Su Shi (January 8, 1037 - August 24, 1101), also known as Zizhan and Hezhong, was also known as "Dongpo Jushi", and the world called him "Su Dongpo". Han nationality, a native of Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan, Meishan City in the Northern Song Dynasty), and his ancestral home is Luancheng. He was a famous writer, calligrapher, painter, lyricist, poet, and gourmet in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was one of the eight great writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties and a representative of the Bold and Unconstrained poets. His poems, lyrics, fuses, and prose are all of high achievement, and he is good at calligraphy and painting. He is a rare all-rounder in the history of Chinese literature and art, and he is also recognized as one of the most outstanding people in the history of China's thousands of years of literature and art. His prose is known as Ou Su together with Ouyang Xiu; his poetry is known as Su Huang with Huang Tingjian; his poetry is known as Su Xin with Xin Qiji; his calligraphy is listed as one of the four major calligraphers of the Northern Song Dynasty: "Su, Huang, Mi, and Cai"; his paintings created a pioneering work. Huzhou School of Painting.
Chinese name: Su Shi
Foreign name: Su shi
Alias: Zizhan Youzihe Zhongsu Dongpo Dongpo layman
Nationality: Northern Song Dynasty, China
Ethnicity: Han
Birthplace: Meishan, Sichuan
Date of birth: January 8, 1037
Death Date: August 24, 1101
Occupation: Literary writer
Representative works: "Ode to the Former Red Cliff", "Ode to the Later Red Cliff", "The Story of Shizhong Mountain", "Nian Nujiao·Nostalgia of the Red Cliff" < /p>
One of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties[1]. Su Shi, his father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Zhe are collectively known as the "Three Sus". Su Shi became a Jinshi at the age of twenty. During the Shenzong period, he served in Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was framed for the "Wutai Poetry Case" and was demoted to Huangzhou as deputy envoy of Tuanlian. He spent more than four years in Huangzhou and cultivated wasteland on the east slope of the city, so he called himself "Dongpo Jushi". . After Zhezong came to the throne, he served as a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, a bachelor of attendance, and a minister of the Ministry of Rites. He also went to Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou, Dingzhou and other places. In his later years, he was demoted to Huizhou and Danzhou. Amnesty returned to the north. He died of illness in Changzhou on the way and was buried in Jiaxian County, Henan Province. He was posthumously named Wenzhong Gong. He is known as "Su Dongpo" and "Dongpo layman". Historical records record that Su Shi "was more than eight feet and three inches long, and Su Shi was as broad as the sea." Su Shi was Su Xun's second son (the eldest son died in infancy). In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he and his younger brother Su Zhe became Jinshi. He was awarded the title of Dali judge and signed a letter to the judge of Fengxiang Mansion. In the second year of Xining (1069), his father returned to the court after the mourning period expired and sued the court for the magistrate. Because he had political disagreements with Prime Minister Wang Anshi and opposed the implementation of the new law (not that he did not completely disagree with it, but he still partially agreed with it, he opposed it in the early stage, but later went deep into the people, learned about the benefits of the new law, and turned in favor of the good aspects of the new law), so he asked himself to be appointed as a foreign minister. For Hangzhou Tongjuan. Then he moved to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong) and then to Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he suffered the "Wutai Poetry Case" and was appointed deputy envoy of Tuanlian in Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province). He was placed in the state and was not allowed to sign official documents. Zhezong was established, and Empress Dowager Gao came to the court and returned to the court to serve as the minister of Fenglang Zhidengzhou (today's Penglai, Shandong). Four months later, he was promoted to the title of Doctor of the Ministry of Rites. Within ten days of his appointment, he was moved to the School of Living and Learning, and was also moved to the Hanlin Academy to learn about imperial edicts (second grade) and the tributes of the Ministry of Rites. In the fourth year of Yuanyou (1089), he went to know Hangzhou, and later changed his knowledge to Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), Zhe Zong was in power and was demoted to Huizhou (today's Huizhou City, Guangdong Province) and then to Changhua Army (today's Danzhou City, Hainan Province). Huizong ascended the throne and returned to the north after being pardoned. He died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu Province) in 1101, the first year of Jianzhong's reign, and was buried in Jiacheng County, Ruzhou (now Jiaxian County, Henan Province) at the age of sixty-six. He was given a posthumous title by the emperor. Wenzhong (Gong).
