crouching means entering the dog days. "Three Geng's head falls in the summer solstice", which is the basis for establishing the first fall. The almanac stipulates: "On the third day of the summer solstice, you will count several volts", which means that you will count backwards from the summer solstice, and you will begin to crouch on the third day of the summer solstice. The "Gengri" here refers to the day when the prefix "Geng" was used in the ancient "Ganzhi Jiri Law".

The date of Geng Day is changeable and not fixed, so the date of lodging is different every year, but the date of lodging is always between July 11th and July 2th. From the fourth to the fifth Geng day, it is middling, and from the first Geng day to the second Geng day after beginning of autumn, it is terminal. Every Geng day is 1 days apart, and the number of midsummer days is not fixed. Between the summer solstice and beginning of autumn, there are 4 Geng days, 1 days in midsummer, and 2 days in midsummer.

San Geng

In ancient China, the time was recorded by combining heavenly stems and earthly branches. There are 1 heavenly stems, which are A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren and Gui, and 12 earthly branches, which are Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai. Match the heavenly stems with the earthly branches, and you will get Jia Zi, Yi Chou, Bing Yin, Ding Mao ... and cross-match for 6 times, so it is called 6 flower Jia Zi. "Three Geng" is to meet three "Geng" characters, and it will be the first time on the third Geng day. Since there are 1 heavenly stems, there is a Geng Day every 1 days, such as Geng Zi Day, Geng Yin Day and Geng Chen Day. 365 days a year (366 days in leap year) is not an integer multiple of 1. One day this year is Geng Day, and next year is not necessarily Geng Day. Due to the uncertain change of Geng day, the date of lodging is different every year.

volts, divided into initial volts, intermediate volts and final volts, are called three volts. The dog days are the hottest period in a year, because the nights are getting shorter and the days are getting longer, and the sunshine is close to direct sunlight. But the summer solstice is not the hottest time, because at this time, the heat absorbed by the ground radiates a large part at night. However, there is more heat absorption and less heat dissipation every day, and it gets hotter every day. It will be the hottest in about 2 days when it reaches three volts.

The date of the dog days is from the summer solstice to the third Geng day, which is the first lie, the fourth Geng day to the fifth Geng day is the middle lie, and the first Geng day to the second Geng day after beginning of autumn is the last lie. Every Geng day is 1 days apart, and the number of midsummer days is not fixed. Between the summer solstice and beginning of autumn, there are 4 Geng days, 1 days in midsummer, and 2 days in midsummer.

v means summer. From the summer solstice, the days began to get shorter and the nights began to get longer. There was a cold factor lurking in the middle of the heat, so it was very scientific to name it "Fu".

three volts

"three volts" refers to the initial, intermediate and final volts, which are about from mid-July to mid-August. After the summer solstice, although the days are getting shorter and the nights are getting longer, in a day, the days are longer than the nights. Every day, the ground absorbs more heat than it emits, and the temperature near the ground is getting higher every day. During the "three volts" period, the ground absorbs almost more heat than it emits, and the weather is the hottest. After that, the heat absorbed by the ground began to be less than the heat emitted by the ground, and the temperature gradually dropped. Therefore, the hottest time of the year generally appears in the "dog days" of the summer solstice.

from the third Geng day after the summer solstice, the first (1 days), middle (1 or 2 days) and last (1 days after the first Geng day after beginning of autumn) are the hottest days of the year.

Tang/Li Bai

went to Yunyang, and merchants were spared on both sides.

When Wu Niu is breathing on the moon, why bother tugboat?

you can't drink muddy water, and the pot pulp is half turned into soil.

when I sing the song of the governor, my heart breaks into tears.

ten thousand people cut a rock, and there is no reason to reach the river.

when you look at the stone awn, you hide your tears and grieve for the ages.

although Li Bai was unrestrained, he was eager to serve the country and save the people, so there were many works that cared about people's sufferings. This "Song of Ding Du's Protection" describes the pain of tugboat of civilian worker in hot summer. "Wu Niu breathes the moon" not only describes the unusually hot weather, but also the hard work of boatmen. This broad-minded poet, who has never shed tears in his life, has also "broken his heart like rain" here, showing his feelings of worrying about the country and the people.

asceticism

Tang/Wang Wei

The sun is all over the sky, and the fire clouds become mountains.

when all the plants and trees are scorched, all the rivers and rivers are dried up.

light clothes are heavy, while dense trees are bitter and thin.

you can't get close to Guan Yan, but you can't get close to him.

if you think out of the universe, you are vast.

when Wan Li comes, the rivers and seas are troubled.

but I didn't feel it until I took care of my own illness.

suddenly, I entered the manna gate, which made me feel cool and happy.

