As a part of China, the Macao Special Administrative Region is located on the southeast coast of Chinese mainland and the west bank of the Pearl River Delta, adjacent to Guangdong Province, 60 kilometers away from Hong Kong and 0/45 kilometers away from Guangzhou/KLOC. Local time is 8 hours earlier than Greenwich Mean Time.
zone
Due to land reclamation along the coast, the total area of Macao has been expanding. It has gradually expanded from 10.28 square kilometers in the 9th century to 28.6 square kilometers today, accounting for about one fortieth of Hong Kong's area and one third of Singapore's area. Cai and Luhuan are two outlying islands. The peninsula is connected to Chinese mainland in the north, and the Jalebi Bridge, Friendship Bridge and Xiwan Bridge are connected to it in the south. Subjoin; As for it? Cai Road and Green Ring Road are 2.2 kilometers long and have 6 lanes. Continuous roads are connected.
Human population
In the first quarter of 2007, the resident population of Macao was estimated to be 53 1 4,000, and the population density per square kilometer was 1858 1. The northern part of Macao Peninsula is one of the most densely populated urban areas in the world.
According to the preliminary results of the 2006 by-census, 565,438+0.2% of Macao's permanent residents were women on August 9. In terms of age group, 15.2% of people are under 15 years old, 77.7% are between 15 years old and 64 years old, and 7% are under 65 years old.
According to the by-census in 2006, among the 502,000 residents, 93.8% are China residents, 65,438+0.7% are Portuguese and 2% are Filipinos. The official languages of Macao are Chinese and Portuguese respectively. Over 95% of Macao residents use Chinese as their daily language, 0.6% use Portuguese, and the rest use English, Filipino and other languages.
According to the mid-2006 census, more than 78% of the population have lived in Macao for more than 10 years. As for the place of birth, 42.5% were born in Macau, 47. 1% in Chinese mainland and 65,438+00.4% in other places.
climate
Macao's climate is hot and humid, with a large temperature difference throughout the year. The temperature from June to September can be as high as 30 degrees Celsius, while the temperature from1October to February can be as low as 65,438+00 degrees Celsius, but the average temperature is rarely lower than 65,438+04 degrees Celsius. During the typhoon season every year, Macao may be affected by tropical systems from the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific Ocean.
Location, scope, division and area
Macau is located on the southeast coast of Chinese mainland and the west bank of the Pearl River Estuary. Its latitude and longitude are:113 32' 47 ",2211'51.5" (depending on the Yangshan in the east of the peninsula). At the same time, Haojiang Waterway is only 1000 meters wide. After crossing the inner and outer cross gates in the south, there is the vast South China Sea. The northern part is connected with Gongbei, Zhuhai by ancient sand dike, and the land boundary is only 240 meters.
Macao is only 6 1 km east of Hong Kong and only 105 km north of Guangzhou, which is a straight line distance. The three places are separated by the outer edge of the Pearl River Estuary (see figure 1. 1). The Pearl River is the fourth largest river in China, and the Xijiang River is its longest trunk. Starting from Macao, you can reach Zhaoqing, Wuzhou and other places, with rich products along the way. The Pearl River Delta, with developed transportation and prosperous economy, is not only one of the richest areas in South China, but also one of the richest areas in China. Macao is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Pearl River Delta and Xijiang River.
From a broader perspective, Macao's position in East Asia is also very moderate (see figure 1.2). It happens to be the relay point of the routes in Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia. It is about 2,800km from Tokyo in the northeast, 2,600km from Singapore in the southwest and only1200km from Manila in the southeast. Such a moderate geographical position established Macao's important position in the East-West trade in 16 and 17 centuries.
The Macao area includes the Macao Peninsula and two islands (Figure 1.3). The north-south distance is11.8km, and the east-west distance is 4.4km.. The range starts from11334' 47 "in the west and ends at 65437" in the east. From north to north latitude 2213' 01". Total land area 17.3 16 square kilometers. The area around the island is the largest, with 7.087 square kilometers. The Macao Peninsula is second, with 6.45 square kilometers; Taipa Island is the smallest, with only 3.779 square kilometers.
The Macao Peninsula is shaped like a boot, running northeast-southwest. The long axis is about 4 kilometers from northeast Guanzha to southwest Magezui, and the short axis from northwest to southeast is about 2 kilometers from Shalitou seaside to Friendship Avenue Oriental Hotel. The narrow river (Haojiang) on the west is the inner port, and the outer port on the east faces the Pearl River estuary. Peninsula is the political, economic and cultural center of Macao. Most of the industry, commerce and population are concentrated here. The Macao Peninsula is divided into five districts, and each district is named after the main church in the district (in fact, they were originally Catholic parishes). The names and areas of each district (measured according to the 1 10,000 scale map of Macao Peninsula published by the Surveying, Mapping and Cadastral Department of Macao, 1986) are as follows:
Huawangtang District (Saint Antoinette District) 1.072 km2
0.655 square kilometers in Wangdetang District
Fengshuntang District (provincial old cold working hall area) is 0.844 square kilometers.
The lobby area is 1.055 square kilometers.
Matang District, Huadi covers an area of 2.424 square kilometers.
Located in the northern part of the peninsula, Huadimatang District has the largest area, including Qingzhou, Taishan, Racecourse, Chopsticks Base, Wang Xia, Heishan Bay and Xingang Reservoir. Wangdetang District is located in the middle of the peninsula, with the smallest area, including Holland Garden, Tashi and Songshan Mountain (looking east at Yangshan Mountain). Huawangtang area is located in the west of the peninsula, including Shagang, Xinqiao, Shali and other places, with the famous St. Paul archway and the famous St. Paul Square. It includes Xingang, Nanwan new reclamation area, Shuikeng tail and the long and narrow section between Xinma Road and Caodui Street. Fengshuntang area is located at the southwest end of the southwest peninsula of Xinma Road, including Ding Gang, Xia Huan, Mage, Xiwan and the west section of Nanwan.
Taipa Island is located about 2.5km south-southeast of Macau Peninsula and 800-1.200m west of Xiaoqinheng Island in Zhuhai. About 2km south of Taipa Island is a roundabout connected by a continuous road with a length of 2,225m. To the west of the island is Daqinheng Island in Zhuhai, with the narrowest distance less than 300 meters. There are few residents. 1974, the 2,500-meter-long Macao Bridge was completed and opened to traffic, thus connecting the two outlying islands with the Macao Peninsula. In recent years, the northern part of Macao has developed rapidly, and the University of Macau (formerly the University of East Asia), the highest institution in Macao, is located here. Macao has also built an international airport and a deep-water port respectively.