Edit this section of Su Shi's life
Su Shi of the Four Song Dynasty
His father Su Xun, the "twenty-seventh person" mentioned in the "Three Character Classic", "Su Laoquan" who is "angry". Although Su Xun worked hard late, he worked very hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled studying with his father when he was young, and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's diligent study, it would have been impossible for Su Shi to receive a good tutor at a young age, let alone "study the classics and history, and write thousands of words a day" when he was still young, and it would be even less possible for him to have a literary career in the future. Achievement. In the first year of Jiayou (1056), Su Shi, who was twenty-one years old, left Sichuan for the first time to go to Beijing to take part in the imperial examination. The following year, he took part in the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of the examiner Ouyang Xiu with his essay "On the Perfection of Honesty in Punishments and Rewards". However, because Ouyang Xiu mistakenly believed that it was written by his disciple Zeng Gong, he had to take second place in order to avoid suspicion. In the sixth year of Jiayou's reign (1061), Su Shi took the high school examination, which is commonly known as the "Three Years of Beijing Examination". He entered the third class and became the "No. 1 in a century". He was awarded the title of judge of Dali and Fengxiang Prefecture. Later, when his father died of illness in Bianjing, Ding You returned home to support the funeral. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the court after completing his service and was still granted his post. When he entered the court as an official, it was when the political crisis began to appear in the Northern Song Dynasty. Behind the prosperity was a crisis. At this time, Shenzong came to the throne and appointed Wang Anshi to support the reform. Many of Su Shi's mentors, including Ouyang Xiu, his mentor who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing due to political disagreements with the new prime minister Wang Anshi on the implementation of the new law. The old rain in the government and the fields has withered, and what Su Shi sees in his eyes is no longer the "peaceful world" he saw when he was twenty. On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm caused by the new law to ordinary people, and because of his conservative political ideology, he disagreed with Wang Anshi's approach. He believed that the new law was not convenient for the people, so he wrote a letter to oppose it.
One result of this was that, like his mentors and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not tolerated by the court. So Su Shi asked to be released to the outside world and was transferred to Hangzhou Tongpan. From then on, Su Shi had some misunderstandings about Wang Anshi and other reformists throughout his life. Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term was completed, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places as magistrate. His political achievements were outstanding and he won the hearts of the people. This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi encountered the first disaster in his life. At that time, some people (Li Ding and others) deliberately distorted his poems and made a big fuss in the name of satirizing the new law. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), less than three months after Su Shi arrived in Huzhou, he was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems that satirized the new law and weaved a web of "writings that slandered the emperor and prime minister." This is known as "Wutai Poetry" in history. case". Su Shi spent 103 days in prison and was on the verge of being beheaded several times. Fortunately, the Northern Song Dynasty made a national policy not to kill scholar-bureaucrats during the reign of Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, so Su Shi escaped the disaster. After being released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to deputy envoy of regiment training in Huangzhou (now Huanggang County, Hubei Province) (equivalent to the deputy captain of the modern private self-defense forces). This position was quite humble and had no real power. At this time, Su Shi had become discouraged after this battle. After Su Shi took office, he was in a depressed mood. He visited Chibiji outside Huangzhou many times and wrote "Chibi Ode" and "Later Chibi". "Fu" and "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia" and other timeless masterpieces are used to express his thoughts and feelings when he was exiled. In his spare time, Yu Gong led his family to reclaim a piece of sloping land in the east of the city and farm to help supplement their livelihood. It was at this time that he came up with the nickname "Dongpo Jushi". In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), the seventh year of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou to take office. Due to the long journey and exhaustion from the journey, Su Shi's infant died unfortunately. The road to Ruzhou was far away, and the travel expenses had been exhausted. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, but to live in Changzhou first, which was later approved. When he was about to return south to Changzhou, Shenzong died. The young Zhezong ascended the throne, Empress Dowager Gao took over the government, the new party headed by Wang Anshi was suppressed, and Sima Guang was re-appointed as Prime Minister Su Shi
. Su Shi was summoned back to the court that year as a doctor in the Ministry of Rites. In the first half of the morning, he was promoted to Jusheren. Three months later, he was promoted to Zhongshusheren. Soon after, he was promoted to Hanlin scholar Zhizhigao (the secretary who drafted imperial edicts for the emperor). When Su Shi saw that the emerging forces were desperately suppressing the figures in Wang Anshi's group and abolishing the new laws, he believed that they were just the same as the so-called "royal party" and once again made suggestions to the emperor. At this point, Su Shi could neither be tolerated by the new party nor forgiven by the old party, so he once again asked for external support. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou to serve as the governor after an absence of sixteen years. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou, dredging the West Lake and using the excavated mud to build a dam next to the West Lake, which is also the famous "Su Causeway". Su Shi lived very comfortably in Hangzhou, comparing himself to Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in the sixth year of Yuanyou (1091), he was recalled to the court. But soon he was sent to Yingzhou because of political differences. In the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), the new party came back to power and was demoted to Huiyang (now Huizhou City, Guangdong) again. Later, Su Shi was demoted further to Danzhou (now Hainan). It is said that in the Song Dynasty, banishment to Hainan was a punishment only slightly lighter than the crime of execution. After Huizong came to the throne, he transferred Lianzhou resettlement, Shuzhou Tuanlian deputy envoy, and Yongzhou resettlement. In the third year of Yuanfu (1101), a general amnesty was granted and he was reinstated as Chaofenglang. On his way back to the north, he died in Changzhou at the age of sixty-six.
