Design is a shaping activity with aesthetic feeling, use and memory functions.
The word "design" is the Japanese translation of the word "design". When translating the word "design" in Japanese, besides the word "design", there are also words such as "design", "pattern", "form" and "shape".
So when we understand what "design" is, we can explain these words first:
English design comes from the Latin de-sinare, which means "making signs". /kloc-In the 6th century, desegno in Italy began to have the meaning of today's design, and was later quoted by English through the intermediary of French, which became the design in today's English. In English, design has:
A. design and make a plan.
B. Draw a sketch and gradually complete a beautiful design or work.
C. appointment and cooperation for a certain purpose.
D. planning and planning.
E. intention.
F. use stamp icon to represent and confirm events.
By analogy, items A and B are the closest to the design in the design field. In Japanese, "artist" means "idea processing" and thinks that design work is the work of idea processing. "Pattern" is relative to "copywriting", which means: explaining in words; Mode means: give an example. In other words, drawing is enough to explain how the work is done, and then generally refers to expressive graphic production.
In Japanese, the composition of Chinese characters refers to the combination of things (including articles, images, events, etc.). ) and the pursuit of formal accuracy and aesthetic activities. "Shaping" refers to the generation of "shape", that is, the creation of environment, form and image.
In Japanese, "design" means to set specific goals and then use (manufacture) objects to achieve them as planned. But the word "design" is more interesting to explain in Chinese.
At & lt& amplt； Explain the word &; gt； & ampgt； In, "set"; The meaning of the word 〈 Ji 〉 is as follows: set: also, from the words and services, people are also. Set means flag display. The meaning of a speech is to end with words. Easement refers to something that can be transported and rotated, which means labor. From words to service, it means to express the meaning of serving people with words. Count: I will, I will (calculate), I will follow the words. Meters represent totals and calculations. Words mean thinking. Ten refers to a specific number (relative to the number of images taken). The side from word to ten is to express thinking and use words to complete the calculation of specific numbers.
Therefore, in Chinese, "design" means "artificially set, first calculated, then estimated". This definition is actually another more commonly used word in Chinese: "build", which is also called "building" or "building" in Japanese, while "building" in Chinese at present. Just as the word "design" was translated from Chinese characters in Japanese and returned to Chinese as a daily language.
However, from the perspective of the development of western design, before the rise of modern design, design was not only equal to architecture, but also equal to art. Especially in the process of western art history and the education of the Royal Academy of Art, from the Renaissance, architectural expertise was gradually formed, combined with the inheritance of painting expertise and sculpture expertise, which were collectively called plastic arts and design.
From this point of view, it is easier for us to understand the definition and explanation of "design is a shaping activity or architectural activity with aesthetic feeling, use and commemorative function".
Generally speaking, aesthetic experience, use function and memorial function will be different in degree and object. At the same time, the so-called aesthetic experience and use function are not only felt and judged by creators, but also judged by producers and consumers. The memorial function is often quite different for different objects.
On the other hand, since the industrial revolution in the19th century, the purely handmade art (painting and sculpture) has gradually been distinguished from architectural design, poster design or product design. The former is handmade, one at a time; The latter is produced by machinery, which can produce dozens, hundreds and thousands of the same things. The former is called pure art and handicraft, while the latter is called design. But no matter how to distinguish, whether it is pure art, handicraft, architecture or design, it must meet the conditions of "having aesthetic experience, using function and commemorative function"
Visual communication design is a design major that uses words, symbols and shapes to capture beauty, capture and express images, express ideas and attempts, and then achieve the effect of communication and persuasion.
Perhaps we have different views on the so-called "aesthetic feeling", but there is no doubt that design should capture aesthetic feeling, especially visual communication design (that is, graphic design).
Understanding the definition and concept of design will be the first step to understand design, which will help us understand the scope of responsibility as a quasi-graphic designer.
The idea of interior design
This paper analyzes the understanding of the meaning of interior design and its relationship with architectural design from different angles and different emphases. Many scholars have many profound insights, which are worth our serious consideration and reference. For example, they think that interior design is the continuation and deepening of architectural design and the re-creation of indoor space and environment. Interior design is considered as "the soul of architecture, the connection between man and environment, and the combination of human art and material civilization".
Mr. Dai Nianci, a senior architect in China, believes that the starting point and focus of architectural design is connotative architectural space, the spatial effect is the goal pursued by architectural art, and the interface, doors and windows are the necessary subsidiary parts of space. The subordinate part is the material basis of space and plays a decisive role in the perception of the use of connotation space, but it is a subordinate part after all. As for the appearance, it is only the inevitable result of the connotation space.
W. plattner, a master architect, thinks that interior design is "much more difficult than designing a building containing these internal spaces", because indoors "you have to deal with people more, study people's psychological factors and how to make them feel comfortable and excited. Experience has proved that this requires more experience and more specialized training than dealing with structures and building systems. "
G. Adam, the former president of American Association of Interior Designers, pointed out, "Interior design involves much more than simple decoration, and their concerns have extended to all aspects of life, such as the design of houses, offices, hotels and restaurants, the improvement of labor productivity, barrier-free design, the compilation of fire prevention specifications and energy-saving indicators, and the improvement of the utilization rate of public facilities such as hospitals, libraries and schools. In a word, it gives comfort and safety to all kinds of people in the indoor environment.
Belarusian architect e? Banomalieva (e? Ponomaleva) believes that interior design is to design "an artificial environment with visual limitations to meet people's physiological and spiritual requirements and ensure the needs of life and production activities", and interior design is also "the interdependence and close combination of function, spatial form, engineering technology and art".
Therefore, artists are closely related to design, creativity and conception. In Japanese architecture, architectural design drawings are called artists' drawings. (Added by Andy)
The word "craftsman" in Chinese is slightly similar to that in Japanese, but it is not exactly the same. In Chinese, "craftsman" mostly refers to the level of "skill". The respect for the craftsman spirit in Japanese culture makes the "craftsman" in Japanese also convey a little respect and affirmation for creative thinking.
(Andy screen name: Italian interior designer who graduated from Nanyang Technological University in 2008)
(Art Station, founded in August 20 12, is a light blog website focusing on sharing excellent design works)