This poem describes the heat of the hot summer weather: the sun is in the sky, the grass is dry, even the light clothes feel heavy, and even the dense Woods feel that the shade is not enough to keep out the hot sun. Even Wang Wei, who has always been involved in Zen Buddhism and self-cultivation, wants to escape from the universe. The viciousness of summer can be seen.

Tang/Du Fu

On July 6th, it was bitter and steaming, but it was not enough to have a temporary meal.

I often worry about scorpions at night, but it turns into flies after autumn.

I want to shout wildly, so why bother to return the book?

looking at the pine tree in the south, it's a short valley, and it's safe to walk barefoot on the ice.

This poem is about the author's unbearable feelings on a hot summer day. Not only in the content, but also in the writing. The poem broke away from the routine of temperament, and four words were used at the beginning. In the third, fourth, seventh and eighth sentences, all the words were used, which saved the life greatly and made the belt crazy. After reading this poem, we can get a glimpse of one of Shaoling's "words don't astonish and die endlessly".

watching mowing wheat

Tang/Bai Juyi

Tian Jia has few free months, and people are twice as busy in May.

at night, when the south wind comes, the wheat turns yellow.

the mother-in-law is full of food, and the child is full of pot pulp.

Xiang went with Xiang Tian, and Ding Zhuang was in Nangang.

it's full of rustic heat, and the back burns in the sun.

I don't know the heat, but I regret the long summer.

there is a poor woman again, holding her son by her side.

the right hand holds the ear, and the left arm hangs the basket.

it's sad to hear what they care about.

I've lost all my taxes, so I'll take this to satisfy my hunger.

what merits do I have today? I never worked in agriculture and mulberry.

Li Lu has three hundred stones, and Yan has surplus grain at the age of one.

I'm ashamed to read this, and I can't forget it every day.

the poem "watching mowing wheat" was written in the second year of Yuanhe, Tang Xianzong (87). When Bai Juyi was 36 years old, he was appointed as the county commander of Yi County, Shaanxi Province, and he felt that the local people were working hard and living in poverty. "Foot steaming summer rustic, burning back the skylight. I don't know how hot it is, but I regret that summer is long. " These four sentences describe the wheat harvest positively. Their faces are facing the earth and their backs are facing the blue sky. The bottom is like a cage steaming, and the top is like a fire roasting. However, they use all their strength to wave their sickles and cut all the way forward. It seems that they have completely forgotten the heat, because this is "taking food from the tiger's mouth" and time must be seized. The work criticizes the heavy tax that caused the people's poverty, and feels deeply guilty that the poet himself can have enough food and clothing without doing anything, which shows the humanitarian spirit of a conscientious feudal official.

Climbing to the West Building in a Bitter Summer Night

Tang/Liu Zongyuan

Climbing to the West Building in a Bitter Midnight is the only way to get dressed.

the summer heat is condensed in the mountains, and the splendor of the stars and the Han dynasty shines.

when the fire crystal is dry, the wind will stop when the wild is quiet.

explore the soup and draw the yin well, and the stove will open the heavy door.

if you hesitate for a long time, you can't sweat.

don't argue about the poison in the pavilion, but complain about it.

I'm afraid it's not an aunt's shot, but it's better to be quiet than to be happy.

This poem was written during Liu Zongyuan's relegation to Yongzhou. It describes the author's scene and feelings of going upstairs to enjoy the cool in the middle of the night on a sweltering summer night. Therefore, the grievances are indescribable. The whole article closely follows the topic of the poem, combines realism with exaggeration, and writes "summer nights are bitter and hot" in every sentence, vividly describing the heat in Yongzhou and the author's irritability and complaints. The author is fascinated by things, skillfully uses metaphor and symbolism, which makes the poem meaningful. The heat of summer, the suffering of life, makes people feel pity and daunting.

