Sacrifice to social gods: "March 3rd" is a day for Buyi people to worship gods and pray. On the third day of March, men went up the mountain to offer sacrifices to mountain gods. Organizers (sacrifices) are mostly Bumo (that is, Mogong, the inheritor of Moho culture). At the beginning of the activity, cows or pigs are slaughtered first. At this time, families will take more than a dozen pieces of money paper prepared in advance, and at least five or six pieces will be stained with the blood of cows. After preparation, they will take it to hang in the fields or fields, indicating that this field has been under the jurisdiction of people, and wild ghosts dare not invade, and pests and diseases dare not invade to ensure a bumper harvest. People lit incense and red candles, and there were sacrifices on the stone table (there must be flowers and rice). Zhai Lao stood on the steps in front of the mountain temple and shouted: "The worship ceremony begins!" The villagers in the audience stepped in front of the social gods, looking dignified and solemn, and the mountains became silent. Under the leadership of Zhai Lao, the villagers knelt on their knees and kowtowed three times. Zhai Lao prayed for the blessing of the mountain gods, read out the warnings of the gods and the village rules and regulations, and sought everyone's opinions. After the dissent is unified, everyone kneels in front of the temple and promises not to keep the promise and obey the village rules, otherwise they will be punished by the mountain gods. Sacrifice to mountain gods, water gods and village gods on March 3.

offering sacrifices to national heroes: there are national heroes in legends and ancient heroes such as Wang Nangxian and He Lianji. Sweeping the stockade: Mogong organized a team to sweep the demons and evils of each farmer's house out of the house, and sweep the demons and evils of the stockade out of the stockade to ensure the safety of one party. "Silkworm Sacrificing to the Ground": It is said that in ancient times, in order to prevent young acres from being damaged by pests, a farmer fried corn flowers to feed silkworms in spring sowing, and as a result, his seedlings were saved. Planting trees to hang green (grave-sweeping): In every household, the male host carries a backpack and sickle and holds a hoe, while the female host carries a sacrifice and leads the children. She goes to great pains to finish all her ancestral graves in one month, and plants trees on the grave hill as a souvenir. There are also cases where clans collectively go to ancestral graves to hang green, and everyone kills pigs and chickens. Married girls should go back to their parents' homes with sacrificial items to attend the hanging ceremony. Go for an outing: The custom of going for an outing is very old, and it is basically formed with hanging green graves. When people go for an outing in Shan Ye, children pick tender maple leaves and throw them into balls, while women pick a few tender maple leaves and put them on the bun, and put the branches of maple trees around the house. Of course, outing is not just about love, but more importantly, games and entertainment. People who are constrained to work can now gallop in the countryside and Shan Ye. As a result, girls hang swings on trees, and boys fly kites and shoot water guns in the open space. Dui Ge: Dui Ge's custom is also very old, which is basically accompanied by hanging out. Gather people to drink and connect with each other. Singing folk songs by young men and women is the theme of Buyi people's "March 3" activities. Singing is the most important activity after the worship. Carry out social activities through singing, make friends through singing, and seek a spouse. Traditional sports: During the duet, in addition to singing folk songs, there are also traditional activities such as hunting, throwing chaff bags, "playing guitar" (unicorn dance), "getting pulp" (similar to gyro), bullfighting, cockfighting, horse racing, horse bar (similar to stilts) confrontation, playing bamboo water guns, playing Buyi chess, swinging and flying kites. Economic and trade exchange activities in traditional rural areas: During the Buyi people's "March 3" festival, with the increase of the number of people who came to participate, there appeared vendors who served the activities. They were full of goods, ranging from furniture to various daily necessities, as well as ornaments and foods unique to all ethnic groups. Furthermore, it has developed into a grand meeting of material exchange and commodity trading with national characteristics, which has promoted the economic and trade development of Buyi areas. The Buyi people's "March 3rd" is the most common traditional festival of Buyi people, and its festival source and activity content are different with different living areas. The origin of Buyi people's "March 3" is related to sacrifice and gratitude. The Buyi people's "March 3rd" with recorded Chinese characters is the most solemn religious ceremony. Buyi ancestors, "their vulgarity is afraid of ghosts and gods, especially their worship" (Wei Shou, Wei Shu Liao Zhuan, Volume 111, Twenty-five History, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1986, p. 259); In 1854, Xingyi Fuzhi recorded the Buyi folk custom of "March 3", that is, the "land gods are worshipped in urban and rural areas on the third day of March, the sixth day of June and the ninth day of September" in Hongshui River in Panjiang. "Every year, on the third day of March, pigs and cows are sacrificed to the mountain, and each village is divided into meat. Men and women drink alcohol and eat yellow rice. Miao language regards it as a "more general", and it is also a "small year" in Chinese. On the third and fourth days, the villages are blocked, and those who make mistakes will be punished. " Then, in the Qingming Festival, paper money is hung on the tomb, which is called "hanging green". Huang Jinming, a tribute to Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, described the folk custom of Wang Mo's "March 3" as "peaches and plums bloom on March 3, and the whistling blows warm the blue clouds." Women looking for men to find women, a pretty song is awkward. " Zhang Guohua, deputy tribute student of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, also confirmed the sacrificial status of Buyi people in Wangmo, saying that "when people heard that there was a drought, they prayed for rain, and the cattle butchers went to the back hills", and when they ate the cattle, it was rain.

