As far as the west is concerned, it is said that when Alexander the Great made an expedition to Egypt around the 4th century BC, he preserved the winter snow in the Alps and used it to freeze and eat fruit or juice, thus improving the morale of soldiers. There are also records that Palestinians use ice and snow to drive away the heat in caves or canyons. Among all kinds of statements, the most convincing one began in China. 1292, after traveling in China, Kelpolo wrote the Oriental Notes, which recorded that he brought his favorite formula of frozen milk back to Venice and spread it in northern Italy. Kyle Poirot introduced the traditional frozen food from the East to the West, and further developed and industrialized it, thus giving birth to today's ice cream.
Frozen milk, which was eaten in China a long time ago, was introduced to the west by Kyle Polo, but it is as popular all over the world as it is today. This is the first "cafe" opened near Paris 1660. Italian Cotailys added spices to oranges or lemons to make juice, then frozen it and sold it.
But at this time, there are large ice crystals in the product, which are closer to frozen juice than ice cream. The first product with small and soft ice crystals like today was made by the chef of King Louis of France in 1774.
At this time, it is called cream ice. Later, with the widespread use of concentrated milk, condensed milk, milk powder and other raw materials, it began to be called ice cream. Subsequently, ice cream was introduced to Britain and America through France, and was gradually recognized by people.
★ 185 1 year, in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, milk merchant Jacob forssell industrialized ice cream.
He established a factory in Baltimore, USA, and began to produce ice cream in large quantities at the earliest. With the help of the inventions of 1899 homogenizer, 1902 circulating refrigerator and 19 13 continuous refrigerator, the industrialization of ice cream has developed rapidly all over the world.
On the other hand, ice cream cones made their debut at the 1904 World Expo in St. Louis.
In the first century BC, the Greek king Alexander led an army into Persia (now Iran). In Iran, due to the hot weather, some soldiers suffered from heatstroke, which greatly weakened the combat effectiveness of the troops.
"What can I do? Yes, go to the mountain and get some snow! "
The soldiers mixed fruit juice and grape juice into the snow, stirred them and drank them all at once.
"It's so comfortable!"
Later, when the Roman emperor Nero was in the heat, he also learned the method invented by Alexander, which asked his servants to retrieve ice and snow from the nearby mountains and add honey and juice to quench their thirst. This is a precedent for making ice cream.
The real making of ice cream with cream began in China. 1295, China yuan dynasty official Kyle? Polo brought an iced food formula made of fruit, snow and milk back to Italy from China, and there was a new breakthrough in cold drinks in Europe.
1550 or so, the Italians put ice and snow in the basin, and then put wine or juice in the ice and snow to cool it to clear away heat and relieve summer heat.
There is a Nancy in 1846? Johnson's people invented a crank ice cream machine. When making, add some salt or potassium nitrate to the ice and snow to make the temperature of the ice and snow lower, and then add milk, eggs, sugar and so on. Put it in a small bucket and keep stirring. After a while, the ice cream will be ready. Since then, people can make ice cream at home. 1904 in San Diego, USA? During the World Expo in Lewis, some people folded pancakes baked with eggs, milk and flour into cones and put ice cream in them for the participants to taste. Soon, this kind of ice cream cone became popular all over the world.
Looking back at history, 2000 BC ... history.
The history of ice cream
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, people began to make ice in summer.
In Song Dynasty, merchants began to add fruit or juice to cold food.
In the Yuan Dynasty, some people even added fruit pulp and milk to the ice.
4. 13 century, Kyle? Poirot brought the method of making ice cream to Italy, and the Italians spread it to France. The French invented a semi-solid ice cream-mixing cream, milk and spices and carving patterns to make the ice cream more colorful and delicious.
At this time, there are more and more kinds of ice cream, which has become a kind of food that everyone likes.
In the overwhelming cold advertisements in hot summer, there is always an ice cream that makes your heart beat. It is there, always full of temptation and irreplaceability.
The method of making ice cream was not brought to Italy by Italian traveler Kyle Poirot until the13rd century. Later, an Italian named Xia Erxin added orange juice and lemon juice to the recipe brought back by Kyle Polo. This drink is called "Xia Erxin" drink.
1553, when the late king Henry II of France got married, he invited an Italian chef who could make ice cream. His innovative ice milk opened the eyes of the French. Later, a brave Italian introduced ice cream to France. 1560, the personal chef of Queen Catherine of France invented a semi-solid ice cream to change the queen's taste. He mixed cream, milk and spices and carved patterns to make ice cream more colorful and delicious.
Ice cream probably developed from flavored water ice. In the 4th century BC, Alexander I used ice and snow to freeze his wine. In 62 AD, the Roman emperor Nero sent his slaves to the mountains to collect ice and snow, and then frozen them with pulp and honey. Among the many discoveries of Kyle's trip to the Far East, there is a recipe for frozen dessert including milk.
