In the eyes of many experts and scholars, Gu Jieyuan is a great scholar in Nanjing, and his contribution can be comparable to that of later local historians Gan and Chen. In the Recommended Bibliography of Nanjing's Masterpieces handed down from ancient times, Kefu Ci is also a secular encyclopedia with thousands of capsules. Jiangnan Times reporter Huang Yong
Gu Tiangong and Hakka Ci recorded the life and hobbies of Gu Jieyuan in Nanjing in Ming Dynasty. Compared with the official history of "specialization", Gu Jieyuan, a rural sage who won the top prize in the late Ming Dynasty, has more reference value in the chronicle of the lost essays.
10 Volume Hakka Words is the earliest encyclopedia in Nanjing. It is inferred by later generations that Gu Jieyuan probably used his own personal experience to collect historical materials and visit his hometown, so it is very true and reliable to read, and it is an important reference material for studying Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty. The mystery of Zheng He's seven official voyages to the Western Seas: From the official custom in the early Ming Dynasty-any banquet given by "princes, nobles and rich children" must do something "..., Gu Jieyuan's" Ke Rong Ci "is recorded. In the preface, he even said sarcastically, "I always like to visit stories among mulberry trees, so I always strive for stories to follow. I have also heard that they entertain each other, and occasionally I find strangers in one or two area codes to help me laugh." "There are often things that can benefit the local husband's exam registration."
Hakka dialect in Qing dynasty still has an influence on the description and memory of Nanjing by local chroniclers in Ming dynasty.
Li Xiaosou, director of the Department of China and History of the City University of Hong Kong, wrote a letter of recommendation to Nanjing Publishing House: "Ke Rong Ci" was written on 16 17, giving a panoramic view of the daily life in Nanjing in the late Ming Dynasty. The author, Gu Jieyuan, is a scholar in Wanli, and he is knowledgeable. The notes in the book, in addition to "talking with people", are also combined with a large number of literature collection, textual research of ancient books and field visits. From flowers and trees, birds and animals, grotesque gardens, opera songs, calligraphy and painting relics, to ancient customs, legends of ghosts and gods, and exotic things, there are vivid descriptions, revealing the attachment to the bustling and enjoyable urban life. On the other hand, it has a strong concern about people's livelihood and system reform, and also criticizes social problems and extravagance. This book is a milestone in the annals of Nanjing. "
At the beginning of the revival of Menxi, Gu Qiyuan served as the left assistant minister of the official department. Later, the official position was higher, but because he was honest and upright, he did not seek fame and fortune, and he was not liked by literati and bureaucrats inside and outside the court. In the end, Gu Jieyuan took the initiative to resign and live in seclusion, and lived in Xihua Lugang, the south gate of Nanjing. He did not ask about political affairs and devoted himself to studying and writing books. Some old neighborhoods in Menxi have heard of his legend and still call him "the ancient celestial official".
According to historical records, the imperial court issued seven imperial edicts asking him to return to Beijing, but he refused. This is the story of "seven can't afford to levy" circulated among the people. In the middle of the apocalypse, the Wei Zhongxian Shengci will be built in Nanjing, and the government sent people to Gu Jieyuan to "beg for words", but Gu Jieyuan "resigned with both hands" and refused to write.
Gu Xiaoping, a descendant of Gu Qiyuan, is an engineer in a construction company in Nanjing. He devoted himself to studying the life history of his ancestor Gu Jieyuan. He introduced that Gu Jieyuan's former residence is located at No.39, the middle section of Hualugang. Descendants lived in Dunyuan for more than 400 years until 1972. At that time, there was the largest screen wall to the west of Gujiamen, and there was a gatehouse on the street. The forehead of the door is engraved with four characters: "Can't stand the Seven Signs". On the right side of the wall, there is a long stone tablet of "the former site of Gongdun Garden in Zhuang Guwen in Ming Dynasty", and there is also an inscription warning future generations: "Xuande, call my future generations, save this stone, and it will not sink" is still clearly visible. However, in the mid-1950s, due to the reason of Nanjing No.1 Cotton Mill, the former residence of a famous person in the Ming Dynasty was demolished and the building was deserted. The stone tablet is also hidden in Nanbo and protected.
A person from Nanjing Chengnan Historical and Cultural Protection and Revival Co., Ltd. said that at present, in the revival of Menxi, there is no consideration of rebuilding the garden, because there are basically no relevant materials and pictures. "But in the next construction, the corresponding elements will also be considered."
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Nanjing had a considerable population. The story of Nanjing in Hakka is in Nanjing. Nanjing * * * has an old brand that is particularly famous, that is, Nanjing * * * An Paradise Restaurant with a history of nearly a hundred years, because its taste is "authentic". And talk about these, are inseparable from talking about Nanjing's * * *.