Lao Ge

Song/Zhang Lei

In the summer, there is no rain in March, and the clouds are not the same.

no one in the deep hall has a nap, so when they move, they sweat like rain first.

I suddenly pity the people in the long street, and my bones are long and ten stone crossbows are long.

It is a career to cover your back, and to feed your children with money.

people's cattle and horses are made of tall wood, for fear that the cow's body will be inflamed.

it's hard for people to work in a long time, but it's not as good as cattle and horses.

Zhang Lei was an important litterateur in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, and was one of the four bachelor's degree students in Sumen. Zhang Lei was born in a poor family, and has been immersed in politics. He has a deep understanding of social reality and is very concerned about the working people. He has written many poems reflecting the people's sufferings. This song "Lao Ge" is one of his "Lyrics of Ancient Yuefu". The whole poem is based on materials close to reality. With simple and bright language, it expresses sympathy and pity for the lower-class workers who still have to work hard in hot summer days, and reflects the tragic fate of the working people from one side.

Summer Drought and Bitter Heat

Song/Wang Ling

The breeze can't kill the heat, and the sunset flies up the mountain with wings.

people are already afraid of the exhaustion of rivers and seas, so why should heaven not hesitate to do it?

there is snow at the height of Kunlun Mountain, but it is often cold at the distance of Penglai.

if you can't carry your hand around the world, why bother to swim in it?

Wang Ling was a talented poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, and was greatly appreciated by Wang Anshi. This seven-character poem "Summer Drought and Bitter Heat" is his masterpiece. Wang Ling's poem tries hard to be blunt, writing about summer and drought is compelling, and his imagination is strange but not strange. It is rare in the poems of Song people, which is rich in romanticism and has a strong realistic idea of saving the world and the people. Poems gallop imagination, won the Tang Dynasty "Shi Gui" Li Hezhi's marrow.

Song/Fan Chengda

There's no need to rush in the autumn as promised, and the wind will blow at the foot of the rain.

however, the summer sun is fading away, and the old scenery is coming like a tide.

when the wine glass touches the poetry, the book invites the sick eyes to open.

it will be colder tomorrow, and I have predicted that the clouds will be muddy at dusk.

The Rain Before Autumn is Cool, which is a seven-character poem written by Fan Chengda, a writer in the Song Dynasty. This poem is written about the speed of the storm, which shows the helplessness of the previous summer suffering. The first couplet of the poem writes that autumn comes in a hurry, and the couplet also writes that the summer light recedes, writing out the love for the coolness of autumn; Neck-linked poets write poems by wine and live by books; The poets in the couplet believe that the weather will be "colder" tomorrow, expressing the author's free and easy optimism. The poet doesn't care about the arrival of the twilight scene in his later years, and he doesn't hesitate to exchange his precious years for the summer heat, which not only expresses the poet's joy in the cold weather, but also reflects the poet's optimistic and open-minded feelings.

Ming/Shi Naian

The sun is burning like fire, and the wild Tian He rice is half scorched.

the farmer's heart is boiling like soup, and the prince and grandson fan it.

Walking on the ridge path in the countryside, I can't help thinking of this poem in Water Margin when I see farmers working in the fields under the scorching sun. This is a story in the 16th chapter of "Outlaws of the Marsh". When Yang Zhi escorted "Outlaws of the Birth" to Huangnigang, Bai Sheng, a day mouse, pretended to be a man who picked a barrel. It depicts the heat and drought in summer, and also reveals the anxious mood of farmers. Simple and straightforward, but intuitive and appropriate, the hot scene is vividly on the paper.

There's a slang in the north, which is called "Toufu Dumplings, Duzi, and Fufu Pancakes, Spread Eggs".

It's a traditional custom to eat dumplings with the head down, because people's appetite will be bad and they can't eat anything, and jiaozi is the food to stimulate their appetite and satisfy their appetite in the traditional customs of China people.

