The hairy crabs from the Yellow River Estuary are agricultural products with geographical indications.

The hairy crab in the Yellow River Estuary, scientifically known as Chinese mitten crab, is commonly known as hairy crab, clear water crab, etc. It was recognized as a famous brand product by the China International Agricultural Expo in 1999 and 2001, and became one of the superior aquatic products in Shandong Province.

Dongying City, Shandong Province is located at the estuary of the Yellow River and is extremely rich in aquatic products. Hairy crabs from the Yellow River Estuary are one of the major specialties and are the dominant aquatic products of Shandong Province. Hairy crabs in the Yellow River Estuary, scientifically known as Chinese mitten crabs, commonly known as hairy crabs, clear water crabs, etc., are my country's famous freshwater crabs. The hairy crabs from the Yellow River Estuary in Dongying City, Shandong Province are large and fat, with delicate meat, delicious taste and rich nutrition. They are an excellent delicacy on people's dining tables.

Regional Scope

The Yellow River Estuary Hairy Crab is located in Dongying City, with geographical coordinates of 118°07′-119°10′ east longitude and 36°55′-38°10′ north latitude. The Yellow River Estuary hairy crabs that grow naturally in all waters and are cultured in ponds, reservoirs, reed fields and wetlands have a total area of ??33,333 hectares, with an annual output of 3,816 tons of adult crabs.

Natural ecological environment and humanistic and historical factors

(1) Climate conditions: Dongying City is located in a warm temperate semi-humid area, with a continental monsoon climate, with rain and heat in the same season, and four distinct seasons. Spring is dry and windy, the temperature in early spring is unstable, late spring cold often occurs, and late spring warms up quickly, often spring drought occurs; summer is hot and rainy, with high temperature and humidity, and is sometimes attacked by typhoons; in autumn, the temperature drops, the rain drops sharply, and the weather is high and crisp; The weather in winter is dry and cold, with frequent cold winds, sparse rain and snow, and frequent northerly and northwesterly winds. There is no obvious difference in climate between the north and the south within the territory. The annual average temperature is 12.5℃, the frost-free period is 206 days long, the accumulated temperature ≥10℃ is about 4300℃, the light energy resources are abundant, the average annual sunshine hours are 2692.5 hours, and the total annual solar radiation is 123.6-127.6 kcal/cm2. The annual precipitation is 550-600 mm, mostly concentrated in summer. The precipitation in July and August accounts for about half of the annual precipitation.

(2) Hydrological conditions: The Dongying section of the Yellow River starts from the Binzhou boundary, runs through the entire territory of Dongying City from southwest to northeast, and flows into the Bohai Sea in the northeast of Kenli County, with a total length of 138 kilometers. The runoff of the Yellow River varies greatly between years, is unevenly distributed within the year, and contains large amounts of sediment. According to the measured data of Lijin Hydrological Station from 1950 to 2001, the average annual runoff of the Yellow River is 33.26 billion cubic meters, with a maximum of 97.31 billion cubic meters (1964) and a minimum of 1.861 billion cubic meters (1997); the maximum flow is 10,400 cubic meters per second ( July 1958), the minimum flow is a dry river; the average annual sediment load is 836 million tons, with a maximum of 2.1 billion tons (1958) and a minimum of 16 million tons (1997). Since the 1990s, the annual runoff of the Yellow River has decreased, with frequent outages. After 1999, the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission increased the management of water diversion in the Yellow River area, and the flow interruption phenomenon slowed down. In 2000, continuous flow began to be realized. In addition to the Yellow River, the city has 30 backbone drainage rivers. Taking the Yellow River as the dividing line, the south of the Yellow River belongs to the Huaihe River Basin, including the Xiaoqing River and its tributaries Zihe, Yanghe, Nihezi, and Zhuihe Rivers, the Branchmai River and its tributaries Xiaohezi, Wujiadagou, Guangpu River, and Wuganpai River. , Guangli River and its tributaries overflow river, Dongying River, Laoguangpu River, Wuliuganhepai, Liuganpai, Yongfeng River and its tributaries Sanpaigou, Zhangzhen River and Xiaodao River 20 rivers; north of the Yellow River Belonging to the Haihe River Basin, there are 10 rivers including the Chaohe River and its tributaries Chuguan River, Taiping River, Masin River, Zhanli River, Caoqiaogou, Caoqiaogou East Mainstream, Tiaohe River, Shenxiangou and its tributary Xinweidong River. All the above rivers are connected to the Bohai Sea, and they all have the natural distribution of hairy crabs in the Yellow River Estuary. From December to March of the following year, the hairy crabs in the Yellow River Estuary lay eggs in the brackish water area where the fresh water and sea water meet in the estuary. As the hairy crab larvae grow and develop, , go up the river and enter inland freshwater waters to grow.