Edit the chronology of this paragraph's life
"Poetry on the Red Cliff" painted by Ren Bonian in the Qing Dynasty
In December of the third year of Jingyou's reign, Renzong of the Song Dynasty, 1036 On the 19th (January 8, 1037 in the Gregorian calendar), Su Shi was born. In 1054, he married Wang Fu. In 1057, he became a high school scholar at the age of 21. His mother died, and he served as a mourner (1057.4~1059.6). In 1059, his family went to Kyoto. In 1061, Su Shi entered the Zhongzhong Zhimao Department. Take the exam and enter the third class.
In 1061, he was appointed as the judge of Fengxiang Prefecture. The first year of Yingzong's Zhiping - the fourth year (1064-1068). In 1064, he served as a historian. In 1065, his wife died. In 1066, his father died. (1068～1086) Married Wang Runzhi (Wang Fuzhi's cousin) in 1068. Returned to Beijing in 1069; worked in the History Museum in 1071 and was appointed as Supervisor; appointed as the general magistrate of Hangzhou in 1074; at the age of 38, he was appointed as the prefect of Mizhou; in 1076, at the age of 40, he was appointed as the prefect of Xuzhou in 1079 At the age of 43, he was appointed as the prefect of Huzhou; he was imprisoned in 1080 and was relegated to Huangzhou. He served as deputy envoy of Tuanlian in Huangzhou in 1084 and went to Changzhou in 1085. He went to Dengzhou in 1085; he was appointed as the prefect of Dengzhou; 1086～1100) The Empress Dowager was in power during the Yuanyou period (1085～1093). In 1086, he was appointed as the Imperial Academy scholar. In 1089, he was appointed as the prefect of Hangzhou and the commander of the Western Zhejiang Military Region. In 1091, he was appointed as the Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. He went to Kyoto and served as the prefect of Yingzhou. In 1092, he was appointed the prefect of Yangzhou. Minister of the Ministry of War; Minister of the Ministry of Rites, his wife died in 1093; the Queen Mother died; the governor of Dingzhou; the commander of the Hebei Military Region was demoted to Huizhou in 1094; he was exiled to Huizhou and moved to Hainan in 1097; he was exiled to Danzhou, Hainan. In 1101, he returned to the north and went to Changzhou. He died on July 28, the first year of Jingguo's reign, at the age of 66. In 1102, that is, in June of the first year of Chongning, he was buried in Shangruili, Diaotai Township, Jiacheng, Ruzhou.
