Su Shi's literary views come down in one continuous line with Ouyang Xiu's, but he emphasizes the originality, expressiveness and artistic value of literature. His literary thought emphasizes "doing something for something", advocating nature, getting rid of bondage, and "creating new ideas in statutes and putting wonderful reasons outside the bold". He believes that the composition should be "like flowing water, with no definite quality at first, but always doing what you should do and always stopping at what you can't stop." The artistic realm of "natural arts and sciences, full of postures" ("Thank you for your teacher's book"). Su Shi's prose works are rich, and he is also known as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu. The style of the article is simple and fluent, and it is bold and unrestrained. Shi Dehong's "Postscript Dongpo (Zuo You (x Ρ n) You Yun) Pool Record" said: "Its prose is as sloppy as water, and its waves are naturally written." Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu are also called "Ou Su", which is one of the "Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi was the leader who presided over the literary world in the Northern Song Dynasty after Ouyang Xiu, and enjoyed a great reputation among the writers at that time. There were many people who made friends with him or accepted his guidance for a while. Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, Chao Buzhi and Zhang Lei, writers of the Northern Song Dynasty, were all trained, rewarded and recommended by him, so they were called Su Men Four Bachelor.

Huang tingjian: people say that Dongpo wrote this article because it is difficult to see coincidence, so it is extremely skillful. I think otherwise. He is older than the article, so he puts pen to paper. ("Postscript Dongpo Drunken Man Fuck") Chao Wuxiao: Su Dongpo's Ci, people say that there are many inharmonious rhythms. However, the layman's ci is outstanding, and it is natural that it can't be tied in the song. Xu Du: (Liu Yong) Although the ci is extremely skillful, it is often mixed with vulgar language, so the vulgar people especially like it. After that, the princes of Europe and the Soviet Union came out, and the style changed to lyrics, and the system was elegant. Lu You: It is said that Dongpo can't sing, so there are many poems written by Dongfu. Chao said with the Tao: Shao Sheng was different from Dongpo at the beginning of his reign. Dongpo was drunk and sang Guyangguan himself. Then you can't sing, but you are bold and don't like cutting to tune your ears. ("Notes on the Old Learning Temple") Chen Xun: Dongpo only worships Qi style, and praises Liu and Qin, which is the respect of ci style, starting from Dongpo. (Wang Guowei, "Hai Gan Shuo Ci": Comparing Song Ci with Tang Ci, Dongpo is too white, Europe and Qin are like rubbing, Qi Qing is like lotte, and Fang Hui and Shu are like ten sons. ("Mr. Halal's Legacy, Shang Lun San") "Poets under three generations have never been bent, far-sighted, beautiful and insightful. These four sons, without literary genius, have a self-sufficient personality through the ages. Therefore, there is no noble and great personality, and there are almost no noble and great articles. " Zhu Yizhen: The wind, the sea and the rain are frightening, and the white stone is empty. Who saw Dongpo's true face, they all whispered Su Xin. Zhu Xuanxian's Chinese painting Su Shi's Poetic Painting-Spring River Plumbing. Cai Songyun: Dongpo's ci has ten thousand volumes on the chest and no dust on the pen. Its greatness lies not in its ability to make bold words, but in its mind covering all weather. If you just attack its appearance, what's the difference? Dongpo's poem, beautiful and beautiful, elegant and profound, opens up a new world. If you are not broad-minded, how can you have this spit? (On Ke Ting's Ci) Hu Zai: "The Mid-Autumn Ci came out from Dongpo's" Shuidiao Getou ",and the rest of the Ci was abandoned" ("Yu Xi Yu Yin Cong Hua")

1. Young and frivolous

Su Dongpo read some books when he was a teenager, and because of his intelligence, he was often praised by his teachers, and he quite proudly posted a couplet in front of his house: " After a white-haired old woman visited Su Shi with an esoteric ancient book, Su Shi didn't know the words in the book, and the old woman criticized Su Shi euphemistically, so Su Shi changed the couplet to "Learn all the words in the world and make up my mind to read all the books in the world" as a self-encouragement, and passed it on as a good talk from now on.

