Portugal Lisbon 1. Portugal Lisbon earthquake time: November 1, 1755 Magnitude: about 9. The Lisbon earthquake is the largest earthquake in Europe so far.

It happened on the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean dozens of kilometers away from Lisbon.

The city of Lisbon was extremely damaged, with about 70,000 people dead.

The earthquake caused a tsunami nearly 30 meters high that hit the coast of Lisbon and caused damage to the coasts of Britain, North Africa and the Netherlands.

Considerable waves have been observed even in Central America.

214 years after this earthquake occurred, on February 28, 1969, another magnitude 8 earthquake occurred in the west of this sea area.

Lisbon has a population of 600,000, and the surrounding satellite cities have a population of about 2,100,000. It is the country's political and economic center and the largest port. It is located in the westernmost part of the European continent and has very frequent traffic with Latin America, West Africa and the Mediterranean.

Lisbon has preserved its inherent traditions and continues to restore and renovate historic buildings and sculptures. The landscape of its medieval streets still exists today.

400 years ago, Lisbon was the center of the most powerful empire in the world. However, due to the decline of the political and economic environment, it has gradually faded away from the international stage in recent centuries.

From 1255 AD, Lisbon became the capital of the Portuguese Empire. The end of the 15th century was the most prosperous period for Portugal and Lisbon. Portuguese sailing explorers traveled throughout Asia, Africa and South America.

On November 1, 1755, a major earthquake occurred in Lisbon, which caused the glory to disappear in an instant. Nearly 1/5 of the people were killed and 2/3 of the city was destroyed. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Marquis de Pombo, reconstruction began to complete a new Catholic style.

Plazas and churches are built, giving Lisbon a new look.

Lisbon is not large and is a very walkable city, dotted with parks and cafes among the buildings.

There are not many historical monuments in the city, but due to proper preservation, some large monasteries, palaces and castles are well worth a visit.

In addition, the lively areas include Chiado District, Rossio Square, Alfama District... and so on.

Although the suburb of Belien is a bit far from Lisbon, it does have a lot of museums and monuments, making it a must-visit attraction during your trip to Lisbon.

The glory of the Portuguese Empire is still preserved here. From the well-maintained museums and monuments, you can recall the prosperity and luxury of the empire in those days.

Indonesia - Sumatra 2. Earthquake in Sumatra, Indonesia Time: December 26, 2004 Magnitude: 8.5 The strongest magnitude 9.0 earthquake in the earth's 40 years occurred at 8 a.m. local time on December 26 in the sea north of Sumatra, Indonesia, and triggered

A thunderous tsunami hit many countries in Southeast Asia and South Asia.

Huge waves swept across the coasts of Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, the Maldives and Bangladesh.

A 10-meter-high wave swept across the Indian Ocean coast. Many local residents and tourists on beach vacations were caught off guard and drowned.

Sumatra is the westernmost large island in Indonesia and the sixth largest island in the world.

The island covers an area of ??470,000 square kilometers.

Sumatra runs northwest-southeast, crossing the equator in the middle, and consists of two areas: the Barisan Mountains in the northwest and the swamps in the east.

The southwest of Sumatra faces Java Island across the Sunda Strait, the north faces the Malay Peninsula across the Malacca Strait, the east faces Borneo across the Karimata Strait, and the west faces the Indian Ocean.

The Barisan Mountains run across the island of Sumatra.

Coal and gold deposits were discovered in the area.

Minerals erupted by volcanoes fertilize the soil.

The mountain scenery is beautiful and charming, such as the area around Lake Toba.

In the east, powerful rivers carried silt downstream, creating vast flatlands dotted with swamps and lakes.

Although there is little arable land in this area, which is unfavorable for agriculture, its importance to Indonesia's economic development cannot be underestimated because "oil is produced on the ground and oil is produced underground": palm oil and petroleum.

In ancient times, most of Sumatra was covered by tropical forests, which were once the habitats of valuable flora and fauna (orangutans, tigers, tapirs, Rafflesia, etc.).

Unfortunately, corrupt authorities and illegal forest development have put these pristine forests at risk of destruction.

Even so-called “protected areas” are being logged.

San Francisco, United States 3. United States San Francisco earthquake time: April 18, 1906 Magnitude: 8.3 The San Francisco earthquake is the most devastating earthquake in the United States to date, with a magnitude of about 8.3.

The earthquake was felt over 1 million square kilometers.

The earthquake occurred along the famous San Andreas Fault.

The fault zone created on the ground is about 300 kilometers long, and its displacement mode is almost horizontal. In some places, the horizontal displacement range is up to 7 meters, while the vertical displacement range is very small.

The damage zone of this earthquake extended very long along the fault zone, but no damage could be seen 50 kilometers away from the fault zone.

Due to the repeated triangulation data across the fault before and after the earthquake, the deformation and displacement data of the source fault before and after the earthquake were obtained.