Edit this paragraph's artistic achievements
1. Article
Su Shi's literary views are in the same vein as Ouyang Xiu, but he emphasizes the originality, expressiveness and artistic value of literature. . His literary thought emphasizes "doing something for something", advocating nature, getting rid of constraints, "creating new ideas in laws and regulations, and expressing wonderful principles in boldness". He believes that compositions should reach the artistic realm of "like flowing clouds and flowing water, with no definite quality at first, but always doing what they should do and always stopping at what they must do. Natural literature and science, full of gestures" ("A Letter of Thanks to Minshi"). Su Shi's prose writings are rich, and he is also known as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu. The style of the article is easy and smooth, bold and free. Shi Dehong's "Postscript to Dongpo (Zuo忄(xīn) Right Yun) Chilu" said: "His writing is as smooth as water, and if it spreads vastly, its waves will naturally become written." Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu are both called "Ou Su" , one of the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi was the leader who presided over the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty after Ouyang Xiu. He enjoyed a huge reputation among the writers at that time. There were many people who made friends with him or accepted his guidance at one time, including the Northern Song writers Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, Chao Buzhi and Zhang Leidu. He had been trained, rewarded and recommended by him, so he was called the Four Scholars of Sumen. "Fan Zeng Lun", "Jia Yi Lun" and "Donglan Pear Blossoms"
2. Poems
There are about 4,000 poems by Su Shi in existence. His poems are broad in content and diverse in style, and are mainly bold and unrestrained. , The writing style is vertical and horizontal, and the colorful portrait of Su Shi is extremely varied
It has a romantic color and opened up a new path for the development of Song poetry. Xie Zhou's "Original Poems" said: "Su Shi's poems have opened up a realm unprecedented in ancient and modern times. Everything in the world laughs and curses, and they are all inspired by the writing." Zhao Yi's "Oubei Poetry Talk" said: "Take text as poetry , starting from Changli, to Dongpo, he became more and more eloquent, opened up new perspectives, and became a grand view of the generation... Especially those who are unreachable, they are born with a strong pen, as refreshing as a sad pear, and they can be cut quickly. There is a hidden secret that must be reached, and it is not difficult to reveal it. This is why he became a great poet after Li and Du, but he is not as good as Li and Du because of this. "His poems are fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggerated metaphors, and have a unique style in artistic expression. A few poems can also reflect the sufferings of the people and accuse the rulers of their luxury and arrogance. Ci Kai is bold and unrestrained, which has a great influence on future generations. "Nian Nujiao·Chibi Nostalgia" and "Shui Diao Ge Tou·Bingchen Mid-Autumn Festival" are widely recited. Poems include "Seven Collections of Dongpo" and so on. There are more than 340 poems written by Su Shi in existence, which break through the narrow themes of love and separation between men and women and have broad social content. Su Shi occupies a special position in the history of Chinese poetry. He expanded the spirit of the Northern Song Dynasty's poetry innovation movement to the field of Ci, swept away the traditional Ci style since the late Tang and Five Dynasties, and created the Bold Ci School that stood side by side with the Graceful School. He expanded the subject matter of Ci and enriched the artistic conception of Ci. It broke through the boundaries of poetry in Shizhuang and made a significant contribution to the innovation and development of poetry. Famous works include "Nian Nujiao", "Shui Diao Ge Tou", etc., which pioneered the bold style of poetry, and was called "Su Xin" together with Xin Qiji. Liu Chenweng said in the "Preface to Xin Jiaxuan's Ci": "When the poem reaches Dongpo, it is upright and upright, like poetry, like writing, like the wonders of heaven and earth.