2, Su Shi "bullied" the teacher

Su Shi took an examination of the Jinshi and wrote an article in the Spring and Autumn Period, which was called "The Theory of Rewarding Loyalty by Punishment". There are paragraphs as follows: When Yao was a scholar, Hao Tao would kill people, Hao Tao said "the third killing" and Yao said "the third killing", so the world feared the firmness of Hao Tao's law enforcement. Si Yue said "Gun can be used", Yao said "No, Gun can command the clan", and then he said "Try it". He Yaozhi didn't listen to Hao Tao's murder, but took advantage of the four mountains. However, the sage's intention can also be seen. Mei Shengyu, the judge at that time, was very appreciative of Su Shi's article, but people with historical common sense knew that Hao Tao was the judicial officer of Shun. Does it have anything to do with Yao? Mei Shengyu didn't understand this. After reading it again and again, she went to ask Su Shi. Su Shi said that the answer was in the biography of the reflection of Kong Rong. However, Mei Shengyu will read it again and again many times, and still can't find the source, so she went to ask Su Shi again. Su Shi had to honestly answer that it was his own fabrication, and Mei Shengyu was even more puzzled. Su Shi said that in the biography of the reflection of Kong Rong, Kong Rong told Cao Cao that Shang Zhouwang had rewarded the Duke of Zhou with da ji, and Cao Cao asked if it was possible. Kong Rong answered that it existed today and should have existed in ancient times. Su Shi invented such a story on this basis, which made Mei Shengyu appreciate Su Shi even more.

3. Dongpo Meat

When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, there was a famous doggerel in Ode to Pork: "Huangzhou is good pork, and the price is worthless. The rich refuse to eat, and the poor don't understand cooking. Slow down the fire, less water, and it will be beautiful when the fire is full. Get up and play a bowl every day, so full that you can't care about it. " Here's "slow fire, less water, it is beautiful when the fire is full", which is the famous Dongpo meat cooking method. Su Dongpo was later appointed as the governor of Hangzhou and was deeply loved by the people. And this "Dongpo Meat" followed suit and became famous in Hangzhou, becoming a famous local dish.

4. Su Shi checked out

Su Shi lives in Changzhou. He spent his last savings and bought a house. He was preparing to move in another day. By chance, he heard an old woman crying very sadly. He asked the old woman why she was crying. The old woman said that she had a house that had been handed down for a hundred years and was sold by unfilial descendants, so she cried bitterly. On closer examination, it turned out that the house that Su Shi bought was what the old woman called an ancestral house. So Su Shi said to her: "The former residence of Yi was sold by me, so there is no need to be deeply saddened. Now it is time to return the house to Yi." Su Shi immediately burned the deed and just rented a house to live in.

5. Going to a banquet to recite poems

When Su Shi was twenty years old, he went to the capital for scientific research. Six conceited juren looked down on him, and decided to invite Su Shi to dinner for the next kind of food, intending to tease him. Su Shi went with pleasure after receiving the invitation. Before chopsticks were moved, everyone proposed a drinking order, and the contents of the drinking order must quote historical figures and events, so that they could eat a dish by themselves. The other five people cheered. "I'll go first." The older one said, "Jiang Ziya is fishing in Weishui!" Say that finish took a plate of fish. "Qin Shubao Changan sells horses!" The second proudly carried the horse meat away. "Su Ziqing is herding sheep in Beihu Lake!" The third person took the mutton without weakness. "Zhang Yide Zhuoxian sells meat!" The fourth one reached out and grilled the meat. "Guan Yunchang Jingzhou scraping bones!" The fifth one couldn't wait to take the bone. "Zhuge Liang grows vegetables in Longzhong!" The sixth proudly picked up the last green vegetable. All the dishes were finished, and when the six juren were happily preparing to laugh at Su Shi while eating, Su Shi unhurriedly sang, "Qin Shihuang annexed six countries!" " After that, he put all six dishes in front of him and smiled: "Please, brothers!" Six juren stupefied.

6. Get ahead

When Su Shi was in Beijing, the presiding officer was Ouyang Xiu, a famous literary master in the Northern Song Dynasty. When he was examining and approving papers, he was fascinated by Su Shi's gorgeous and superb writing style. In order to prevent favoritism, the examination papers at that time were all anonymous. Therefore, although Ouyang Xiu wanted to choose this article as the first, he felt that this article was very similar to that written by his protege Ceng Gong, and he was afraid of falling behind the population, so he finally rated the second. It was not until the publication of the list that Ouyang Xiu knew that the author of the article was Su Shi. After knowing the real situation, Ouyang Xiu regretted it, but Su Shi didn't care at all. Su Shi's generosity and outstanding talent made Ouyang Xiu admire: "Such a young talent should really make him stand out from the crowd and formally accept Su Shi as a disciple.

