Lanxin Line passes through Lianyungang, Xuzhou, Urumqi, Kaifeng, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Xi, Baoji and Lanzhou. Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, with a total length of 2,423 kilometers, starts from Lanzhou City, Gansu Province in the east, passes through Jiayuguan at the western end of the Great Wall of Wan Li, and reaches Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the west. It used to be the only railway line from Xinjiang to the mainland.

Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway is the main railway transportation line from Xinjiang to China and an important part of the northwest railway network in China. In the more than 30 years after the completion of Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, Urumqi Railway Bureau has carried out large-scale transformation of the line, gradually realized power connection and adopted electrical centralization. Advanced technologies and equipment such as semi-automatic block and wireless train dispatching have fundamentally changed the backward situation of technology and equipment, and increased the line capacity to 2 million tons, reaching the domestic advanced level. 1986, China realized the traction power diesel engine for the first time.