Although these early mixtures were very similar to ice, frost and dew, they had a far-reaching impact on the production of ice cream. The fact that ice cream first appeared in Europe in the16th century has been accepted by the public. However, no one has been confirmed to have found this delicious food.
The first record of ice cream appeared in Britain in 1769. /kloc-In the mid-9th century, edin dzeko forssell, a milk distributor in Bartimo, decided to make ice cream to deal with the excess cream. Soon he found that his ice cream business was far more profitable than the milk business, so he used all the equipment to make ice cream and opened several other ice cream factories. Today, he is regarded as a wholesaler in America.
1, foreign situation
The development of cold drinks must start with the development of refrigeration technology. The Englishman Fairchild first invented refrigeration technology. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, he made the world's first compressor with ether as refrigerant. With the early British colonists entering the United States, he also brought the production technology of ice cream into the United States. 185 1 year, an ice cream factory was built in America. During the period of 1860- 1872, French cabbage, Bora of the United States and Linde of Germany successively invented compressors with ammonia as refrigerant, and the production technology of frozen storage and frozen drinks changed fundamentally for a long time. Swede Laval invented the thin cream separator, which played a decisive role in the production of high-fat ice cream. 1890, American babcock invented the pasteur fat bottle. It promotes the detection of fat content in milk, thin cream and ice cream. 1909- 19 12, the Frenchman Goering made the first high-pressure homogenization pump, which played a key role in improving the texture and expansion rate of ice cream. 19 17, the British Jonnier Brothers Company invented the technology of measuring the expansion rate of ice cream, which played a guiding role in improving the expansion rate. By 1920, the taste and nutritional value of ice cream were generally recognized, and since then, ice cream has been very popular with the public. 192 1 year, Japan began to produce American ice cream; From 65438 to 0926, the American Food Research Institute further studied the sterilization method of the mixture, and because of the improvement of refrigeration, the development of transportation, the popularization of household refrigerators, the improvement of packaging, the establishment of chain sales network and the improvement of ice cream ingredient standards, consumers can buy ice cream everywhere, and cold drinks bloom everywhere in the world.
At present, the means of production have been controlled by computer and realized automation. Famous manufacturers specializing in the production of cold drinks in the world include GLACER and CREPAC0, members of APV Company in the United States, HOYER of Alfa Laval Group in Sweden and MAKE Company in Italy. At present, the world's largest ice cream producer is the United States, with an annual output of more than 8 million tons and a per capita income of more than 40 kilograms. In recent two years, the output of cold drinks in China has been hovering around 6.5438+0.2 million tons, with a per capita of about 0.9 kg, which is far from the developed countries and has development prospects.
2. Domestic situation
The development of China's cold drink industry can be roughly divided into four stages.
The first stage (1927- 1950)
From 65438 to 0927, American businessman Haining Sheng opened Haining Foreign Firm in Shanghai, producing popsicles by mechanical methods, and was the driest cold drink manufacturer in China. At that time, the products were cylindrical, and the daily output was only 2000-3000. In 1932, the factory changed the popsicle mold to a flat shape. In addition to fruit flavor, popsicle varieties also produce red beans, mung bean popsicles, 2000g canned ice cream, 320g tricolor and vanilla ice cream, bicolor paper cups and purple ice cream.
1948, the factory was resold to the pseudo-logistics department (now Yimin Food Factory No.1), and then established a joint venture with Jardine Egg Factory in the UK to continue to produce the above products, with the registered trademark of "Meipai". This class produces 12 tons of popsicles and ice cream, and more than 2 tons of ice cream. This is the largest cold drink factory in China before liberation, and its output accounts for more than 70% of the whole country.
The second stage (195 1- 1980)
The cold drink food industry has expanded to all parts of the country, and technical exchanges have been carried out throughout the country. The annual output of cold drinks has reached about 80 thousand tons, which can be called the stage of production development and technical exchange.
The third stage (198 1- 1990)
Many manufacturers introduced foreign advanced equipment and increased varieties, with an annual output of 544,000 tons. At this stage, technology introduction and technical consultation are quite active, which can be called extensive exchange and innovation.
The fourth stage (199 1- now)
Foreign investors come to China to invest, establish joint ventures, set up joint ventures and set foot in private enterprises, with an annual output of 6,543,800 tons and more than 3,000 varieties. This stage can be called the rapid development stage.
At present, the domestic cold drink market is divided into three parts: foreign-funded enterprises occupy most of the high-end market, inherent enterprises occupy the mid-end market, and most township enterprises and private enterprises occupy the low-end market. Guangdong, Beijing and Shanghai are the three regions with the most concentrated production and sales, accounting for 25% of the national sales.