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Why did Su Shi call himself "Dongpo lay man"
Why did Su Shi call himself "Dongpo lay man"

Su Shi named himself "Dongpo Jushi". Why did he use this as his name?

Ten years after the publication of Misty Rain in Shilin by Ye Mengde in Song Dynasty: "Su Zi traveled around Huangzhou, named Dongpo Jushi, and Dongpo lived there." Dongpo is the place where Su Shi lived when he was demoted to Huangzhou. Bai Juyi was demoted to the secretariat of Zhongzhou (now Zhongxian County, Chongqing) in the 13th year of Tang Yuanhe (8 18) and lived in a place called Dongpo, where he also wrote many touching poems. It is precisely because of this coincidence that Su Shi took the name "Dongpo". In the Song Dynasty, Zhou Bida's Poems of the Second Old Hall said: "I wrote two poems of Dongpo Flower Arrangement for the secretariat of Zhongzhou, and went to Dongpo. Cloud:' set foot on Dongpo, and set foot on Dongpo in the evening; What does Dongpo love? I like this new tree. "In this dynasty, Su Wenzhong didn't give much permission, but he loved Lotte alone ... He lived in Huangzhou, starting from Dongpo, which must have originated from the work of Lotte Zhongzhou."

Su Shi's most admired person in his life was Bai Juyi, and Bai Juyi became his idol. There is a sentence in Su Shi's poem: "The source is faint like lotte, dare to compare with the previous sages"; There is another cloud: "I remember it as a happy gentleman, and I appreciate it all over Luoyang in spring." In addition, both Su Shi and Bai Juyi suffered the fate of being demoted, and Su Shi paid tribute to Bai Juyi in the name of "Dongpo". Song Hongmai's "Three Stories of Rongzhai", Volume 5 "Dongpo Mu Letian" says: "Su Gong lives in Huangzhou and calls himself a Dongpo layman. When you think about it carefully, you will know that it is also. "

Why is Su Dongpo called Dongpo laity?

"Dongpo Jushi" is the name of Su Shi, and its origin is the place where Su Shi lived in Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei).

In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), Su Shi lived in Huangzhou. At this time, his salary was reduced by half, and his family supported a large group of people. In order to make a living, he had to divide 4500 yuan a month into 30 pieces, and each piece was hung on the beam with hemp rope. Every morning, he took a bundle of money with a painting fork and gave it to his wife Wang Runzhi to arrange three meals a day. If there were some savings that day, Su Shi would be happy to put the small money in a jar to buy wine when guests came to visit.

At this time, Su Shi's old friend Ma Zhengqing made a special trip from Yangzhou to visit Su Shi. When he witnessed Mr. Wang's life as poor as a church mouse, he couldn't help feeling sad and found his former classmates. Xu Junyou, the satrap of Huangzhou Prefecture, begged him to allocate dozens of acres of wasteland under the Lingou Pavilion to Su Shi for cultivation to solve the problem of eating. Xu Taishou readily agreed, and Su Shi was very grateful. He wrote a poem to express his gratitude to Ma Zhengqing:

Ma was born a poor man and has been with me for twenty years.

Looking at my expensive day and night, I begged for mountain money.

I am very tired today. I have given up farming.

When you shave the turtle's back, it will become sensible.

Poor Ma Sheng is crazy. So far, he has been praising me for being virtuous.

Laughter never regrets, but once you give, you will get a thousand.

Su Shi is very happy to cultivate this land, which not only solves the problem of eating, but also because it is a sloping land in the east of Huangzhou, similar to the "Dongpo" of Zhongzhou, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, where trees and flowers were planted in the past. Bai Juyi is an admirer of Su Shi, so he followed Bai Juyi's example and named his land Dongpo and himself Dongpo lay man. He also built a room on Dongpo, named it "Tang Xue", and personally wrote the plaque of "Dongpo Tang Xue". Hong Mai, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in Rongzhai Sanbi Dongpo Mu Letian: "It is natural to admire it carefully."

Why is Su Dongpo called Su Dongpo?

Su Shi was jailed for Wutai poetry case 103 days. After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to Ying Yong, assistant ambassador of Huangzhou (equivalent to the vice captain of modern civil self-defense forces). This position is quite humble, and at this time, Su Shi has been disheartened after this prison. In his spare time, he led his family to cultivate a sloping land in the east of the city and help make up for their livelihood by farming. It was at this time that he got the nickname "Dongpo lay man".

Bai Juyi is a happy man. He lived in the declining Tang Dynasty. As an admonition officer, he often criticized the current disadvantages with poems in the face of the eunuch's authoritarian power, the separatist regime in the buffer region, and the corruption in state affairs. Later, he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima and transferred to Zhongzhou Secretariat. There is a hillside in the east of Zhongzhou. Bai Juyi, who constantly strives for self-improvement in adversity, often goes to the hillside to plant trees and flowers in his spare time. To this end, Bai Juyi wrote many poems, such as: "Buy flowers with money and plant them on the east slope of the city" ("Planting Flowers in Dongpo"); "Dongpo's spring comes near dusk, what is the tree today" ("Dongpo Planting Trees"); "Looking back diligently, Dongpo peaches and plums are newly planted" ("Biedongpo Flower Tree"). Bai Juyi and Dongpo formed an indissoluble bond, and later generations also regarded Dongpo as a synonym for Bai Juyi.