(3) Yellow River Estuary Wetland: The Yellow River crosses into the sea from the southwest to the northeast from the central part of Dongying City, with a length of 138 kilometers. Over the years, sediment from the Yellow River has accumulated at its mouth, forming the Yellow River Delta. Where the Yellow River enters the sea, there is a 153,000-hectare tidal wetland; the raging river water rushes through it and merges into the sea. In recent years, the sediment carried by the Yellow River has been pushed into the Bohai Bay into the sea at a rate of 3 kilometers per year, causing 30,000 to 40,000 acres of sea area to be silted up and become new land resources. This is the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve established in 1987 to protect wetland ecosystems and rare and endangered birds. The reserve is only 60 kilometers away from the Dongying Municipal Government. It has a temperate monsoon continental climate with four distinct seasons, sufficient sunshine, rain and heat in the same period, and an average annual precipitation of 551.6 mm. This delta is a marine sedimentary plain where a large amount of sediment carried by the Yellow River fills the land of the Bohai Sea depression. The land area newly formed by the swing of the tail of the Yellow River is broad and low-lying, and its area is expanding year by year. It has unique ecological types. A large area of ??shallow beach and wetland is formed where the sea and the river meet. The water quality in the area is excellent and pollution-free. The pH value is between 8.0-8.3, which is weakly alkaline water. The total hardness is between 2.16-5.56, which is weakly hard water. The salinity is 0.2-0.6g/L, and contains a lot of nutrients. Salt, luxuriant aquatic plants, and abundant feed organisms make it the main natural habitat for hairy crabs in the Yellow River Estuary and the source of artificially bred hairy crabs in the Yellow River Estuary. The high-quality and abundant Yellow River water and abundant reed resources provide unique conditions for the reproduction and growth of hairy crabs in the Yellow River Estuary.

Therefore, the hairy crabs here have pure varieties, delicious meat, delicate and elastic meat, and large individuals. The weight of an adult crab can reach 150g-450g.

(4) Humanistic and historical situation: According to historical records, from the fourth year of Emperor Yongguang of the Han Yuan Dynasty (40 BC), after the Yellow River broke through the Qinghe River, it entered the sea from Qiancheng (now the western boundary of Lijin) to 1642 In 1682, the Yellow River was diverted from Kaifeng to Huaihe. During this period, the Yellow River entered the sea many times in this city, transporting large amounts of sediment to the estuary and reclaiming the sea to form land. It is said that as the Yellow River enters the sea many times in this city, hairy crabs are naturally distributed here. It has a history of more than a thousand years. At that time, the coastline had been pushed eastward from Luojiawu and Laoye Temple in Lijin County to Jianlin and Xiazhen in Kenli County.

Since 1855 (the fifth year of Xianfeng reign in the Qing Dynasty) the Yellow River broke through the Gangwaxiang River, passed through Zhangqiu Town in Fan County, passed through the canal to seize the Daqing River, and then entered the sea through Lijin County, more than 100 years ago (1938-1947 The Yellow River flows from the Huaihe River into the sea in 2016. The Yellow River water has an average annual sediment content of 25.58 kg/m3 (the sediment content at Lijin Hydrological Station). It transports 1.12 billion tons of sediment to the Yellow River mouth every year, forming a network with Ninghai as the apex and starting from the west. The modern fan-shaped Yellow River delta extends from the Taoer River (Tuhai River) to the Nanwang River (Yangjiaogou) in the south, with an average annual advancement speed of 0.3 kilometers and an annual land area of ??23.5 square kilometers, making the delta area expand year by year.

Since the Yellow River changed its course from Dongying to the sea, hairy crabs began to be distributed in large numbers in the Yellow River Delta. The Yellow River is an above-ground river with no pollution, good water quality and rich nutrients, which provides a good living environment for hairy crabs. Hairy crabs in the Yellow River Estuary are delicious, rich in nutrients, and have extremely high medicinal value. Therefore, local farmers began to breed hairy crabs very early. In 1992, Kenli County Nursery took the lead in carrying out artificial breeding of hairy crabs in the city and achieved success. In 1994, artificial breeding of hairy crabs began large-scale production, promoting the city's hairy crab breeding scale to expand year by year, and breeding output to increase year by year.

The Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir Sinensis is the most abundant freshwater crab among crabs in my country, and is commonly known as "crab", "hairy crab" and "clear water hairy crab". Hairy crabs are highly adaptable and are widely distributed in my country, from the Yalu River in Liaoning in the north to the Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong in the south. Its footprints can even be found in Shashi, Hubei, more than 1,000 kilometers away from the ocean. Hairy crabs are a delicacy that has been favored by people since ancient times. Li Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty praised: "Fresh crabs are mixed with ginger vinegar, mellow wine, chewing yellow crabs, and you can enjoy the flavor." Li Yu in the Qing Dynasty even said crabs: "The color, aroma, and taste have been created to the extreme, and there is nothing that can be tasted." ” Therefore, it is known as “Crabs are served with a hundred flavors”. Crabs are rich in nutrients and contain a variety of vitamins. Vitamin A is higher than other terrestrial and aquatic animals. Vitamin B2 is 5-6 times higher than meat, 6-10 times higher than fish, and 2-3 times higher than eggs. times. The content of vitamin B1 and phosphorus is 6-10 times higher than that of ordinary fish. Each 100 grams of edible crab contains 17.5 grams of protein, 2.8 grams of fat, 182 mg of phosphorus, 126 mg of calcium, and 2.8 mg of iron. In addition to being rich in calcium, crab shells also contain crab erythrin, crab xanthin, etc.