7. Family Reunion

After Su Shi won the second place in high school, the Su's three fathers and sons and the Su Xiaomei family, who are famous for their "Three Difficulties" in Qin Shaoyou, gathered in the garden to celebrate. Su Xun, the father of Su Shi, proposed the word "cold and fragrant", and each person wrote two poems, all of which were in line with the situation at that time. In order to take the lead, Su Laoquan walked slowly to the edge of the flower pond, chanting: "Water flows cold from the stone edge, and the wind comes from the flower." Shaoyou stood up and picked a fragrant wintersweet, flicked his finger, and said, "I don't know the cold words, but the plum blossoms flicked all over his fingers." Little sister also went to pick flowers, and if she swam less, she would laugh at him for imitating herself. However, little sister said, "It will make the cuckoo's throat cold, and it will make the Hua Hudie dream fragrant." Say that finish spread out the palm, a butterfly has been crushed to death. The daughter's characteristics were exposed, and everyone cheered in unison. Su Shi brushed the stone bench with his clothes and rode away. Su Laoquan shouted, "My son, don't go without an answer." Before his voice fell, Su Shi had a long voice: "The clothes are cold when you brush the stone, and the horseshoe fragrance is gone when you step on the flowers"! Although this is a legend, its credibility cannot be tested, but we can also get a glimpse of Su Shi's talent.

8. Making cakes to offer sacrifices to Buddha

Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian live in Jinshan Temple. One day, they made bread to eat. They agreed not to tell Fo Yin in the temple about this cake fight. After a while, when the cake was cooked, they counted the number, first presented the cake to the Guanyin Bodhisattva, bowed down and prayed diligently. Unexpectedly, Fo Yin had been hidden in the account of God in advance, and when they knelt down to pray, they reached out and stole two cakes. After Su Shi finished worshipping, he got up and saw that two cakes were missing. Then he knelt down and prayed, "Guanyin Bodhisattva is so magical that she ate two cakes. Why didn't she come out to meet him?" Fo Yin replied in the account: "If I have noodles, I will join you to make some food. How dare I bother you?"

9. Reading poems and enjoying the moon

Su Dongpo is in Hangzhou and likes to make friends with monks in West Lake Temple. He and monk Fo Yin of Jinshan Temple are best friends. They often joke while drinking and reciting poems. Monks in Fo Yin are delicious. Whenever Su Dongpo treats people at banquets, he always comes uninvited. One night, Su Dongpo invited Huang Tingjian to visit the West Lake, and many dining tables were prepared on board. When the cruise ship went offshore, Su Dongpo smiled and said to Huang Tingjian, "Fo Yin will arrive at every party. Tonight, we will take a boat to the lake to drink and sing poems and have a good time. He can't come anyway." Who knows that Fo Yin monk had learned that Su Dongpo was going to swim with Huang Tingjian in the lake, so he hid under the cabin board before they got on the boat. The bright moon is in the sky, the cool breeze is refreshing, and the lotus fragrance fills the lake. The cruise ship slowly comes to the Three Pagodas of the West Lake. Su Dongpo holds his glass and flicks his beard, and happily says to Huang Tingjian, "Today, without Fo Yin, we are quiet. Let's start with a wine order. The first two sentences should be immediate and the last two sentences should end with the word' zai'." Huang Tingjian said, "All right!" Su Dongpo said first: "What can the sky say when the clouds are parted and the bright moon comes out?"? What does the sky say? " Huang Tingjian looked at the lotus flowers all over the lake, and then said, "Lianping pushed aside and swam out, which was a good thing! Get what you want! " At this time, Fo Yin couldn't resist being under the cabin board. As soon as he heard Huang Tingjian's words, he pushed the cabin board away and climbed out, saying, "When the boat board is pushed aside, Fo Yin will come out. What a shame! Hey! " Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian were startled when they saw a man suddenly crawling out from under the planking. When they looked carefully, it turned out to be Fo Yin, and they couldn't help laughing when they heard him say such four poems. Su Dongpo took Fo Yin to sit down and said, "You hid it well, and you were right. You ate it again today!" So, the three of them enjoyed the moon and swam around the lake, talking and laughing.