Su Shi's situation, state of mind and cultivated land at that time were quite similar to those when Bai Juyi was demoted to Zhongzhou, so he named himself "Dongpo layman". He wrote about this in many of his poems. For example, the poem "Going to Hangzhou" said: "Going abroad is like a happy day, and you dare to correct it." "Decadence" is a metaphor for Su Shi, and "former sage" is a metaphor for Bai Juyi. In the preface of this poem, he also said: "The source of my life is as thick as lotte." Out of admiration for Bai Juyi's noble character, Su Shi nicknamed himself Dongpo at the age of 46. Since then, this nickname has been louder and more influential than his name.

Su Shi is a gourmet himself, and there are many records of Su Shi's invention of food in the note novels of the Song Dynasty. When Su Shi learned about Hangzhou, it happened in May and June of five years in Yuan You, with heavy rain in western Zhejiang and flooding of Taihu Lake. Su Shi directed the dredging of the West Lake and the construction of Su Causeway. People in Hangzhou thanked him. During the Chinese New Year, everyone will carry a pig to pay a New Year call. Su Shi instructed his family to dice the pork, burn it red and crisp, and then give it to everyone. This is the origin of Dongpo meat.

What kind of layman is Su Shi called?

Violet laity Li Bai, Yi 'an laity Li Qingzhao, Dongpo laity Su Shi, and Liu Yi laity Ouyang Xiu.

Why is Su Shi called "Dongpo Jushi"? Braille

At the end of the second year of Song Shenzong Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei) after he was released from prison, and hanged as "Ying Yong's deputy envoy", with no real power and a meager salary. On the first day of the first month of the second year, Su Shi came to Huangzhou from the capital of song dynasty (now Kaifeng, Henan) with his eldest son Mai Su. About February, the whole family got together in Huangzhou. Huangzhou was a remote small place at that time, wet and rainy, and the price was not high; Huangzhou Taishou (surnamed Xu) respects Su Shi, treats him with courtesy and often invites him to banquets. However, after all, there is a large population, and the family's life is quite tight. In a letter to Qin Shaoyou, Su Shi said: The word count of the whole family is less than 150 words every day. In order to save money, Su Shi imitated the method of a famous person (Jia Shou) at that time: on the first day of each month, he took out 4500 pence, divided it into 30 pieces and hung it on the beam. Take one with a fork every morning and put the unused money in a big bamboo tube to entertain guests.

Two years after arriving in Huangzhou, Su Shi's family lived such a hard life. It may be that the population has increased, or the savings in the past have been exhausted, and such a hard life is unsustainable. At this time, Ma Zhengqing, who followed Su Shi for 20 years, visited him in Huangzhou and witnessed the embarrassing life of Su Shi's family. Coincidentally, the governor of Huangzhou at that time was Ma Zhengqing's classmate, so he enthusiastically interceded for Su Shi and asked the governor to allocate an idle piece of land that used to be a "camp" (perhaps a post station) to Su Shi's family for farming. This site with an area of tens of acres is located on the east slope of Huangzhou City. Bai Juyi, a poet admired by Su Shi in the Tang Dynasty, planted trees on the hillside in the east of the city when he was the secretariat of Zhongzhou, and often went there to walk and compose poems. Therefore, Su Shi gave himself a name that will resound all over the world in the future: Dongpo Jushi. From then on, Su Shi began his peasant career for two years.

It is not difficult to imagine how difficult it is to turn a piece of land that has been abandoned for ten years into a land where trees and crops can be planted; Through hard work, we can gain something, improve a family's life and be full of hope and happiness. During the period of land reclamation in Dongpo, the 467-year-old Su Shi family worked hard and enjoyed themselves. This hard and happy day was recorded by Su Shi with his vivid poems, which is the group poem "Eight Dongpo Poems". In order to facilitate friends to understand the life of Su Shi's family more than 920 years ago, I repeat the following according to Dongpo's eight poems:

The ruins have been abandoned for a long time, with broken walls, piles of rubble and thorns. It's hard to clean. In Su Shi's own words, "the labor of reclamation has been exhausted." Unfortunately, this is another year of drought. The land is too dry and lacks fertility, so it is difficult to grow anything. When he was very tired from work, he put down his hoe, and Su Shi could not help but sigh: Alas! When can I get a raise (then called "Fu" and "Feng")?