Buyi people's custom of March 3rd

Ayong Learning Etiquette of Buyi Ancestors in Buyi People's Sacrifice Songs (Ancient Songs of Mo Culture) is the beginning of offering sacrifices to parents (Wei Yongqin, Buyi Work Newsletter, World Knowledge Publishing House, p. 187); The Buyi people's classic folk literature "Capsule Lotus Spot" also talks about selling granary sellers to bury their parents (the famous Buyi people say that the singer Wang Ma loves Tian often sings like this); Buyi opera also has a script to sell oneself to bury parents. If we infer the origin of "March 3" according to the Buyi people's sacrificial legends, this folk custom has a history of thousands of years.

The origin of "March 3rd" in the riverside area of Hongshui River in Wangmo County and Luodian County is related to the folk custom of "hanging green on the grave". Buyi families or clans collectively go to ancestral graves to hang green flowers and kill pigs and sheep. On this day of the festival, people go for an outing in Shan Ye. Children pick tender maple leaves to make balls and throw them or wear maple leaf clothes. Women pick several tender maple leaves and insert them in the bun. By the way, they collect branches of maple trees and take them home and insert them in the walls around the house. In addition, every family dyed glutinous rice into colorful colors and made it into glutinous rice. Young people go to the hillside to blow konoha leaves and sing folk songs. If you meet a satisfactory opponent, you will be invited to Buyi village in the evening and sing songs all night. When leaving, the host used banana leaves to wrap glutinous rice and chicken leg meat and distributed them to the children as holiday gifts. The "March 3rd" in the central part of Wangmo County is related to the flower rice. At that time, there were only three colors of flower rice, black for thanking father, yellow for thanking mother and purple for thanking matchmaker. With the deepening of people's emotions, flower rice has become five-color flower rice. Another legend is that a long time ago, a woman of Buyi family wanted to visit her parents, but because of her poor family, she decided to make flower rice and take it home to honor her parents, and as a result, she won everyone's respect. The third argument is that a woman came to her lover's grave to express her grief with flowers and rice. People were moved by this woman's actions, and realized that it is still the case to miss her lover. Everyone should be more filial and grateful to their parents, so there is a folk custom like "March 3". The origin of "March 3rd" in Guiyang is related to the folk custom of "Silkworm Sacrificing to the Ground". Legend has it that in ancient times, there was a plowman who used many methods to sacrifice his young mu to avoid pests, but none of them worked. Later, when he was sowing in spring, he fried corn flowers to feed the ground silkworm, and as a result, he saved the seedlings. Since then, in order to protect crops and strive for a bumper harvest, Buyi people in this area fry corn flowers as offerings on the third day of March every year, and go to nearby hillsides in groups of three to five to offer sacrifices to "gods and ground silkworms", praying for the blessing of the gods, so that the ground silkworms will not kill the seedlings in the fields and let the grains harvest. After the sacrifice, people sang folk songs while walking along the ridge of the field, and scattered corn flowers into the field.

