The Mongols established the Yuan Dynasty

1. About the Mongolian Empire and the Yuan Dynasty

The Mongolian Empire and the Yuan Dynasty are two concepts that are easily confused by many people in China, which are interrelated and different.

At the beginning of the 13th century, in the conflict between (Southern) Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, the nomadic Mongolians in the northern grassland grew stronger. In 126, Mongolian tribes elected Temujin as Khan, the famous Genghis Khan. The political entity led by Genghis Khan is the first Mongolian military slavery country in history-Mongolian khanate or Great Mongolia. Its territory at that time started from Xing 'anling in the east, Altai Mountain in the west, Great Desert in the south and Lake Baikal in the north. The establishment of the Mongolian khanate was the beginning of the Mongolian military expansion in the true sense. Since then, the brave Mongolian fighters have pushed the border to the west on a large scale.

From 129 to 1218, the Mongols conquered Gaochang Uighur and Xiliao successively, which opened the door for them to advance into Central Asia and Europe. Then came the three large-scale bloody western expeditions of the Mongols. The three expeditions to the west laid most of the territory of this world-wide empire, bringing Russia and most of Europe, the eastern Mediterranean, the two river basins, Persia and northwest India into the sphere of influence.

On the territory of these empires, Genghis Khan's children and grandchildren ruled the famous Great Khan countries in history. In fact, several great khanates are only a consortium under military conquest, and they have independently developed into several countries that are not unified.

The Yuan Dynasty was established on the basis that the Mongols broke into the Central Plains and defeated the Southern Song Dynasty, and brought the land of China into the chess game of nomadic people.

the Jin dynasty was the ancestor of the Qing dynasty. Nurhachi, founded by jurchen, was called Khan in p>1616, and the title was Dajin in history.

In p>1636, Huang taiji changed his title to Qing, and he became emperor.

In p>1644, the founding monarch was Nurhachi.

The establishment of the post-Jin regime.

. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty wanted to suppress the remnants of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, so the Ming Dynasty set up the Far East Command Division in Manchuria and began to control the tribes of the Jurchen Department.

Timur (the sixth ancestor of Nuerhachi), the fierce elder brother of the Nuzhen nationality, was the commander-in-chief of the Wei Zuo state in the Ming Dynasty. The tribes in the north were powerful and oppressed the state in the south. Mengge Timur was killed, and the Jianzhou Department was forced to move south, and finally settled in Hetuala.

after the relocation to the south, the Jianzhou Department was in close contact with the Central Plains, the social productivity was significantly improved, and the economy was prosperous, and the Eight Banners system was established immediately. At this time, Nurhachi was the leader of the Jianzhou Department in the Ming Dynasty. In 1583 (the 11th year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty), Nuerhachi attacked the seal as the commander, and with thirteen copies left by his ancestors and fathers, he successively merged four departments of Haixi, conquered the Nuzhen in the East China Sea and unified the various departments of Nuzhen scattered in Manchuria.

in p>1616 (forty-four years of Wanli reign in Ming dynasty), Nurhachi called Khan in Hetuala, established Dajin (known as Houjin in history), and changed his destiny.

in p>1618 (three years of destiny, forty-six years of Wanli in Ming dynasty), Nurhachi published an essay entitled "Seven Great Hatreds", and began to openly fight against Ming dynasty.

the establishment and entry of the Qing dynasty

in p>1626, Nurhachi was wounded by the artillery of the Ming army in the battle of Ningyuan and died soon. The eighth son Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne.

in p>1636, Huang taiji proclaimed himself emperor in Shenyang, changed his name to Qing dynasty, and changed his name to yuan dynasty to worship Germany, and the Qing dynasty was formally established. In 1643, Huang Taiji died of illness, and his ninth son, Fu Lin, succeeded to the throne for Emperor Shunzhi.

in p>1644, the peasant army of Li Zicheng overthrew the rule of Ming dynasty, and Emperor Chongzhen of Ming dynasty committed suicide. Wu Sangui led the Qing army into Shanhaiguan to defeat the peasant army. In the same year (the first year of Shunzhi), Dourgen welcomed Emperor Shunzhi into the customs, ascended the throne again in Beijing, and made Beijing his capital. The Qing court successively suppressed the remnants of the peasant army and the anti-Qing armed forces in Nanming, and gradually unified the whole country. In the process of unifying the whole country in the Qing Dynasty, because it was stipulated that everyone had to shave their hair and change clothes, they met with armed resistance from some Han people and other ethnic groups in the south, and there were incidents of killing soldiers and civilians in the south of the Yangtze River, such as the 1th Yangzhou massacre and the 3rd Jiading massacre. In order to resist the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong also captured Taiwan Province occupied by Dutch colonists in 1661.