"Selection of Su Shi's poems and poems: 1 "Red Cliff Ode" 2 "Later Red Cliff Ode" 3 "The Story of Shizhong Mountain" 4 "Leaving Yingkou and Seeing Huaishan Mountain for the First Time, Arriving in Shouzhou That Day" 5 "Spring Night" 6 "Begonia" 7 "Hezi "Nostalgia from Mianchi" 8 "He Zi from Outing" 9 "Flower Shadow" 10 "Hui Chong's Evening Scene on the Spring River" (This poem was written by the author Su Shi after watching Hui Chong's painting "Evening Scene on the Spring River") 11 "Visiting Hui Qinhui on a trip to Gushan during the twelfth lunar month" "Thinking of Two Monks" 12 "Drunk Book at Wanghu Tower on June 27th" 13 "March 29th" 14 "Serving Banquet in Shangyuan" 15 "Shi Cangshu Drunken Mo Hall" 16 "Book of Autumn Scenery Painted by Li Shinan" 17 "Inscription on Jinshan Temple" 18 "Inscription on the West Forest Wall" 19 "Evening View of Wanghai Tower" 20 "Book Wall of Beitai after Snow" 21 "Drinking on the Lake at First Sunny and Later Rain" 22 "Heavy Rain in Youmei Hall" 23 "Eastern Miscellaneous Flowers Living in Dinghuiyuan" There are begonias all over the mountain that natives don’t know how valuable they are” 24 “As a gift to Liu Jingwen” 25 “On the 20th day of the first lunar month, I went to Qiting. Pan, Gu and Guo from the county gave me a gift to Yu Queen’s East Zen Villa” 26 “On the 20th day of the first lunar month, I went to Qiting. On the same day, Pan Guo Ersheng went out to the countryside to find spring, and suddenly he remembered that it was the same day last year that we went to the Queen's City to compose poems and preface rhymes. 29 "Die Lian Hua (the flowers have faded to red, green and apricots are small)" 30 "Die Lian Hua (remember the first meeting on the painting screen)" 31 "Die Lian Hua (Shangyuan, Mizhou)" 32 "Ding Feng Bo (I often admire the jade in the world)" Lang)" 33 "Ding Feng Bo (Don't listen to the sound of beating leaves through the forest)" 34 "Water Dragon Yin·Ci Yun Zhang Zhi Hu Yang Hua Ci" 35 "Dong Xian Song (Bing Muscle Jade Bone)" 36 "Dong Xian Song (Jiangnan La)" (finished)" 37 "Congratulations to the Bridegroom (Breast Swallow Feihua House)" 38 "Huanxi Sand (Covered with Green Wheat)" 39 "Huanxi Sand (Painted Falcon Crossing the River Happy to Visit Again)" 40 "Huanxi Sand (Mountain Colors Invasion and Dim Clouds)" )》 41 "Huanxi Sha (orchid buds at the foot of the mountain are soaked in the stream)" 42 "Huanxi Sha (send Mei Tinglao to go to the party to study as an official)" 43 "Huanxi Sha (the drizzle and the slanting wind make a slight cold)" 44 "Huanxi Sha (meaning)" 45 " Huanxi Sand (the sun shines deep red and warms the fish)" 46 "Magnolia (Spring Moon)" 47 "Magnolia (Empty Bed Rings)" 48 Jiangchengzi (Cui'e is shy and timid) 49 "Jiang Chengzi (the same poem as Zhang Xian on the lake)" 50 "Jiang Chengzi·Hunting in Mizhou (I talked about being a teenager)" 51 "Jiang Chengzi (Wandering in the End of the World with endless thoughts)" 52 "Jiang Chengzi·Dreams on the night of the twentieth day of the first lunar month of Yi Mao" (Ten years of life and death)" 53 "Linjiang Immortal (Drinking at Dongpo at night and waking up drunk)" 54 "Man Jiang Hong (Jiang Han comes from the west)" 55 "Man Jiang Hong (Qing Ying flows eastward)" 56 "Man Ting Fang (Thirty) Three years)" 57 "Magnolia Flower Ling (The Rhyme of Western Lake by Second Ou Gong)" 58 "Nan Gezi (The Rain is Dark and the First Suspicious Night)" 59 "Nanxiangzi (The Frozen Birds Full of Sparse Fences)" 60 "Nanxiangzi (Liang Jing) Bisha Kitchen)" 61 "Nanxiangzi (Collection of Frost and Water Traces)" 62 "Nanxiangzi (Remembering the Past)" 63 "Nian Nujiao (Reminiscence of the Ancients at Red Cliff)" 64 "Qin Yuanchun (Lights in the Lonely House)" 65 " Qinyuanchun (Love is like a chain)" 66 "The Sapphire Case (Three Years' Pillow on Wuzhong Road)" 67 "Ruan Lang Returns (Early Summer)" 68 "Youth Travel (Sent Off Last Year)" 69 "Shao Ben (Bend for Rice)" 70 "Shui Tiao Ge Tou (Sunset Embroidered Curtain Scroll)" 71 "Shui Tiao Ge Tou (When Will the Bright Moon Come)" 72 "Outing" 73 "Spring in the Jade House" 74 "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple" (Yuanfeng Sixth Year) 75 "Ode to the Sharp Rat" 76 "Ode to the Former Red Cliff" Su Shi encouraged himself in the couplet: Even if there is no way to find a way, he will not fall into the wilderness and live with others.