related to "offering sacrifices to national heroes"

The origin of "March 3rd" is related to "offering sacrifices to national heroes". Legend has it that when the flood hit the sky, it was Bujie, the ancestor of Buyi nationality, who punished Lei Gong, eliminated the flood, planted rice and finally died of exhaustion. In order to commemorate him, people chose to kill pigs and sheep in the wild on the third day of the third lunar month, and set up tents and singing platforms to praise him with maple trees representing good luck. Buyi is an indigenous people in the north and south Panjiang River Basin, and most of them live in bazi, with good water sources and fertile land. According to "Guizhou Folk Tales Integration Anlong Volume", at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a foreign tribe wanted to capture 48 Buyi villages in Longguang (including Tianba Village). At that time, Cen Peng and Ma Wu, the Han generals stationed in Guangxi, led troops to fight against the enemy together with Buyi people, and unfortunately died in the battle. It was the snake farm day on the third day of the third lunar month. People buried these two heroes on the mound between Nana and Zhemian Village in Tianba Village, erected a monument for them, built an ancestral temple, and set the first snake farm day after the third day of the third lunar month as a commemorative day. The Buyi people have offered two heroes as worshippers, and once a year, they hold a grand ritual activity, which lasts for three days. However, the ritual activity is no longer the main content of everyone's attention, and the singing of songs to Tianba "driving out Chinese fir trees" is well known, that is, it has evolved into a traditional music folk festival of Buyi people. Sacrifice to Wang Nangxian, Wei Chaoyuan and other heroes "March 3" in Dongsa and Dangzhang of Anlong County is related to the sacrifice to Wang Nangxian (also known as Xiangu), Wei Chaoyuan and other Buyi national heroes. On March 3 every year, Dongsa Village still carries out activities of offering sacrifices to mountains and commemorating Xiangu. In the dam where thousands of acres of rape flowers are sprinkled in the caves in the spring season, the Wang Nangxian Monument in Xiangu Tanaka is more and more tall and solemn. The accompanying villagers said that in the 1981s, from the fifth day to the eighth day, tens of thousands of people of all ethnic groups in places such as Ceheng, Wangmo, Xingyi, Zhenfeng and even Anshun and Ziyun spontaneously gathered from all directions to commemorate the heroes and heroes, and held various mourning activities in three days. The history related to the ancient Shangsi Festival can also prove that "March 3" is related to the ancient Shangsi Festival, which is a festival of the Han nationality, Buyi nationality and other nationalities. However, in the process of inheritance and development of all ethnic groups, some ethnic groups still maintain this folk custom, while others have given up. In a word, "March 3" has not disappeared, it has turned from the Han area to the Buyi and other ethnic minority areas, and it exists in the world under a variety of names. Today's "March 3" of Buyi people inherits and develops the "March 3" culture of the Chinese nation, where people can experience the ancient cultural connotation of Buyi people. National characteristics: The Buyi people's "March 3rd" has the characteristics of Buyi culture, and it is a folk custom that has been passed down from generation to generation.

Buyi people's March 3rd duet

Social characteristics: Buyi people's March 3rd is a custom and habit formed and agreed by Buyi people in their common life, which has a wide range of masses, such as the system of making village rules and regulations. Collective characteristics: Buyi people's "March 3" is the result of collective creation, which is circulated in folk customs, developed by collective response, enrichment and inheritance from generation to generation. Stability characteristics: Buyi people's "March 3" is observed by Buyi people and becomes the standard to restrain their behavior; It is relatively stable and has formed a certain scale in the process of inheritance and development. Variability: The Buyi people's "March 3rd" has changed in content and form due to social, political and life factors. For example, economic and trade activities have become an important manifestation of "March 3rd". Characteristics of cultural blending: Buyi people's "March 3" contains cultural connotations such as filial piety, gratitude, harmony, joy, wealth, auspiciousness, unity and love. Buyi people believe that no matter how old an official you are and how many books you read, you must go home to sweep the grave on March 3. Buyi people have such a folk custom that they have to get up early on March 3 and sit late on June 6. On this day, people get up earlier than that day, and after cooking the flower rice, they burn incense to their ancestors and their benefactors. "March 3" is a festival of "national unity", and it is a great pleasure for all ethnic groups to communicate with each other. Folk value of March 3rd of Buyi nationality: Folk value: March 3rd reflects the most authentic living and cultural state of Buyi nationality. By inheriting and developing March 3rd of Buyi nationality, the cultural state of Buyi people can be truly restored.