Six dietary customs of prostration:

1. jiaozi

In the past agricultural society, the time of prostration was just when the wheat harvest was less than one month. In Man Cang, every family valley, people take advantage of this opportunity to have a rare sumptuous meal and eat white flour. In the north, they will definitely eat jiaozi in the dog days. It is a traditional custom to eat jiaozi on your head, because when it's raining, people's appetite is not good, and they can't eat anything, and jiaozi is the food to stimulate their appetite and satisfy their appetite in the traditional customs of China people.

When cooking jiaozi, two common problems, adhesion and broken skin, are a headache. How to keep the shape intact? In fact, in the process of cooking jiaozi, the water is boiled four times, and it is cooked. Boiled water enters jiaozi. When the water boils for the first time, add a little cold water, and then add cold water after the water boils. The total backwater is 3 * * * points, and the jiaozi is cooked after boiling for 4 times, which will neither stick nor break the skin easily.

2. Wonton

In some parts of the south, such as Shanghai, people want to eat Wonton. In fact, for southerners, Wonton and jiaozi are almost a kind of food. Shanghainese have the saying "Toufu Wonton Erfu Tea".

Compared with dumplings, wonton is thin and transparent after cooking. In addition, it takes a short time to cook wonton, and cold water needs to be added several times to ensure it is cooked thoroughly. Another point is that dumplings are heavily dipped and wonton is heavily souped, especially in Guangdong. Chicken soup and meat and bone soup are the first choice for soup base. We often eat wonton with noodles here, which is called Wonton Noodles.

3. Ham

Hangzhou people are "chickens with ham on their heads". Chinese medicine believes that ham has the effects of strengthening the spleen and appetizing, promoting fluid production and benefiting blood. Ham can be eaten all year round, but it is best to eat it in summer. In summer, people often lose appetite and lack nutrition. Ham is rich in nutrition, not greasy when eaten, and can stimulate appetite. When cooked with wax gourd, ham is nutritious and can prevent heatstroke and dispel diseases.

Ham soup also has tonic effect, and foods rich in vitamin C, such as tomatoes, can be added to eliminate the concern of cancer caused by pickled food. Ham also has the effect of accelerating wound healing, and is now used as an auxiliary food after surgery.

4. Noodle soup

On the first day, in the north, there was a custom of "laying your head on jiaozi's two-volt face, spreading pancakes and laying eggs on the three-volt face". In the south, like Shanghai, you eat wonton, while in Guangzhou, you eat noodle soup. Noodles are rich in carbohydrates, which can provide enough energy, and will absorb a lot of water in the process of cooking. After 1 grams of noodles are cooked, they will become about 4 grams, so they can have a strong satiety.

In addition, noodles can stimulate people's thinking activities. People's brain and nervous system need a food with 5% carbohydrate, and noodles are the food that people's brain needs. Triticum durum contains B vitamins, which can stimulate brain cells.

5. Chicken

Nanchang "eats chicken and ducks", and Hunan and Jiangxi are adjacent, and chickens are also eaten in Nanchang. Relatively speaking, people in Jiangxi and Hunan eat chicken in dog days, which is quite scientific.

as the folk saying goes, "Eat a chicken in ups and downs, and it will keep you healthy for a year." People consume more physical energy in dog days, so they should be properly supplemented with nutrition. When stewing chicken, a proper amount of ginger can be added. Ginger is warm, which can adjust the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the human body in summer, make the human body adapt to the external environment, and play a role in removing dampness and strengthening the body. In this way, it can disperse the accumulated cold in the body and prevent the onset of cold disease in autumn.

6. Mutton

"Pengcheng Fu Yang has a bowl of soup, and you don't need a doctor to prescribe it." As we all know, mutton is a sweaty food, and it is the best food in winter. However, Xuzhou people face up to difficulties and eat mutton with red pepper in the hottest summer of the year. "Fu Yang Festival" is a traditional festival in Xuzhou. From the beginning of the first day of crouching every year, in the following month, Xuzhou people gathered in various hotels, restaurants, mutton restaurants and barbecue stalls to eat mutton and drink mutton soup, so they ate mutton.

Eating mutton in the dog days is a great initiative to treat the body with heat, sweat and toxin, and drive away the poison and moisture in winter and spring. Doctor Jian