Hairy crabs are not only a delicacy, but also have miraculous medicinal properties. "Compendium of Materia Medica" says: "Its effect is not only for dispersing, but also for harmonizing blood." According to the "Compendium of Materia Medica", crab has the effects of relaxing muscles and replenishing qi, regulating stomach and digestion, dredging meridians, dissipating heat, and dispersing blood congestion. Crab meat is salty in taste and cold in nature. It has the functions of clearing away heat, removing blood stasis, and nourishing yin. It can treat bruises, muscle injuries, fractures, and allergic dermatitis. Crab shells are burned into ashes, mixed with honey, and applied externally to treat wasp stings or other unknown swellings and poisons. Crab meat has a good effect on various cancers. At the same time, it is a natural tonic for children. Regular consumption can supplement various trace elements necessary for children's bodies. Modern research has found that crab shells contain a substance called chitin. A substance called ACOS-6 can be extracted from chitin, which has low-toxicity immune-activating properties. Animal experiments have confirmed that this substance can inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Proliferation and metastasis.

Production technical requirements

(1) Origin selection and special content regulations: The production base should be selected in an area with no pollution and good ecological conditions. The base should be selected away from industrial and mining areas and highways and railways to avoid the impact of industrial and urban pollution sources. At the same time, the production base should have sustainable production capacity. It complies with the requirements of NY5051-2001 "Pollution-free Food Freshwater Aquaculture Water Quality".

(2) Variety selection and specific requirements: Yellow River Estuary hairy crabs.

(3) Production process management, including special usage regulations for agricultural inputs: implement Shandong Province local standard DB37/T675-2007 "Technical Specification for the Breeding of Geographical Indication Products Yellow River Estuary Hairy Crab (Eriocheir sinensis) "Provisions.

(4) Product harvesting: The growth period of hairy crabs in Dongying Yellow River Estuary is 15 months to 18 months. Male crabs can be harvested when they reach 150g, and female crabs can be harvested when they reach 125g or more.

(5) Production record requirements: Dongying Yellow River Estuary hairy crabs adopt traceability numbers. The number is based on the production enterprise, and a unique code is given as the enterprise number. Each base records the entire production process, including seedling breeding, crab cultivation, adult crab breeding and other production processes, for future inquiry.

Typical product quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations

(1) External characteristics:

Yellow River Estuary hairy crabs are divided into special grade and first grade according to individual weight. Level, level two. Countable indicators should comply with the provisions of Table 1.

Table 1 Countable indicators of commercial crabs

Item individual weight (g) deformity rate (%) damage rate (%)

Super grade male crab ≥ 175 ≤ 2≤5

Female crab≥125

First-grade male crab 125～175

Female crab 100～125

Second-grade male Crab 100~125

Female crab 75~100

(2) Sensory requirements and physical and chemical indicators: The appearance of hairy crabs in the Yellow River Estuary has obvious regional characteristics, and the carapace is light blue or brown. Yellow, with silvery white belly and basically no water rust spots. The claws of adult crabs have dense brown hairs, and the setae on the legs are golden yellow. In the second step, the long section of the foot exceeds the position of the eyeball, and the notch between the frontal teeth is deep and obvious.

From mid-October to mid-November, the physical and chemical indicators of commercial crab bodies should comply with the provisions of Table 2.

Table 2 Physical and chemical indicators of commercial crabs

Project male crab and female crab

Crude protein/(%) ≥12.416.6

Crude Fat/(%)≥6.113.8

Ash/(%)≤2.01.45

Moisture/(%)≤74.664.1

(3 ) Safety requirements: The environment of the hairy crab production area in Dongying Yellow River Estuary complies with GB/T18407.4-2001 "Environmental Requirements for the Safety, Quality and Pollution-free Aquatic Products Production Area of ??Agricultural Products".

Dongying Yellow River Estuary hairy crab products comply with GB18406.4-2001 "Safety Requirements for Agricultural Products Safety, Quality and Pollution-free Aquatic Products."

Packaging labeling and other relevant regulations

(1) Label: The label of the sales package must comply with the regulations of GB7718, and should at least include: product name, specification, grade, product standard code, net Content, name and address of the producer or distributor, production date, and shelf life.

(2) Packaging: Any packaging should be sufficient and solid, and the packaging container should have ventilation holes. Packaging materials should be non-toxic and harmless. The packaging should be marked with the words "Yellow River Estuary Hairy Crab" geographical indication of agricultural products.

(3) Transportation: The temperature should be pre-lowered during air transportation, and the packaging method should be in accordance with civil aviation cargo transportation regulations. Any transportation tools should be dehydrated and moisturized for shipment.

(4) Storage: Storage containers and locations should be protected from contamination by toxic and harmful substances.