1. Dongpo Fish

Su Shi is not only a master of literature, but also good at food. Besides Dongpo elbow, Su Xueshi is also good at cooking fish, and his cooking fish is a must. Once, Su Shi was very happy. He cooked fish himself and just cooked it. He saw Huang Tingjian come in through the window (Huang Tingjian was one of the four great fonts in ancient China, and he was a close friend of Su Shi. They often took pleasure in bickering). Knowing that he was here to wipe the rice again, he hurriedly hid the fish at the top of the cupboard. When Huang Tingjian entered the door, he said, "Ask Brother Zi Zhan today, dare you ask Su Shi how to write Su?" Su Shi responded with a long face: "Su Zhe, the grass is on the left and the fish is on the right." Huang Tingjian added, "Can you put this fish on the right?" Su Shi said, "Not bad." Huang Tingjian went on: "Is this fish ok?" Su Shi said, "How can fish be put on it?" Huang Tingjian pointed to the top of the cupboard and said with a smile, "Since Brother Zi Zhan also knows this truth, why did you put fish on it? ！” Su Shi, who has always been quick-witted, was completely beaten by Huang Tingjian this time!

11. Fruit and medicine

Shortly after Su Shi's marriage, he was invited to visit Liu Gong's father's house. When he arrived there, the servant came to ask him to go back at once and said that his wife was in a hurry. Liu Gong's father was sarcastic and intoned: "Fortunately, it is early (apricot, jujube and plum) and calm (cistanche deserticola is a traditional Chinese medicine)." This sentence contains three fruit names and one medicine name. Without looking back, Su Shi got on the saddle and walked away. As he walked, he said, "This thing (apple, cane and persimmon) must be angelica (angelica is the name of Chinese medicine)." Dongpo's talent is really admirable.

12, a line between life and death

After Su Shi went to prison, Emperor Shenzong sent a little eunuch to pretend to be a prisoner and sleep with Dongpo in order to test whether he hated the son of heaven. When eating during the day, the little eunuch teased him with words. Su Shi ate with relish and replied, "Let the weather thunder and lightning, my heart will not move!" " At night, he fell asleep, and the little eunuch teased, "Isn't it a pity that Su Xueshi sleeps in such a bed?" Su Shi ignored it and replied with a snore. The little eunuch woke him up early the next morning and said, "Congratulations, your Excellency, you have been pardoned." You know, that night was extremely dangerous. As long as Su Shi has a little complaint and a strange behavior of eating badly and sleeping unsteadily, it is at stake.

13. Self-restraint

After the restoration of the conservatives in the imperial court, Sima Guang, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty who was famous for smashing the jar, worshipped the phase again, and the new law was completely abolished. At this time, Su Shi, who is also a conservative, advocated that the new law should not be completely denied, but should be treated differently, so he had a fierce conflict with Sima Guang and was once again demoted to Guazhou. Although Su Shi believes in Buddhism, he doesn't like monks. I heard that there was a famous monk named Fo Yin in Jinshan Temple in Guazhou. Su Shi was not convinced after hearing this, so he decided to meet the old monk on the mountain for a while! In the temple, Su Shi talked from the emperor to the civil and military officials, and from governing the country to being a man. The monk listened quietly. When Su Shi saw that Fo Yin had been silent, he looked down on him from his heart. I thought to myself: everyone said that he had the ability. It turned out that he was a straw bag and came here to cheat some incense money! The topic slowly came to Buddhism. At this time, Fo Yin asked: "What kind of person should Lao Na be in the eyes of your husband?" Su Shi was full of contempt and casually replied, "You are capable in the eyes of ordinary people, but that's because they are shallow. In fact, you are a liar every day without real talent and learning!" Fo Yin smiled, silent answer. Su Shi saw that he not only looked down on the monk more, but also gloated himself, so he asked on the spur of the moment, "What kind of person is Master Su in your eyes?" "You are a very learned and cultured person, and you are ashamed of yourself!" Fo Yin replied. After returning home, Su Shi proudly told his little sister how to make monks in the morning, and Su Xiaomei laughed so hard that his meal gushed out. Su Shi was puzzled and asked, "Why does little sister laugh?" "You belittle the monk. Instead of being angry, he praised you. Who do you say is cultivated? How can you cultivate yourself without learning? You still think you are better than others? Shame on you, you don't even know! " After listening to this, Su Shi suddenly realized that he had become a best friend with Master Fo Yin since then.

14. "Bones" are not cold

One day, Su Shi and Fo Yin visited the West Lake by boat. Su Shi was determined to play a trick on Fo Yin. When he looked up, he saw a dog holding a bone by the river and wrote, "The dog is eating on the river (monk).