1 Ordinary families and non-elderly families
It is best to put the family first aid kit at the bedside.
Every family in Japan has a "disaster preparedness emergency kit", which contains drinking water, compressed food, radios, commonly used medicines, commonly used equipment and simple tents. Many families in Europe and America also have first aid kits, which contain mineral water, biscuits, whistles, flashlights and towels. Every family in our country should have a first aid kit, which can be used not only to deal with all kinds of sudden disasters, but also for accidental injuries. The first aid kit should be placed in the most active place at ordinary times, and the first choice is the bedside of the bedroom. If there is an earthquake or fire at night, you can get the first aid kit while sleeping and run it in the shortest time. The general first aid kit is 1- 15 kg.
Gauze bandage is an essential medical article.
The most important thing in the first aid kit is to put some emergency medical and health supplies. You can put the following ten necessary emergency medical items:
1. Triangle scarf: A large triangular gauze, which can be used to wrap the head and back when it is broken, or to fix the broken or injured hand around the neck.
2. Medical elastic bandage: commonly used medical bandage, used when dressing wounds.
3. Medical absorbent gauze: commonly used medical gauze, used to stop bleeding and cover wounds.
4. Iodophor cotton swab: an individually packaged disinfection swab with a cotton swab on it, a hollow tube in the middle and iodine in the tube, which is used for cleaning and disinfecting small wounds without cross infection.
5. Band-aid: 10 tablets.
6. Medical tape: common medical tape, used for dressing wounds.
7. Cleaning wipes: used to clean the skin.
8. First aid manual: cartoon first aid knowledge of image.
9. External spraying: it plays the role of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.
10. Refreshing cream or iced mineral water: mainly for children. Children's thermoregulation system is not perfect, and they are prone to high fever and convulsions. When the body temperature is lower than 38.5℃, these items can be used to cool the forehead, arteries and other places to play a physical cooling role.
How to deal with accidents
Eye injury-do not wash with clean water.
Injuries, cuts, burns, fishbones and throat are common accidental injuries in the family. Experts say that every family member should have first aid knowledge and be prepared for emergencies.
After injury, it is easy to cause eyeball foreign body injury, eyeball rupture, traumatic cataract, glaucoma, intraocular hemorrhage, retinal detachment, eyeball atrophy and so on. Once you are injured, don't panic, you can gently cover it with clean gauze, and don't wash your eyes with water; Don't press the broken eyeball hard, because the contents of the damaged eyeball may flow out under pressure. No matter how skilled the doctor is, he can't save the eyeball that has lost most of its contents, so he can only perform eyeball removal with regret.
Finger cuts-self-spraying is not recommended.
If the finger cuts and bleeds less and the injury is not serious, it can be applied to the wound with a band-aid after cleaning. It is not recommended to apply mercurochrome or hemostatic powder to the wound, as long as the wound is kept clean. If the wound is big and the bleeding doesn't stop, stop the bleeding first and then rush to the hospital immediately. The specific hemostasis method is: wrap the wound with clean gauze, hold the two sides of the finger root and hold it high above the heart, because the blood vessels here are distributed on the left and right sides, this gesture can effectively stop bleeding. Rubber tourniquet will be more effective, but it should be noted that tourniquet must be relaxed for a few minutes every 20-30 minutes, otherwise it is easy to cause finger ischemia and necrosis.
Cerebral Hemorrhage —— Ensure the vomit to flow out smoothly
There is a cerebral hemorrhage at home, so family members should restrain their feelings. Don't shout or shake the unconscious person violently in order to wake up the patient, otherwise it will only worsen the condition quickly. The patient should lie flat on the bed. Due to the increase of brain pressure, such patients are prone to jet vomiting. If the vomit is not removed in time, coma patients with cerebral hemorrhage may suffocate and die because of vomit blocking the airway. Therefore, the patient's head must be turned to one side so that vomit can flow out of the mouth. In the meantime, call 120 and 999 immediately.
2 Families where the elderly live
At present, nine out of ten elderly people suffer from cardiovascular diseases.
In addition to the drugs that need to be taken according to the doctor's advice, you may wish to prepare more nitroglycerin at ordinary times. Once you feel chest tightness, heart discomfort or angina pectoris, you should take it immediately. Li said that now that nitroglycerin has a new spray, it is more convenient to spray it twice. If parents suffer from cerebrovascular diseases, their children can prepare some angong Niuhuang pills at home. If they find signs of stroke, such as sudden slurred speech and inability to speak, it's best to let them take one.
Digestive drugs: poor gastrointestinal function is also a common problem for the elderly. On the one hand, they are prone to flatulence after eating, so they can prepare some gastrointestinal motility drugs like motilium; On the other hand, constipation is not a big problem, but many elderly people die suddenly. Therefore, some laxatives should be prepared, such as kaiselu.
Sphygmomanometer, blood glucose meter: blood pressure medicine, the elderly with bad ears had better choose electronic medicine, and the accuracy is generally no problem. When you feel dizzy, chest tightness and other uncomfortable symptoms, you'd better measure them in time. In addition, it is best to measure blood pressure after getting up in the morning so as to find abnormalities earlier. Blood glucose meter is an essential thing for diabetic patients, and it can be measured anytime and anywhere when you are uncomfortable.
Oxygen bag: it is recommended that patients with heart disease or poor lung function prepare one. However, it should be noted that the oxygen bag can only solve the "temporary pain". Once the symptoms are relieved, you must go to a regular hospital.
Thermometer: The sensitivity of the elderly to temperature changes is not as good as before, and most of the time they won't feel that they have a fever. Therefore, when the elderly are depressed and have no appetite, it is best to measure their body temperature first to see if they have a fever. Moreover, fever is the "Depth Charge" of many major diseases, so we can't be careless.
In addition, drugs for colds, fever, cough and asthma can also be used for many years.
Many elderly people suddenly get sick, so we should pay attention to the placement and use of small medicine boxes at home: first, children should put the medicine boxes at the bedside of the elderly, and if they get sick at night, they can reach out and get them. Second, check the expired drugs every 3 months. Third, try to choose over-the-counter drugs, because they are generally effective and easy to use. It is best to use fewer and more refined drugs, and not too much. The most important thing is to see if it can "get rid of the disease".
I hope I can help you!