Su Shi planned this overgrown wasteland, planting rice and wheat in low-lying and humid places and planting jujube and chestnut trees in high places. Wang, a native of Sichuan who lives in Wuchang, met Su Shi and promised to give him mulberry seedlings. Su Shi likes bamboo, and everyone knows that he "would rather eat without meat than live without bamboo", because without meat, it will only make people slim, while without bamboo, it will make people vulgar. Su Shi really wants to plant some bamboo, but he is worried that bamboo will grow in other people's fields, which is what Min Ning said in Bamboo Tree. This time he decided not to grow bamboo. When the servant was burning weeds, he found a hidden ancient well and immediately ran to report to Su Shi. Su Shi was very happy after hearing this, joking that the matter of growing grain to fill his stomach was still in full swing, and drinking water with a ladle was no longer a problem.

Found a well and a stream of Koizumi. Su Shi made a follow-up investigation on this spring. It turns out that the spring water comes from the other side of the distant mountain, passes through towns and villages, and the place where the water flows is overgrown with weeds. A section of water has formed a pond with the size of 10 mu, with fish and shrimp in groups. This is a seasonal pond. In the dry season, the water in the pond also dried up, and only hay stuck to the cracked clods. It rained last night, and the rain penetrated under the plow. Su Shi went to look for the former site of the pond and wanted to find the water source for reclaiming wasteland. In the pond, he saw that the perennial roots of Oenanthe javanica in the soil were one inch long, so the gourmet Su Shi thought: When will Oenanthe javanica sprout, so that I can use it to fry pigeon meat?

When planting rice before Qingming Festival, Su Shi began to imagine all kinds of fun: at every stage of rice growth, needles appeared and tillered, leaves were held high in the wind, and dew hung under the moon. In autumn, the ears of rice are heavy and the plants are staggered into ridges. ......

Su Shi's relationship. Why is he called "61 lay man"?

Ouyang Xiu called himself an alcoholic when he was in Chuzhou. In his later years, he gave himself a laity name on June 1st. He said: I have 1000 volumes of Collected Ancient Records, 10,000 volumes of books, a piano and a chess game, and I always buy a pot of wine. June 1 day I am old.

Ouyang Xiu (1007- 1072), a native of Yongfeng County, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province, was a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and was quite famous in politics. Because Jizhou originally belonged to Luling County, it called itself "Ouyang Xiu of Luling". Posthumous title Wenzhong, who is a bachelor of Hanlin and an assistant envoy in politics, is known as Ouyang Wenzhong. Later generations also called him "the four great writers of the ages" with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Su Shi. Together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong, they are called "the Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties".

Laity refers to the old monk's general name for people who believe in Buddhism at home; Also refers to the hermit who lived in seclusion or was not an official in ancient times; At the same time, there are still claims that this term is a scholar. For example, Li Bai calls himself a violet laity, Su Shi calls himself a Dongpo laity, and A Yuan (namely Chen Zhongyuan) calls himself a drug fool laity.

It first appeared in the Book of Rites Jade Algae: "The ribbon of the lay man." Zheng Xuan's Note: "The laity is also a Taoist Chu Shi." Taoism also has the title of "lay man". After Buddhism was introduced, it was translated into Buddhist scriptures to describe people who practice at home.

Buddhist laity is Sanskrit gr! Ha-pati, the Chinese free translation of Pali gaha-pati, was often confused with the so-called elders in ancient India, and was introduced to China in the Western Han Dynasty after Buddhism. People who practice Buddhism at home are also called laymen. For example, Bodhisattvas such as Vimala and Bodhisattva in India often practice Buddhism and Taoism; Bodhisattvas in China, such as Fu Dashi in Liang Dynasty, Liu in Northern Wei Dynasty and Li in Tang Dynasty, taught Buddhism and Taoism. In Taoism, laymen can also be used to refer to men who practice at home as laymen, and some people call women who practice at home as laymen.

What does it mean to be called Su Dongpo?

On the one hand, Su Dongpo is a talented person. On the other hand, Su Dongpo has a nickname "Hang your voice". Because it is said that Su's lyrics are difficult to sing in the way of Song Ci.

Why is Su Dongpo called a long-term worker?

Although Su Shi was called "the Great Su", he was not the eldest son of Su Xun, and another brother named "Jingxian" died when Su Shi was three years old (1038). Therefore, Su Shi had another word "harmony" and lost contact with his name. Later, he was called a "long-term worker", which was pure respect.

Why is Su Dongpo called Su Xian?

Su Xian (Su Xian) is a mythical figure of Han Dynasty in Chenzhou, Hunan Province. Related stories can be found in ancient novels, such as Sou Shen Zhuan and Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, which are widely spread in this area. A ridge in the urban area is named Su Xianling, and a municipal district in Chenzhou City is also named Su Xianling District.

This name also refers to Suxian District, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province.

It may also refer to Su Shi, who is also known as Yutang Xian. Huang Songting-jian's "Eryun Song Xuanzong Sunrise on March 14th in Xichi": "It's also strange, and the romantic cultural relics belong to Su Xian." Song Fan Chengda's Poem Inscription on Mei Dongpo in the Sand at Night: "Su Xian's ascent to heaven is hard to blame." Song Zhuxi's "Dongpo Rhyme Gifts Plum Blossoms": "Luofu Mountain goes down to Huang Mao Village, and Su Xianxian goes to the soul of jade poetry." See Su Shi's entry for details.