyes and skin. The toxin is heat-resistant, and can not be destroyed at 1℃ for 8 hours, and can only be destroyed at 12℃ for 1 hour, nor can it be destroyed by salting and sun exposure. Spring is the spawning season of puffer fish every year, when the fish is the most toxic, so spring is the high incidence season of puffer fish poisoning. China's Measures for Hygienic Management of Aquatic Products clearly stipulates that "puffer fish are highly toxic and shall not enter the market. Captured toxic fish, such as puffer fish, should be picked out and boxed and specially stored. Therefore, puffer fish should not be eaten. Only a few people are desperate to eat puffer fish, but most people are poisoned because they don't know puffer fish and accidentally eat it.