3. Calligraphy
Su Shi is also good at it Xing and regular scripts, together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang, are known as the "Four Schools of Song Dynasty". He studied the "Portrait of Su Shi" painted by Zhao Mengfu of the Jin, Tang, and Five Dynasties and the Yuan Dynasty
Famous painters, and relied on Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing, and Yang Ningshi to form his own family and create his own Novelty. The writing style is plump and full of emotions, giving it a sense of innocence and innocence. Zi said: "I can't create my own calligraphy"; another said: "I come up with new ideas and do not follow the ancients." Huang Tingjian said: "In his early years, he was very good at using the pen, but he was not as good as the elder who gradually approached nature"; another said: "When he arrived in Huangzhou Later, his strokes were extremely powerful. "In his later years, he had the momentum of overseas turbulence, and his knowledge, broadmindedness, and knowledge were outstanding, and he experienced many ups and downs in his life. His calligraphy style is full of ups and downs, innocent and vast. You can imagine his calligraphy by looking at it. As a person. At that time, his brothers and nephews You, Mai, and Guo, and his friends Wang Dingguo and Zhao Lingju all learned from him; later historical celebrities such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong, Lu You, Wu Kuan, and Zhang Zhidong in the Qing Dynasty also learned from him. They all learned from him, which shows his great influence. Huang Tingjian said in "Valley Collection": "Those who are good at calligraphy in this dynasty should naturally recommend (Su) as the first.
" A list of Su Shi's calligraphy works: "Zhongshan Song Mage Ode", "Dongting Spring Scenery Ode", "People Come to Get Calligraphy Posts", "Thanks to Civil Teachers Paper Posts", "River Shang Posts", "Huangzhou Cold Food Poems Posts", "Li Baixian Poems Posts" and "Second Rhymes" "Qin Taixu's Poems" Appreciation of Su Shi's calligraphy (20 photos) "Du Hai Tie" "Ji Dao Wenjuan" "Plum Blossom Poems" "Qian Chibi Ode" "Dongwu Tie" "Beiyou Tie" "New Year's Celebration" "Tie" "Baoyue Tie" "Lingzi Tie" "To Nangui Shijun" "Ci Biancai Rhyme" "One Night Post" "Chenkui Pavilion Stele" "To Ruoxu Chief Supervisor Ruler" "Huaisu's Preface" "Jinren" "Tie", "With Fan Zifeng", etc.
IV. Painting
In terms of painting, Su Shi painted ink and bamboo, learning from Wen Tong (that is, Wen and Ke), which is simpler and more vigorous than Wen, and has unique characteristics. Mi Fu painted "Dongpo Portrait" by Sun Kehong of the Ming Dynasty.
He made ink bamboo from the ground to the top. I asked: Why not divide it section by section? Said: When the bamboo grows, why does it grow section by section? "He is also good at making dead wood and strange rocks. Mi Fu also said: "When making dead wood branches, they curl up without any reason; the stones are hard and cracked, and they are also strange and strange without any reason, just like the feeling of depression in the chest. "It can be seen that his paintings are very imaginative and far-reaching. He has outstanding opinions on calligraphy and painting, and his influence on painting is even more far-reaching. For example, he attaches great importance to spiritual resemblance, and believes that "when talking about painting, it is based on the shape of the resemblance. Sustenance, opposition to similarity of form, opposition to the constraints of formula, advocating "the originality of poetry and painting, natural craftsmanship and freshness", and clearly put forward the concept of "scholar painting", etc., and spoke highly of the artistic attainments of "painting in poetry, poetry in painting" . It laid the theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of "literati painting". The surviving writings include "Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry", "Chibi Fu", "Essays in Appreciation to Civil Teachers", "Jidao Wen on Honoring Huang", and "Qian Chibi Fu". ", etc. The surviving paintings include "Scroll of Ancient Trees and Strange Rocks" and "Scroll of Bamboo and Stone"; and the "Scroll of Bamboo and Stone of Xiaoxiang" discovered in recent years is also his work. In the Song Dynasty, when there were many talents, Su Shi made great achievements in poetry, prose, and poetry. He has achieved peak success in many aspects such as calligraphy and painting. He is a rare literary and artistic genius in Chinese history.
