It is kite-tying, Yangjiabu New Year paintings and Shandong Allegro.
1. Kite-making
The main place of production of kites in Shandong is Weifang.
Weifang is the birthplace of kites in the world. Weifang is also known as Wedu and Kite City. It has a long history of making kites and exquisite craftsmanship. Weifang kites are traditional handicraft treasures of the Han people in Weifang, Shandong Province, and are traditional folk festival cultural customs. It is one of the intangible cultural heritages. Now more than 70% of the kites in the world are exported from Weifang. In May 2006, Weifang kites were included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists. The conference headquarters of the "International Kite Federation" is also set in Weifang. Now Weifang has become the center of world kite cultural exchange and is called the hometown of kites by people all over the world. Weifang kites, like many Chinese folk art forms, originate from people's entertainment activities. They are entertainment products that entrust people's ideals and wishes and are closely related to people's lives.
The origin of Weifang kites can be traced back to the first "wooden kite" made by Mo Zhai, a great thinker of the Lu State. It has a history of more than 2,000 years, but it really began to flourish and become popular among the people in the Ming Dynasty. . By the middle of the Qing Dynasty, folk artists specializing in kite making began to appear in Weifang. Along the Bailang River in Weixian County, there are many kite artists making kites. They are novel and beautiful, take off high and stable, and are famous far and wide. There are private or government-organized kite competitions every year, and many kite vendors and kite artists from other places also come here. This is the prototype of Weifang kites originating from the Bailang River Fair in Weifang City.
Weifang kites, due to the attention of the local government and the love of the people, along with the continuous holding of the International Weifang Kite Festival, have become a cultural symbol of contemporary Weifang people, and they have crossed the ocean. It has connected friendship with people all over the world and has become a huge lever for Weifang's economic development. The production of Weifang kites has also embarked on the road of combining traditional techniques with modern new technologies, entering a new era of kite development.
2. Yangjiabu New Year Pictures
Yangjiabu New Year Pictures, Yangliuqing in Tianjin and Taohuawu in Suzhou are known as the three major producing areas of Han folk woodblock New Year pictures, and enjoy a high reputation in the world of woodblock New Year pictures.
Weifang Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures are traditional folk crafts of the Han nationality with a long history in Shandong Province. It emerged in the Ming Dynasty and was all hand-operated and made in traditional ways. In the early stages of its development, it was influenced by Yangliuqing paintings. It reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty. At one time, there were "hundreds of painting shops in Yangjiabu, with over a thousand types of paintings and tens of thousands of paintings." Shengjing, products are distributed all over the country. Among them, Dong Dashun Painting Store, the largest, has more than 300 sets of painting plates and produces more than one million paintings annually. Yangjiabu New Year paintings have a wide range of genres, rich imagination, heavy use of primary colors, rough lines and simple style. Woodblock New Year pictures are the epitome of farming society. Their works such as Tian God, Cang God, Well God, and God's Gesture reveal the ancient Han working people's prayers for good harvests, and are of great significance for studying the production development, folk customs, and ideologies of Han farming society. important value.
Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures have a unique artistic style. To sum up: its content is closely related to the production and life of the peasant masses, and is permeated with a strong and simple local flavor. It is general and symbolic in expression. It often uses romantic and exaggerated techniques to express the theme, and combines poetry and painting. Its composition is complete, full, well-proportioned, and rich in decoration. Its shape is exaggerated, thick, and simple, and its lines are concise, straight, and straight. Smooth, brightly colored, and with strong contrast, Yangjiabu New Year paintings are real peasant paintings. They typically embody the rough, unrestrained, hard-working, humorous, clear-cut character and noble moral sentiments of farmers in northern China, and reflect their The joys, sorrows and joys in working life and healthy aesthetic taste. Although Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures are rustic, they highlight the characteristics of our nation and the temperament and style of farmers in northern my country.
Yangjiabu New Year pictures are rich in content, including statues of gods, door gods, beauty strips, golden boys, flowers and birds, landscapes, dramatic figures, myths and legends, etc. At the same time, there are also works that reflect folk life and criticize current ills. But happiness and auspiciousness are the theme of Yangjiabu New Year paintings. Messages such as good luck, happy New Year, congratulations on getting rich, precious prosperity, abundant abundance every year, peace and equality, like blessings from relatives and greetings from friends, constitute the characteristics of farmers' New Year's peace and joy, and their wish for wealth and peace. The Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures are novel and diverse in style, ranging from the Wumen God on the door, the blessing lanterns on the screen wall, the beauty strips on the door, the golden boy, to the paintings of the nave, the kitchen king, and the kang head in the room, etc. , everywhere.
3. Shandong Allegro
Shandong Allegro is a Han rap art. Allegro script evolved from Shu Lai Bao. It gets its name because it uses two large bamboo boards (Dabaner) and five small bamboo boards (Jiezibaner). The large and small bamboo boards are collectively called "seven boards".
In the past, when artists performed along the street, they often improvised lyrics orally when they saw the scenery. They say whatever they see and are good at making up and singing along to promote their own opinions and express their feelings. From editing, performing, to singing, it is faster than any other form. For example, a libretto compiled by Cao Dekui, a Shu Lai Bao artist in the late Qing Dynasty (at that time, cow bones were used to beat the beat): The sound of the bones is continuous, and does not indicate anything else. In the era of autocracy, people suffered and everyone was reduced to skeletons due to hunger. Since the Gengzi reign of Guangxu, there has been a Boxer Rebellion in Beijing. The soldiers outside were in panic, and black smoke was rising everywhere in the city. Seeing the Qing Dynasty being overthrown, all the people agreed. It vividly reflects the aspirations of the people.
In the War of Liberation, Shulaibao's combat role was further played in the people's army. The soldiers performed a large number of allegro works to boost their morale. Comrade Bi Gefei, known as the "Allegro King", praised Allegro and said: "Singing heroes sing victory, and criticism is specific and practical." It’s fun to use it for entertainment, and the guidance work is meaningful. There are two main forms of Allegro performances: one person singing and two people singing in sync.
After liberation, Shandong Allegro gained great opportunities for development, and classic works such as "Wu Song Fights the Tiger", "Ma Benzhai", "Li Kui Seizes the Fish", and "Ruda Removes Hegemony" emerged. At the same time, it also It has cultivated famous artists such as Liu Hongbin, Song Xinmin, Kong Jianwen, Yang Lide, and Ma Guangli.