Since the Yuan Dynasty, * * * moved from the western regions and other places to settle in this area, and * * * restaurants came into being. According to Hakka Waihua, there were 3,239 households in Jiangning County in the 20th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, among which 9,230 people were * * *. Compared with the early years of Hongwu, when Ming Chengzu was in Nanjing, Wanli's household registration was "one tenth", that is, less than one tenth. Based on this calculation, during the Hongwu period, Jiangning in Nanjing alone had a population of nearly 65,438+10,000. If other counties are added, the total population of Nanjing will be considerable. A number of teahouses, restaurants, snack bars and food stores focusing on sales, processing and cooking have gradually emerged.
The first volume of "Yaohuamen Jujube" has an article "Precious Things", which means local products. Cheng, a doctor of literature at Nanjing University, believes that the so-called "local products" will change with time. The native products of the Ming Dynasty are basically unknown to Nanjing people now.
According to Gu Qiyuan, the jujube at Yaofangmen (now called Yaohuamen) is "two inches long and red as blood". Big and red, it can be compared with Xinjiang jujube. This kind of jujube is "crisp and loose, and it will break when it falls to the ground." It is unheard of and unheard of that jujube is so brittle. This kind of jujube is said to be "the square area of Lujiashan alone is more than ten acres, which is neither suitable for its land nor suitable for transplanting". The dates in the medicine door must match the soil and water in Lvjiashan, but not in other places. It can be seen that the jujube at the medicine door is rare and precious.
In the Ming Dynasty, people in Nanjing also made tea with ginkgo fruit, which was delicious in color, smell and taste. But it is out of fashion today. In addition, the lotus roots in Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake were also quite famous at that time. "It is as big as a strong man's arm, crisp and slag-free, that is, it is produced in Jiangnan and has the lowest shape and taste." They are the staple aquatic products in Nanjing.
It is very popular for Nanjing literati to make wine at home. If you are an alcoholic and live in the Ming Dynasty, you will have a good life. Several famous wines in the Ming Dynasty were commented by the guest's superfluous words: "If Ji has tasted it all his life, if the palace is full of fragrance, the official wine, the Jingshi yellow wine, ... Shaoxing lobster sauce wine, Ai wine and Gaoyou Wujiajian wine, the multi-color taste is the best." He also said: "For example, Xiangling wine and Hejin wine in Shanxi, Tantong wine in Chengdu, Guanzhong wine, watermelon wine in Zhongzhou, persimmon wine, jujube wine and Guangxi wine in Boluo, nothing else has been seen." Looking at Gu Qiyuan's vivid description and imagining the picture of food and wine, it is simply "Nanjing on the tip of the tongue".
After Judy, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, moved to the capital, Nanjing remained the most important city in the south, although it was no longer the capital. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, many scholars in Nanjing made wine at home, which once became a common practice. Because they think that the wine sold in the market is crude, heavy in color and strong in fragrance, like overnight strong tea, and it tastes bitter but not fine, which is suitable for ordinary people to drink, but it does not conform to the "elegant" style of literati drinking. Gu Jieyuan recorded 33 kinds of good wines brewed by Nanjing literati in Volume 9 of Hakka Waihua and Three Rules of Wine.
In the late Ming dynasty, the pattern of scholar-officials headscarves was repeated in the middle and late Ming dynasty, and the economy was quite prosperous. As the middle class of the society, the scholar-officials pursue novelty and desire to be different, and deliberately put on their personal clothes. Under the fashion trend, literati and bureaucrats have caught up with "fashion".
The headscarf is very important in the suit of the whole literati, and the headscarf of "Playboy" in Ming Dynasty is also full of tricks. "Hakka Waihua" recorded the headscarf trend at that time: "Before the (Dragon) Celebration and the (Ten Thousand) Calendar, the southern costumes were simple, and officials wore zhongguan, while scholars only wore square scarves. In recent years, it has been made in a strange way, and the days have changed ... there are Han towels, Jin towels, Tang towels, Zhuge towels, pure Yang towels, Dongpo towels and Yangming towels.
Dong Jin, a clothing historian, said that well-made towels are decorated with patterns such as ruyi moire, and even decorated with ornaments such as jade flowers and jade pieces, which are quite rich in materials. "Extra Words for Guests" also records: "The towel is decorated with jade knots and vases, and the edge is decorated with two jade rings. And pure Yang, Jiuhua, Xiaoyao, Huayang and other towels have benefited from two versions before and after, and the wind will come. All seams are leather gold, made of hat yarn, weft yarn and lacquer yarn. In addition to yarn, there are ponytail yarn and long Lin yarn. Its colors are sky blue and sky blue. The ponytail is woven as a towel, which can be divided into corrugated, monofilament and double filament. Therefore, the first service was ruined, and it is extremely embarrassing today. "
Who would have thought that men could make so many designs on headscarves more than 400 years ago? In contrast, even modern hipsters can't compare with them-modern men's hats are much inferior in style.