Edit this paragraph's poetry style
Su Shi's poetry style can be divided into three. Category:
1. Bold style
This is the ideal style that Su Shi deliberately pursued. He integrated rich, passionate and even slightly sad emotions into his poems to describe Chen Hongshou in the late Ming Dynasty. Painting "Dong Slope Picture"
The objects win with generous and heroic images and vast and majestic scenes;
2. Broad-minded style
This is the most representative The style of poetry that reflects Su Shi's thoughts and character expresses the poet's desire to live in seclusion, avoid troubled times, and look forward to peace.
3. Graceful style
The number of Su Shi's graceful words is attributable to his poetry. They account for an overwhelming proportion of the total number of poems. These words are pure and profound in emotion, and have a healthy and noble style. They are also an inheritance and development of traditional graceful words. In July 1079, when Su Shi was in office in Huzhou, he was convicted of the Wutai Poetry Case. He was imprisoned and was exiled to Huangzhou in January of the following year. Before the poetry case, Su Shi had served as the governor of Mizhou, the prefect of Xuzhou, and the prefect of Huzhou. His overall style of poetry was outstanding. The long sky in the desert is free and easy, and the content mostly refers to the official life to express political pride. After the poem, although there was a period of time when he was an imperial scholar, his works rarely showed the boldness and elegance of Jun Yao and Shun. On the contrary, they became more and more popular. Turning to nature and understanding of life. As for his exile in Huizhou and Danzhou in his later years, his indifferent and open-minded state of mind became more obvious. Inheriting the style of Huangzhou period works, he restrained his life and moved things around to achieve a state of tranquility. . Taking the Wutai Poetry Case as the boundary, Su Shi's poetry works have inheritance and obvious differences in creation. Behind the "going back" complex that runs throughout, we can see that the poet's writing style has gradually shifted from the boyish sighing to the middle. The helplessness of old age and the magnanimity of old age - growing older and more mature, lead to dullness. First of all, in terms of subject matter, the early works mainly reflected Su Shi's "specific political worries", while the later works focused on " He hates evil as much as he hates it, and when encountering evil, he is "like a fly on the stage, vomiting". His flowing works triggered the Wutai Poetry Case. Huangzhou was relegated to life, which gave him "the harshness of satire and the sharpness of his writing" The sharpness, as well as the tension and anger, have all disappeared, and what has appeared in their place is a kind of radiant warmth, kindness and tolerance. Sweet and mature, thorough and deep. "Secondly, in terms of culture, he advocated Confucianism in the early period and Taoism and Buddhism in the later period. In the early period, he had the social responsibility advocated by Confucianism, and he was deeply concerned about the suffering of the people; in the later period, especially after being demoted twice, the late Qing painter Qian Hui'an painted " Su Dongpo visited Chengtian Temple at night"
He advocated Taoist culture more and returned to Buddhism in an attempt to gain religious liberation. He was deeply inspired by the Buddhist teaching that "the ordinary mind is the Tao" and stayed in Huangzhou. People in Huizhou, Danzhou and other places lived a real farmer's life and enjoyed it. Thirdly, in terms of style, the early works were majestic and bold, like a flood breaking a bank, while the later works were ethereal, timeless, simple and light. , such as the fragrance of deep willow and white pear flowers is far more clear.
As far as lyrics are concerned, looking at Su Shi's more than 300 lyrics, there are only a few works that are truly bold and bold. According to Mr. Zhu Jinghua's statistics, similar works account for about one-tenth of all Su Shi's lyrics, and most of them are concentrated. In Xuzhou, Miss., it was the mainstream of creation during that period. Although these works are not dominant in quantity, they truly reflect Su Shi's mentality of actively pursuing official career during that period. Some of the later works not only have the style of local customs, but also entertain the guests, and are beautiful and charming. Such as chanting about objects and romance, describing travels and scenery, feeling nostalgic about the past, giving and leaving farewells, pastoral scenery, talking about Zen and reasoning, they are almost all-encompassing and colorful. This part accounts for about nine out of ten of Su Shi's poems, and there is a strong sense of Zhuangzi turning into a butterfly and forgetting all things and myself. At this point, he has expelled all dissatisfaction with reality and politics, hysterical roars, and needle-point criticism. Its subject matter becomes wider and wider, and its style becomes more and more plain and far-reaching.
