Time: 2065438+April 29th, 2008.
Location Caiyuanzi Guandong Folk Culture Park
Character: Some members of dehui city Local Culture Research Association.
Crossing Kanto —— Forever Homesickness of Northeastern People
One day in late April, Mr. Fan, Secretary General of dehui city Local Culture Research Association, sent me an invitation. The seminar plans to go to Caiyuanzi Town, dehui city to collect old objects on the 29th of this month, and will hold the annual meeting of the seminar. As a person who loves humanities and history, old objects and buildings have been my fields of great interest for many years (dare not say research), and that day happened to be a holiday, so I readily agreed to go with them.
On April 29th, the sky was clear and sunny. At about 8: 30 in the morning, a group of 17 people drove to Dapaoxiu Village, Caiyuanzi Town with great interest. Along the way, I had a very speculative conversation with Sean Song, president of Dehui No.10 Middle School, Mr. Wang, a famous cultural scholar in dehui city, Mr. Yang, a famous peasant poet in dehui city, and the driver. On the humanistic and historical issues related to local culture, the fatigue along the way is ignored.
After getting off the expressway, I drove straight to Caiyuanzi Town, which is known as the "hometown of tomatoes in Jilin". Brother Ren said, "During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, a family named Ding opened a garden here to grow vegetables. After the completion of the Middle East Railway, there was a station here, which was named after Ding Garden (now Yaojia Station). "
When it comes to the human history and customs related to vegetable gardens, the driver's eldest brother is Kan Kan, and I realize that this eldest brother is definitely not an idle generation. Later, I learned that the driver is the owner of our destination-Xiao He, the director of the first Kanto local cultural park in dehui city, which mainly collects old things.
Out of Caiyuanzi Town, we walked along the newly built cement road in "A Journey to the South", and gradually, we drove into an agricultural area dominated by rice fields. Newly ploughed rice fields and long aqueducts can be seen everywhere. I think if it is June and July, it must be an intoxicating sight of the wind blowing rice waves.
Dapaoxiu Village is located on the south bank of Songhua River. On the cement road next to the village, the long Songhua River Dam is faintly visible. After less than an hour's drive, our SUV stopped in a spacious courtyard facing south in the village.
At the beginning of getting off the bus, a barn without doors and external walls in the east of the yard first attracted everyone's special attention. The first thing that catches your eye is many familiar old objects.
It's too late to get excited. Let's go outside and see the gate with Kanto characteristics.
The gate is decorated with pine bark. As the cultural park is newly established, there is no plaque on the door, but it is temporarily replaced by a piece of red silk with the words "Financial resources to enter the Kanto Folk Culture Park". On the west side of the courtyard gate, an old pulley and a willow pot made of pure wicker are waiting for our visit.
Pulleys and willow cans
Driven by interests, people have already opened the iron fence and entered the barn. The items in the barn are mainly old-fashioned farm tools, with limited space and many items. Therefore, the floor, walls and even the roof have been fully utilized, thus making the barn a three-dimensional exhibition hall.
Whether it is farming, harvesting, transportation or storage, all kinds of farm tools are readily available. We put ourselves in it and began to get in touch with these farm tools which are closely related to our past farming life.
Among the three warehouses that are not spacious, the most striking one is a big cart with flowers and wheels on the south side.
Hua Lun car is an ancient vehicle type. Wheels are mostly made of solid birch or oak. There are 18 spokes with arm thickness evenly distributed on the wheel hub, which are radially connected with the wheel hub (wooden wheel). Iron sheets are installed on the outside of the wheel rim, and many "mushroom nails" slightly larger than copper coins can be seen on the outside of the wheel.
The axle is also made of wood, and the bowl is thick, so it needs lubricating oil (called oil) to drive it. Seeing this car reminds me that in the pre-Qin era, the number of wooden unicycles was an important yardstick to measure a country's military strength.
"A country of thousands of riders" was synonymous with great powers at that time. I remembered the allusion of "Che An Pu LUN" (a carriage with wheels wrapped in Pu Ye). In this way, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty recruited Mei Cheng and other senior social figures. Although his thirst for sages is commendable, Mei Cheng is old after all, and this primitive shock absorption didn't make him feel comfortable in the car. He died before he arrived in Chang 'an.