Religious value: The primitive religious Mo culture of Buyi people is an important part of "March 3rd", which reflects the evolution of Buyi people's transition from natural religion to humanistic religion and has important reference value for studying the development of human religious culture. Historical value: The Buyi people's "March 3rd" is the product of the Buyi people's development to a certain stage, with typical farming culture. Literary value: "March 3rd" is one of the most important duet festivals of Buyi people. Buyi people's folk literature is mostly expressed in the form of songs, whether it is ancient songs, folk songs or even children's songs. Linguistic value: If Buyi's Mohist literature and ancient songs are the foundation of language, then Buyi's folk songs shoulder the task of modernization of Buyi's language. Because Buyi folk songs are easy to understand and develop with the development of the times, they enrich and develop the vocabulary and grammar of Buyi language. Sociological value: Buyi people's "March 3" embodies the harmony between man and nature, man and man, man and society, and nation and nation, and has a positive effect on the current reform, opening up and modernization. Buyi people believe that trees are the symbol of the soul, and planting trees on March 3 can comfort their ancestors and green their homes at the same time. The value of spiritual civilization construction: it is a very effective way to promote the construction of socialist spiritual civilization in the activities of ethnic minorities' folklore, and we can't ignore that folk activities are an important position for the construction of spiritual civilization in rural areas. Economic value: The ancient "March 3rd" combines the activities of modern civilization, such as economic activities, and "March 3rd" has not only become a cultural brand, but also an economic brand. On the basis of protecting Wangmo's "March 3", we can develop Buyi folk tourism and related foods of "March 3", especially Buyi five-color flower rice. Some Buyi people in Anlong County, Guizhou Province say that March 3rd is the birthday of the shadow "Mountain God". In order to prevent the mountain gods from releasing locusts to harm crops and ensure a bumper harvest in agriculture, people used the custom of sweeping villages and offering sacrifices to the mountain gods. On the third day of March, people set up roosters, knife heads and other offerings in front of the shrines in the villages and mountains, and they also killed a dog, sprinkling blood on paper flags, paper horses and stones at the entrance and exit of the stockade. Then the "Old Devil" and other personnel carried paper flags drenched with dog blood, and paper horses went to every household to sweep away monsters. A bench should be set up at each gate, and a "water bowl" filled with clear water and a bowl filled with rubble and stone particles should be placed on the bench. The "Old Devil" recited the "Magic Sutra" at the gate, played several "agricultural divinations", and then scattered rubble and stones at the house, splashing the water in the water bowl everywhere, overturning the bench in front of the gate and buttoning up the water bowl, meaning to sweep away the devil. Finally, put a paper flag with dog blood on it, put a paper horse on it, and go to his house to sweep it. After all the residents in the village have finished their rounds of sweeping, the "Old Devil Gong" went to the altar to suppress the demons and ghosts swept away in front of the gods, and then the men in the whole village had a meal on the spot at the altar, which was called "eating with the gods". Dewo Town in this county called "March 3rd" as "catching Chinese fir trees" and also called "Chinese fir tree song festival", which lasted for three days and attracted tens of thousands of people.

March 3rd of Buyi people in Badahe River area of Luoping, Yunnan Province is a festival for young men and women to sing in opposite directions. On this day, men, women and children came to the river to listen to young people singing folk songs and watch children rowing bamboo rafts and shooting water guns. Some people also make flowers and glutinous rice for their children and distribute it to the side and the village; Others put eggs and all kinds of food in small cloth pockets for teenagers who play and participate in competitions. Young Buyi men and women in Luoping niujie will hold a grand tour of mountains, singing songs and making friends during these three days. Dozens of young people from all ethnic groups in Fiona Fang will also come to the mountainside of Maba to participate in and watch this traditional song exchange activity. song