Edit this section of a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation
1. I hope that people will live long and travel thousands of miles to meet the beautiful lady. Song of Water Melodies 2. Sleeping in the misty rain in the south of the Yangtze River, there is no lonely place. Water tune song 3. The laughter gradually fades away and the sound becomes quieter, but the passion is ruthlessly annoyed by butterflies and flowers. 4. There are few willow trees blowing on the branches, where is there no fragrant grass in the end of the world? Same as above 5. Ten years of life and death are so vast that they cannot be forgotten without thinking about them. Jiang Chengzi 6. A lonely tomb thousands of miles away, nowhere to express its desolation. Same as above 7. Looking at each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears. Same as above 8. He can draw the eagle bow like the full moon, look northwest, and shoot at the wolf. Jiangchengzi·Hunting in Mizhou 9. I want to send thousands of tears to express my love, but they cannot be shed, Chu Jiangdong. Jiang Chengzi 10. Wandering at the end of the world, I have endless thoughts! We met, but in a hurry. Jiang Chengzi 11. The great river goes eastward, and the waves are gone, and the heroes of the ages are revealed. Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgic Su Shi's calligraphy (19 photos) 12. The sentimental wind blows thousands of miles away, and the ruthless tide sends it back. Eight Sounds of Ganzhou 13. Don’t say that everything is empty when you turn around. When you don’t turn around, it’s all a dream. Xijiang Moon 14. Who is alone with me during the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking northward sadly? Xijiang Moon 15. The high emotions have chased the dawn clouds and do not dream of pear blossoms. Xijiang Moon 16. I always regret that this body is not mine, when will I forget Yingying? Linjiang Fairy 17. The boat passed away from now on, and the river and sea left it for the rest of my life. Same as above 18. If this night in this life is not good, where can I see the bright moon next year? Yangguan Qu 19. Taste in the world is pure joy. Huanxi Sand 20. Picking up all the cold branches and refusing to live on them, the lonely sandbank is cold. Bu Suanzi·Yong Mei 21. Looking closely, it is not poplar flowers, but the tears of separation. Water Dragon Yin 22. It rained in the middle of the night last night, and it was cool all day long. Partridge Sky 23. Looking back to the bleak place where I came from, there is no wind or rain or sunshine when I return. Set the Wind and Waves
Poetry
1. If you want to compare the West Lake to the West, it is always appropriate to put on light makeup and heavy makeup. Drinking on the lake at first clear and then rain 2. A moment of spring night is worth a thousand pieces of gold, the flowers are fragrant and the moon is cloudy. Spring Night 3. The flowers bloomed and butterflies flew on the streets, and the country was still different from what it had been in the past. Flowers on the Moshang 4. Wealth and wealth were exposed during life, but flowers on the Moshang were romantic after death. Flowers on Moshang 5. It is not shameful for a person to wear a hairpin when he is old, but he should be ashamed to wear a flower on an old man’s head. Viewing peonies at Kichijoji Temple 6. The country is so unrequited that the river god is so stubborn that I am stubborn when he sees something strange. Visiting Jinshan Temple 7. People come with letters like autumn leaves, and things leave no trace like spring dreams. On the 20th of the first lunar month, I went out to the suburbs with Pan Guo Ersheng to look for spring. I suddenly remembered that we went to the Queen's City on the same day last year to compose poems and prefaces. 8. There are two or three branches of peach blossoms outside the bamboo, and ducks are prophets of the warmth of the spring river. Huichong Chunjiang Evening Scene 9. I don’t hate the nine deaths in the southern wilderness, but I am here to travel to the wonders of my life! Crossing the sea on the night of June 20th 10. Who embellishes the clouds and the bright moon, making the sky clear and the color of the sea clear. Same as above 11. The falcons are nowhere to be found when the sky is low, but the Central Plains is as soon as the green mountains rise. Chengmaiyi Tongchao Pavilion 12. Lushan misty rain and Zhejiang tide, I can't help but hate it before it arrives. Misty Rain in Lushan Mountain 13. The sky is dark and the wind blows across the sea, and flying rain comes across the river from eastern Zhejiang. Heavy rain in Youmeitang 14. Eat three hundred lychees a day, and you will grow up to be a Lingnan native. Huizhou's Unique 15. A snowy tree in the east column of melancholy makes life so clear. Donglan Pear Blossom 16. Everywhere in life is similar, it should be like a flying dragon stepping on slush. He Zi nostalgic from Mianchi 17. I don’t know the true face of Mount Lu, just because I am in this mountain.
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