Hua Lun car
On one side of the boat, Qian Fan races; Leading the sick tree, every tree meets the spring. Although the wheelbarrow embodies the great country craftsman spirit in ancient China, and it is the high condensation of the collective wisdom and hard work of the working people for thousands of years, it is still a backward productivity compared with the rubber-tyred carriage of later generations.
Interestingly, Xiao He and Big Brother, the person in charge of the park, specially placed a rubber-tyred carriage side by side with it. The sharp contrast between the old and new modes of production is the handover and inheritance of people's ability to conquer nature, and the trajectory and inevitable trend of social progress and development are obvious to all.
On the north side of Huagu Road, an old-fashioned unicycle has also aroused people's strong interest. Different from the common unicycle today, the body (including wheels) of this car is made of wood, and it has lost its proud luster for many years.
More than a hundred years ago, the wooden unicycle was an important symbol of "going east". Anyone who knows a little about the local history of Northeast China knows that Northeast China was originally the hometown of Manchu and other nomadic peoples. During the Shunzhi period in the early Qing Dynasty, in order to protect the Manchu's once "Longxing Land", the wicker border was built.
However, in order to make a living, people have been breaking the ban and going to Kanto to make a living.
Many villages in the northeast were built by Han Chinese who came from Guanli thousands of miles away during the reign of Ganjia. Most of them are affected farmers in Hebei and Shandong. Because of their own poverty, they often use this wheelbarrow to carry all their belongings, bring their wives and belts, and embark on a journey of "crossing the Kanto" with the longing for the distant Kanto.
They came all the way to the land of Kanto, and with a pair of hard-working hands, they opened up wasteland to occupy grass, from living in a horse rack to living in a shack to living in a comfortable house, from being poor to living in a rich and stable life, and sprinkled enthusiasm and sweat on this hot land of Kanto, writing a magnificent and sad history of northeast immigrants.
Future generations can live a peaceful life today, and we should always have admiration and gratitude for our ancestors.
Unicycle (middle)
In the barn, there are all kinds of well-preserved plowshares, air carts for shelling, grain storage barrels, grain measuring barrels, saddle stirrups, old seeders, waterwheels, spinning wheels and seed pulling knives, so I won't list them one by one.
In the room next door, the daily necessities of the old farmer are displayed, whether it is sewing thread boards, socks soles, pancakes, large and small copper pots, exquisite kang tables, leather clothes, straw sandals, straw hats, cigarette sticks, nonsense stools, bamboo tubes and so on. These are closely related to people's food, clothing, housing and transportation.
Ancient bellows, abandoned braziers, table lamps for lighting, antique desk clocks, etc. have continuously aroused people's strong interest.
In Ren Dage's exhibition hall, where carpenters' tools are displayed, I saw a series of genealogy books about the Haiyang Stone Man family. Through the conversation with Ren Dage, I know that Ren Dage's ancestral home is a trainer in Haiyang County, Dengzhou, Shandong Province, and my ancestral home is Rongcheng, which further narrows the distance between us two people who love local culture.
Common ancestral home, common homesickness, and the same strong feeling of home make us two strangers who should not have known each other even if we met in the vast sea of people begin to meet on this sunny spring day.
Looking at the old objects that have been dusty for a long time in the humble exhibition hall, I naturally feel a lot of emotions.
In the long history, they are also the masters of our economic life and cultural life, and they have been injected with unparalleled vitality in our daily life.
Nowadays, they are almost forgotten, and they can only sleep here helplessly and silently, expecting a new call of some kind of power. I know that as long as our homesickness still exists, today we will activate them again with some kind of local complex.
After the visit, I walked around the village alone. From east to west, I inspected several remaining straw houses, crossed a long aqueduct, crossed the tall haystack, crossed the white greenhouse where rice seedlings were cultivated, and unconsciously came to the westernmost part of the village.
Looking at the distant sky, all is silent. In the distance, an agricultural tractor is plowing the field in an orderly way. A southwest wind is blowing slowly, what a warm spring. ......
Caiyuanzi Dapaoxiu Village